Art Midterm

The city council of Siena commissioned__________ to fresco the city hall with scenes of good and bad government. Duccio Giotto Ambrogio Lorenzetti Cimabue

Ambrogio Lorenzetti

The doors for the Florentine Baptistery by __________ display scenes from the life of John the Baptist. Andrea Orcagna Bernardo Daddi Ambrogio Lorenzetti Andrea Pisano

Andrea Pisano

The term __________ describes the private devotional books that contained special prayers to be recited at specific times of the day. Moralized Bibles Book of Hours Gospels Psalters

Book of Hours

What is the name for the period of spiritual renewal, from about 1545 to 1648, that was, in part, a reaction to Protestantism? Counter-Reformation Council of Trent High Renaissance Congregation of the Oratory

Counter-Reformation

Where did painters perfect the technique of painting with an oil medium? Portugal England Italy Flanders

Flanders

Cimabue, an artist working in ____________, was one of the first to demonstrate the shift to a more modern painting style. Florence Pisa Sienna Venice

Florence

Ghiberti's doors for the east side of the Baptistery in Florence were so admired that they came to be known as the Gateway to Heaven Doors to the Kingdom Golden Arches Gates of Paradise

Gates of Paradise

__________ was commissioned to paint the Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel. Cimabue Masaccio Giotto Duccio

Giotto

________________ exerted quality control among members and supervised education. Monastic orders Guilds Confraternities Mendicants

Guilds

How does Bernini's David distinguish itself from Renaissance images of the same subject? He depicts David at a dramatic moment of quiet contemplation. He based the figure on ancient sculptures of athletes. He captures the action of the figure moving through space. He shows David as a young contemporary man.

He captures the action of the figure moving through space.

How did Rubens portray Marie de' Medici in the series of portraits she commissioned? He represented her as a powerful Greek goddess in well-known myths. He depicted scenes from her life as a continuous triumph overseen by Classical gods and goddesses. He depicted her as a powerful presence who physically dominated each composition. He emphasized her religious convictions by showing her praying and performing good deeds.

He depicted scenes from her life as a continuous triumph overseen by Classical gods and goddesses.

How does Anthony van Dyck convey the king's powerful status in Charles I at the Hunt? He makes the environment appear submissive. He shows an active hunting scene. He idealizes Charles's figure. He enlarges the horse and servant.

He makes the environment appear submissive.

Which pope enlisted Bramante, Raphael, and Michelangelo to carry out his vision of a revitalized Rome as the center of a new Christian architecture? Paul III Leo X Clement VII Julius II

Julius II

What subject was often painted in refectories of religious communities Annunciation Last Supper Prodigal Son Nativity

Last Supper

What did Dürer openly express in Four Apostles? Methodism Lutheranism Anglicanism Catholicism

Lutheranism

In Burial of Count Orgaz, which style did El Greco recall with the crowded pictorial field and obscured spatial setting of the scene? Byzantine Venetian Medieval Mannerist

Mannerist

The members of which fifteenth-century Florentine family were powerful and influential patrons of the arts? Montefeltro Narni Medici Bellini

Medici

Michelangelo's Pietà was installed as a tomb monument in __________. Tempietto Palazzo Old Saint Peter's Gesu

Old Saint Peter's

Who built the Escorial, the great monastery-palace complex outside Madrid? Manuel Francis Charles Philip

Philip

Why was Sofonisba Anguissola unusual among women artists in the sixteenth century? She became a lady-in-waiting. She painted miniatures. She was from Bologna. She was not the daughter of an artist.

She was not the daughter of an artist.

Bernini's Baldacchino symbolized the Pope's authority and was executed as a shrine for St. Longinus. Pope Paul III. St. Peter. Pope Urban VIII.

St. Peter.

Recent scholarship suggests that Titian's "Venus" of Urbino was meant to represent a classical goddess. a Venetian courtesan. a newly married woman. a specific individual.

a newly married woman.

The play of flickering light against mirrors in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles created a tableau in which the king and courtiers saw themselves as they promenaded. a grand entrance and hallway meant to awe those who visited the palace. a sacred space where God's presence is symbolized through reflected light all around. a conduit between the King's original hunting lodge and the lateral wings added later.

a tableau in which the king and courtiers saw themselves as they promenaded.

What distinguished Venetian painting of the late sixteenth century from works done in other Italian cities? the frequent use of nude figures an interest in color, light, and loose expressive brushwork the use of oil paint on canvas an emphasis on formal clarity and technical perfection

an interest in color, light, and loose expressive brushwork

In Dürer's Adam and Eve, which of the following are symbols for the human temperaments? trees flowers castles animals

animals

English artists excelled in which field during the seventeenth century? architecture portrait painting stained glass landscape painting

architecture

What sociological change may have encouraged the innovative developments in Italian art of the fourteenth century? the grown of the urban population fortified cities provided a greater sense of security the guild system for artistic training artists began to emerge as individuals

artists began to emerge as individuals

A form of perspective in a painting that displays background objects as slightly out of focus and have a gray-blue color is called vertical perspective. atmospheric perspective. linear perspective. diminutive perspective.

atmospheric perspective.

Which pair of colors is NOT a pair of complementary colors? purple and yellow green and red blue and purple blue and orange

blue and purple

Applying water-based paints to the wet plaster of a wall is known as __________. intonaco buon fresco tempera fresco secco

buon fresco

What is a full-scale drawing called that is a model for a major painting, tapestry, or other two-dimensional work of art? sinopia woodcut engraving cartoon

cartoon

The format of Hieronymus Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights, which was commissioned by an aristocrat for his Brussels townhouse, conforms to a long tradition of public art in government buildings. palace decoration. frescoes in private chapels. church altarpieces.

church altarpieces.

According to art historians, Artemisia Gentileschi frequently painted heroic biblical women to show her understanding of Old Testament text. steal commissions from other artists. claim her rightful place in a male-dominated art world. provide women with a pious model for behavior.

claim her rightful place in a male-dominated art world.

What theme was most popular for the narrative images decorating personal luxury items such as small chests, mirror backs and combs? courtly romance the joys and sorrows of the Virgin the passion of Christ life in the city and country

courtly romance

What innovative device did Frans Hals introduce in the painting of group portraits? including distinctive symbols that identified each sitter placing the figures symmetrically according to height depicting figures as engaged in a lively social event showing figures in allegorical roles from myths or biblical stories

depicting figures as engaged in a lively social event

Who were the most powerful rulers and art patrons in northern Europe for most of the fifteenth century? dukes of Windsor dukes of Normandy earls of Hampden dukes of Burgundy

dukes of Burgundy

Dürer's work in which media led to his fame and fortune? goldsmithing sculpture graphic arts architecture

graphic arts

What element of Caravaggio's painting style was the subject of criticism and occasionally deemed inconsistent with the artistic guidelines established by the Council of Trent? his brutally naturalistic renderings that were deemed unsuitable for religious subjects the erotic undertones of his paintings of men under the guise of Roman gods his dramatic lighting effects that implied a spiritual presence his use of common folk for models in lavishly decorated interior spaces

his brutally naturalistic renderings that were deemed unsuitable for religious subjects

Although Martin Luther never supported __________, many Protestant zealots destroyed sculpture, stained glass, and religious paintings they felt was idolatrous. Catholicism iconoclasm empire legislation

iconoclasm

Identifying and studying the subject matter and conventional symbols in works of art is called symbolism. contextualism. iconography. formal analysis.

iconography.

Engraving on metal requires a technique called __________ in which the lines are cut into the metal plate with sharp tools. gouging intaglio giornata woodcut

intaglio

Why is Florence considered the cradle of the Italian Renaissance? its competitive atmosphere, which encouraged innovation its proximity to ancient ruins that inspired Renaissance artists the many wealthy merchants who were patrons of the arts its political and economic dominance among fifteenth-century Italian cities

its competitive atmosphere, which encouraged innovation

What was the primary reason for the delayed construction of the dome of Florence Cathedral? a shortage of skilled masons and builders funding for the project ran out political instability lack of engineering know-how

lack of engineering know-how

Which category of painting became popular in the sixteenth century because, although it had no overt religious content, it could be seen as a reflection of God's works? landscapes miniatures still lifes genre works

landscapes

In the fourth state of the Three Crosses, Rembrandt modified the scene by increasing the amount of figures. expanding it to include more landscape. making it darker and simpler. adding God the Father at the top.

making it darker and simpler.

What was first achieved in the workshop of Johann Gutenberg in Germany? movable-type printing relief printing block books engraving

movable-type printing

Michelangelo's Last Judgment departs from medieval tradition by____________________ using expressive emotion not clearly separating the saved from the damned depicting nude figures placing Christ at the center

not clearly separating the saved from the damned

Masaccio used linear perspective in the Trinity with the Virgin to create the illusion that the figures are integrated into a single space. of an actual burial beneath the painted figures. that the donors are real people in the chapel. of a deep barrel vault extending behind the figures.

of a deep barrel vault extending behind the figures.

An altarpiece which has multiple, movable wings, attached to the altar's central, stationary section is known as a __________. predella diptych polyptych triptych

polyptych

Hans Holbein is best known for his detailed prints, such as engravings and woodcuts. survey of art history detailing the lives of Northern artists . polychromed wooden sculptures. portraits of nobles and diplomats in the Tudor court.

portraits of nobles and diplomats in the Tudor court.

In contrast to Donatello, Verrocchio portrayed his David as a proud, engaging adolescent. triumphant young shepherd. fully armored soldier. muscular Greek warrior.

proud, engaging adolescent.

In contrast to Leonardo da Vinci's beliefs, what did Michelangelo believe to be the most complete means of creating an illusion of the natural world? painting sculpture drawing embroidery

sculpture

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Mannerism? elongated proportions esoteric subject matter subtle coloration and lighting effects irrational spatial environments

subtle coloration and lighting effects

Despite the extravagant surroundings and clothing in Hyacinthe Rigaud's portrait of Louis XIV, the artist also made the king appear surprisingly human. tired and aged. as a beneficiary of the people. like a Roman aristocrat.

surprisingly human.

Genre scenes were popular in the Netherlands for their symbolic references to moral virtues. detailed depictions of flowers and fruit. biting political satire of the Spanish monarchy. idealized portrayal of the peasant lifestyle.

symbolic references to moral virtues.

Italian painters in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries worked principally in __________, a paint made from powdered pigments, often mixed with egg yolk, water, and an occasional touch of glue. fresco parchment arriccio tempera

tempera

What image from the Isenheim Altarpiece emphasizes human emotion and suffering through Grünewald's graphic realism? the Resurrection the Deposition the Annunciation the Crucifixion

the Crucifixion

Raphael's well-known fresco The School of Athens, in both its subject matter and harmonious formal arrangement, summarizes the ideals envisioned by the Medici family of Florence the Doni family of Florence the Holy Roman Emperor the Renaissance popes

the Renaissance popes

What symbolic meaning is suggested in the "Hunt of the Unicorn" series of tapestries? the Resurrection the Deposition the Annunciation the Miracle at Cana

the Resurrection

What element of Leonardo da Vinci's The Virgin of the Rocks best embodies the principles of art in the High Renaissance? the balanced pyramidal grouping of figures the unusual landscape of the background the references to classical subject matter the somber mood created through darkened tones

the balanced pyramidal grouping of figures

What do scholars know for certain about Jan van Eyck's Double Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife? the work celebrates the couple's wedding the painting originally hung in the couple's home the couple's identity the couple was quite wealthy

the couple was quite wealthy

What encouraged the development of a specialized art market in Antwerp? the spread of Classical themes the demand for luxury goods the revived interest in religious subjects the decreasing wealth of European monarchies

the demand for luxury goods

What feature of Palladio's Villa Rotunda had not previously been used on a domestic structure? the dome exterior sculpture a portico Ionic columns

the dome

What was the cause of the extensive damage to Leonardo's painting of The Last Supper that occurred shortly after its completion? the humid climate in Milan poor attempts at restoration of the work the experimental technique used in its production bombings during World War II

the experimental technique used in its production

How does Michelangelo's David differ from the Classical sculpture that inspired it? the use of heroic nudity the figure's emotional intensity the figure's contrapposto stance the figure's muscular physique

the figure's emotional intensity

Which of the following probably influenced Giotto's emphasis on human empathy and emotion seen in his painting? the message of St. Francis of Assisi all of the answers. the writings of Cennino Cennini is study with Cimabue

the message of St. Francis of Assisi

Bruegel's Return of the Hunters is one of a cycle that included six large paintings focused on the theme of the seasons. local landscapes. the months. peasant life.

the months.

What detail of the Mérode Altarpiece indicates that the scene of the Annunciation is a religious vision of the donors'? the enclosed garden the pages of Mary's book the mousetrap the opened door

the opened door

The term "modeling" refers to ___________________, which allows artists to simulate three-dimensional forms in painted figures. the texturing of paint with a stippling brushstroke thickly applying paint in small are the use of light and dark pigment tones the use of live models so artists could closely observe natural details

the use of light and dark pigment tones

Wealthy Italian families added __________ to their homes, both for the purpose of defense and to symbolize their power. towers mirrors cannons lighting

towers

The relative degree of lightness or darkness of a given color is its purity. intensity. saturation. value.

value.

What is the term for still-life paintings with a moralizing theme that were very popular in the seventeenth century? intaglio quadri riportati vanitas caravaggisti

vanitas

The type of line that communicates a sense of authority, stability, and strength is vertical line. horizontal line. diagonal line. zigzag line.

vertical line.

One reason for the limited number of female artists in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance was that women__________________. were not allowed to learn skills of drawing or painting could not work professionally as artists were not admitted to guilds were not allowed formal apprenticeships

were not allowed formal apprenticeships

One of the techniques used by printmakers during the fifteenth century was the __________. sinopia fresco secco lithograph woodcut

woodcut