Art test

The Red Studio

Painted his art studio Furniture indicated by negative gaps Artwork in color, detail in white Outline painted over red

MONT-SAINTE VICTOIRE

Painted it many times Mountains look like triangles With a stroke of paint shows a side of a building Breaking things down into basic shapes Uses paint to construct paint EVERYTHING IS A DECISION 1904

FRIDA KAHLO

Painter Frida Kahlo was a Mexican artist who is still admired as a feminist icon and remembered for her self-portraits, pain and passion, and bold vibrant colors. In addition to her work, Kahlo was known also known for her turbulent relationship with her husband, muralist artist Diego Rivera. Frida Kahlo was gravely hurt in a bus accident. She was confined to her bed for over a year, recovering from fractures of her back, collarbone, and ribs, as well as a shattered pelvis and shoulder and foot injuries. Over her bed she had a mirror so she could see herself, and this was the beginning of her focus on self-portraits. Her works are often characterized by their stark, and sometimes shocking, portrayals of physical and psychological and emotional pain. She is often identified as a surrealist although she denied the connection, claiming that she did not paint dreams but her painful reality.

The Old Guitarist/blue period

Part of his blue period Essentially monochromatic paintings in blue and green (warm colors) Prostitutes beggars ect.. Extremely skinny snf hunched over Blue period Friend committed suicide so he felt blue, and painted blue (deep saddnes)

PABLO PICASSO

The artistic genius of Pablo Picasso has impacted the development of modern and contemporary art with unparalleled magnitude. A prolific artist, his work conveys intellectual, political, social and amorous messages. His creative styles envelop realism, abstraction, Cubism, Surrealism and Expressionism changing over the period of his life more than any other great artist in an attempt to try new and different things. His Blue Period was a time of emotional expression, in response to the death of a close friend. It ended when he fell in love and his work becomes lighter in palette and subject, categorized as the Rose Period. This early work quickly gave way to a Cubist period that was both startling and paved the way for ideas associated with deconstructing not just images but accepted understandings. A defining work from 1937 in reaction to a bombing attack on a small village during the Spanish Civil War called "Guernica", introduces Picasso as a political artist by exhibiting the horrors of war in a compelling way and on a monumental scale. Picasso was a painter, printmaker and sculptor who knew no boundaries of expression leaving a legacy for artists who are still influenced by his work today.

L.H.O.O.Q

This found object is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa onto which Duchamp drew a moustache and goatee, graffiti style in pencil and added the caption L.H.O.O.Q- pronounced in French el ash o o koe, standing for the elle a chaud au cul in French, which means "she's has a hot ass".

DROWNING GIRL

This is an example of his Ben-day dots and his period of painting women who would be looking at you longing for something or being very dramatic.

ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

This movement grew up in 1940's and 1950's New York. It was meant to encompass not only the work of painters who filled their canvases with fields of color and abstract forms, but also those who attacked their canvases with a vigorous gestural expressionism. These artists were committed to an expressive art of profound emotion and universal themes that connected to a style fitted to the post-war mood of anxiety and trauma. This new oeuvre robbed Paris of its title of leader of modern art and set the stage for America's post-war dominance of the international art world. In its purest form, Abstract Art has no recognizable subject. It is just lines, shapes, and colors. The Abstract Art movement is called Abstract Expressionism because, although the art has no subject, it is still trying to convey some kind of emotion. Some Abstract Artists had theories on the emotions that were caused by certain colors and shapes. They planned out their seemingly random paintings to the last detail. Other Abstract Artists painted with emotion and randomness hoping to capture their emotions and subconscious thoughts on the canvas.

Paul Cezanne

Rather than describe the overall impression of a scene, Cezanne sought to articulate its underlying structure, often which suggests that the landscape is built up from the simplest geometric components (break down objects into their basic geometric constituents, and to depict their essential building blocks). He made his artistic practice a new kind of analytical discipline- methodical or constructive brushstrokes, as though he was "constructing" a picture rather than "painting" it, it was as if each item of still life, landscape, or portrait had been examined not from one but several or more angles. He once said "Treat nature in terms of the cylinder, the sphere, the cone, all in perspective."

Guernica

Reaction to war Expresses pain of the war When there was a bombing in the town of Guernica

RENE MAGRITTE

Rene Francois Ghislain Magritte was a surrealist artist who created witty and thought-provoking works of art. His intention was to intrigue the observers' minds and force them to question their own perceptions of reality and ask people to look at ordinary things in different ways. He gave new meanings to familiar things by taking common images and placing them in extreme contexts He began drawing as a young boy and realized that he wanted to spend the whole of his life drawing, sketching and painting. A tragic incident that happened in his childhood deeply influenced his painting style—his mother committed suicide by drowning and her body was found with her dress covering her face. This imagery stayed with him and is reflected in many of his paintings where the object's face is not exposed. He initially followed an impressionist style of painting though he later on became more inclined towards surrealism. Before becoming a successful artist he used to design wallpapers and illustrate advertisements—whatever work he did, he was always a true artist at heart. Today, he is widely recognized for having influenced pop, minimalist and conceptual art.

Vincent Van Gogh

With an emotive use of color and a distinct brush style, this Dutch artist came to painting as an adult in his thirties. Through the love and support of his financier brother, Theo, Vincent van Gogh was able to fully commit himself to his art making. Though a short-lived career, Van Gogh worked at a furious pace to produce more than 2000 works of art in the span of a decade and yet, only sold one painting in his lifetime. His introduction to the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists emboldened him to experiment with brighter, bolder colors as he developed his distinctive style. Suffering from bouts of depression, his mental health worsened after moving to southern France from Paris with his friend, Paul Gauguin. Van Gogh committed himself to a mental asylum where he continued to paint some of his most influential work, later dying at the age of 37 from a self-inflicted wound. His legacy was his gestural use of line and his compelling distortion of reality for emotional effect to become a guiding principle for the Abstract Expressionist artists of New York. He chopped off his ear

Readymade

a mass-produced everyday object taken out of its usual context and promoted to the status of artwork by the mere choice of the artist. The use of the readymade forced questions about artistic creativity and the very definition of art and its purpose in society.

ROY LICHTENSTEIN

Roy Lichtenstein was famous for his bold, Pop Art paintings of comic strip cartoons and everyday objects. He admired the skill of the comic book artist, who could create complex stories of love and war in cartoon form. His style was fixed in its format: black outlines, bold primary colors and tones rendered by Benday dots (a method of printing tones in comic books in the 1950's and 60's). Although best known as a painter, he worked in a variety of media: sculpture, murals, prints and ceramics.

At the Moulin Rouge

TL turned advertising into art Different than his earlier style Ukiyo E prints Strong outlines silhouettes Not portraying exactly, using shapes

monet

"The Father of Impressionism", Claude Monet was renowned for his mastery of natural light and painted at many different times of day in an attempt to capture atmospheric changes. He used very soft brush strokes and unmixed colors to create a natural vibrating effect, as if nature itself were alive on the canvas

The potato eaters

(1885) Before Paris painted this Considered his first masterpiece Wanted to depict the reality of people Loose brush strokes Only successful after he died Detailed faces

stary night

(1889) Painted it 13 months before he died Based on view from mental asylum View from window Very vibrant palette Partially what he saw, partially his feeling Can see wind a star and glow of stars After death people realized how influential this painting was Extremely thick Exaggerated

FOUNTAIN

(1917) Most notorious readymade. Society rejected idea Upside Down urinal Exhibition where everything was accepted (he was on the board of) The urinal was rejected nothing was supposed to be rejected He quit because he was mad that it was rejected He was mad

The False Mirror

(1928) Theme sky Eye with area around pupil filled with sky As if your looking into an eye but you see much more than you expected

The Son of Man

(1946) Face is covered by an apple Man in a bowler hat and overcoat Left arm is bending backwards/like other side Brings you in further since covered

pop art

-1950s in England, but realized its fullest potential in New York in the '60s. In a way, Pop Art was a reaction to the seriousness of Abstract Expressionism. Pop Art is meant to be fun, it was the art of popular culture. -made commentary on contemporary society and culture. The movement made commentary on contemporary society and culture, particularly consumerism, by using popular images and icons and incorporating and re-defining them in the art world. Often subjects were derived from advertising and product packaging, hollywood movies, celebrities, and comic strips. The images are presented with a combination of humor, criticism and irony. This celebration of commonplace objects and people of everyday put art into terms of everyday, contemporary life and in this way elevated popular culture to the level of fine art.

Le Dejeuner sur l'herbe

-Luncheon on the Grass -1863 -Manet -it was shocking and considered one of the most scandelous acts in that time -each person is looking at a different direction but the nude women stands out because she is nude and she is again like olympia, staring right at the viewer. The brushstrokes are visible. And again it is flat. (many similarities to Olympia about subject matter and style of painting.)

Modern Art

-art reflects changes in society -modern art falls between 1870-1970 -19th century rapadly changes as result of industrial revolution which effected how people lived worked, ect

Manet

-bridged gap between realism and impressonism -a realist who inspired impressonists (Monet was first real Impressionist) -transitions from paintings that mythical and religous to everyday items and scenes

impressionism

-considered to be first modern art movement -Concentrated in France -spanned over 2 decades in 19th century -aimed to capture a moment and turned away from detailed work -loose brush strokes -lighter color pallet considering the optical effects of light and atmosphere. -painted out of doors to connect directly with their vision of the landscape.

Post-impressionism

-predominantly French art movement -reaction against Impressionism and its concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and color. -continued using vivid colors, a thick application of paint and real-life subject matter, but were more inclined to emphasize and distort geometric forms for an expressive effect and use unnatural and seemingly random colors. -doesn't describe a single style -the movement showed greater concern for expression, form and structure than the Impressionist artists.

photography

-was a major advace in art -benifit towards impressionism -artist fear people wouldn' want art because you could just take a photo -instead of their fears becoming reality, it opened up the posibilities of art because they wern't limited to the restricitions of art

Analytical Cubism

1907-1912 Used monochromatic earth tones, so that the focus would be primarily on the structure.Showed deconstructed objects rearranged on the canvas.

Synthetic Cubism

1913-1920 Introduced collaged objects into the paintings. Featured works composed of fewer and simpler forms in brighter colors.

The Moorish Screen

1921 Daughter and his favorite model Loves to incorporate his love for Textiles Detailed Like to incorporate textiles in his paintings

The Treachery of Images

1929() Says "this is not a pipe" in french Not a pipe because it's a painting of a pipe Making you look deeper into the sort of comical painting The Empire of Lights (1953-1954) Dark objects-light sky Doesn't make sense (just like surrealism is supposed to do)

Autum Rhythm

1950 was a golden year for Jackson Pollock. It was a time where he was at his artistic best and had mastered the drip technique. Surprisingly he abandoned the drip style the following year. Autumn Rhythm, which was originally titled Number 30, is one of his several masterpieces of the drip period. The painting consists of chaotic black, white and brown paint patterns and is known for having no focal point thus rendering every bit equally significant.

ANDY WARHOL

Andy Warhol was an American artist, film director, and producer who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. During the 1960's, at a time when popular culture became a dominant force in both society and the arts, his work explored the relationship between artistic expression, advertising, and celebrity culture. Using the most ordinary of objects and the most popular personalities of American culture, he gave them heroic scale and turned them into art. By combining high art with consumerism he brought modern art to the masses. His work span a variety of media, including painting, silkscreening, photography, film, and sculpture.Warhol's life and work simultaneously satirized and celebrated materiality and celebrity. On the one hand, his paintings of distorted brand images and celebrity faces could be read as a critique of what he viewed as a culture obsessed with money and celebrity. On the other hand, Warhol's focus on consumer goods and pop-culture icons, as well as his own taste for money and fame, suggest a life in celebration of the very aspects of American culture that his work criticized. Did his work in "The factory and many times had other people do it for him"

JEAN-MICHEL BASQUIAT

Born to a Haitian father and a Puerto-Rican mother, Basquiat left his family home in Brooklyn, New York at the age of fifteen and took to the streets. Jean-Michel Basquiat was the first artist of African descent to become an international art star. His diverse cultural heritage was one of his many sources of inspiration. He is considered a Neo-Expressionist painter best known for his primitive style and his collaboration with pop artist Andy Warhol. He emerged from the "Punk" scene in New York as a gritty, street-smart graffiti artist who successfully crossed over from his "downtown" origins to the international art gallery circuit. In a few fast-paced years, Basquiat swiftly rose to become one of the most celebrated, and possibly most commercially exploited American "naif" painters of the widely celebrated Neo-Expressionism art movement. His style was described as nervous, fierce and energetic. His work graduated from subway walls to canvas and from the streets of New York to the galleries of SoHo. Basquiat's work was a mix of his downtown world - the sights, sounds and fashion of the late 70's , early 80's pop-punk scene. Jean-Michel Basquiat died at the age of 27. Although his art career was brief, Jean-Michel Basquiat has been credited with bringing the African-American and Latino experience in the elite art world. Jean-Michel Basquiat had honed his signature painting style of obsessive scribbling, elusive symbols and diagrams, and mask-and-skull imagery by the time he was 20. "I don't think about art while I work," he once said. "I think about li

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon,

Breakout and foundation of cubism Painted in parris Young ladies of Avignon (spain?) I think Assosiated with prostitution (brothal) Confrontational Doctor appointment Continuation of Manet's first modern painting of nude women staring at you Different perspectives at one time! Supposed to be able to see them from different directions and perspectives

CUBISM

Cubism explores creating an illusion of fragmented form upon the two-dimensional surface. Its techniques were developed by two artists, Georges Braque (1882 - 1963) and Pablo Picasso who met in 1907. Working in conjunction, Picasso and Braque began the systematic study of structure, removing bright colors from their compositions, favoring earth tones to better focus on the planes, edges and surfaces of their subject. By deconstructing objects and rearranging them on the canvas, the artists were able to depict different viewpoints simultaneously and suggest the subject could be even be viewed at different points in time. The risk for them as artists was that it confused the viewer without the sense of form often desired by an observer.

DADA

Dada was an artistic and literary movement that began in Zurich and became an international movement. The first anti-art movement created as a movement of protest and arose as a reaction to World War I and the nationalism that many thought had led to the war. The movement had only one rule: Never follow any known rules. The group was barely in favor of itself; they would say, "Dada is anti-Dada". Aiming to both help to stop the war and to vent frustration with the nationalist and bourgeois conventions, the members of this group wanted to express a new mentality and were intent on opposing all norms of the bourgeois culture (person or people from middle class society, considered to have materialistic values, whose political, economic, and social opinions are believed to be determined mainly by concern for property values and respectability). The artists revealed in absurdity and emphasized the role of the unpredictable in artistic creation. It was intended to provoke an emotional reaction from the viewer (typically shock or outrage people out of complacency). -revolutionized the artmaking of the future by making works that generated difficult questions about society, the role of the artist, and the purpose of art

Degas

Degas was a reluctant yet important member of the Impressionist movement. Apart from being a renowned painter and sculptor, he was also a prominent printmaker and draftsman. He is primarily known for his paintings and pastels of ballerinas. He captures the elegance of the dance, however the figures are often in awkward poses and are often cropped from the composition in unconventional ways. Instead of looking posed, he gives the scenes an element of spontaneity. Later in his life he was influenced by Japanese prints for their inventive compositions and point of view. Unusual vantage points and asymmetrical framing are a consistent theme throughout Degas's works, especially in his many paintings and pastels of ballet dancers.

IN ADVANCE OF A BROKEN ARM

Hangs from museum Next to snow shovel, the same thing but it is art, snow shovel is The art is the idea behind that the vewir is making the connections that do not exist

STILL LIFE WITH FRUIT BASKET

He broke everything down into basic shapes.(cone, sphere) Wanted you to understand the basics behind every object Known for constructing with color Different thought with painting Wasn't trying to capture like a picture

Henri Talouse- Lautrec

Henri Toulouse-Lautrec is primarily considered a Post-Impressionist but sits at the earliest part of the movement on the heels of the formal Impressionists. Toulouse-Lautrec is most well known as the artist who designed the legendary posters for the Moulin Rouge, a cabaret nightclub centered in the Parisian neighborhood of Montmartre. He was an aristocrat, alcoholic dwarf whose art was inseparable from his legendary life. His paintings, drawings and posters preserve the energy, mix of classes and cultures, and the highs and lows in 19th century Paris. Toulouse-Lautrec's posters merged fine art with common printing techniques (called lithography) to obscure the line between advertising and fine art and pave the way for future graphic artists.

Olympia

In an attempt to break the rules, Manet dismantled the expectations of the day portraying a female nude subject that is not a goddess, but a real woman - a prostitute at that! The work is purposefully provocative, the woman confronting us with her gaze, which caused shock and outrage among exhibit goers to the point that the painting had to be moved out of reach to protect it from an attack by the public . The woman is painted in a two-dimensional manner with loose and clearly visible brushstrokes instead of a carefully constructed perspective leading the eye deep into the space of the painting. 1865

SURREALISM

The Surrealist movement began in the mid-1920s in France and was born out of an earlier movement called Dadaism from Switzerland. It reached its peak in the 1930s. Surrealism was a literary, philosophical and artistic movement that tried to represent the subconscious mind. The Surrealists sought to channel the unconscious as a means to unlock the power of the imagination allowing artists to forgo conscious thought and embrace chance when creating art. Creating the idea of automatism, the idea that you create without engaging in thinking or planning. Surrealism was a means of reuniting conscious and unconscious realms of experience so completely that the world of dreams and fantasy would be joined to the everyday rational world in "an absolute reality, a surreality." The artwork was filled with familiar objects which were painted to look strange or mysterious. The artists used unnatural or irrational juxtapositions and combinations with no intention of making the work logically comprehensible.

THE TWO FRIDAS

The Two Fridas" (1939) was completed shortly after her divorce from Diego Rivera. This portrait shows Frida's two different personalities. One is the traditional Frida in Tehuana costume, with a broken heart, sitting next to an independent, modern dressed Frida. In Frida's dairy, she wrote about this painting and said it originated from her memory of an imaginary childhood friend. Later she admitted it expressed her desperation and loneliness with the separation from Diego. In this painting, the two Fridas are holding hands. They both have visible hearts and the heart of the traditional Frida is cut and torn open. The main artery, which comes from the torn heart down to the right hand of the traditional Friday, is cut off by the surgical pincers held in the lap of the traditional Frida. The blood keeps dripping on her white dress and she is in danger of bleeding to death. Another artery connects to the full heart of the modern dressed Frida and leads to a miniature portrait of Rivera that she holds her left hand. The stormy sky filled with agitated clouds may reflect Frida's inner turmoil.

JACKSON POLLACK

Jackson Pollack was a polarizing figure in the new art landscape of mid century America. Harold Rosenberg, an art critic, spoke of Pollack's work: "...what was to go on the canvas was not a picture but an event. The big moment came when it was decided to paint 'just to paint'. The gesture on the canvas was a gesture of liberation from value - political, aesthetic, moral." Pollack pioneered abstraction delivering "action painting", through automatic movement that resulted in direct expression or revelation of an artist's unconscious mind. When he began to drip paint onto the canvas, it was deemed genius. His work became so famous in America during the 1950's he had a four page spread in Life Magazine that asked if he was the greatest painter alive. In an interview, he was asked how this came to be and he replied "The method of painting is the natural growth out of need. I want to express my feelings rather that illustrate them... I can control the flow of paint; there is no accident, just as there is no beginning and no end." When asked about his painting technique, he stated "I prefer to tack the unstretched canvas to the hard wall or floor... On the floor, I am more at ease. I feel nearer, more a part of the painting, since this way I can walk around it, and work from the four sides and literally be in the painting." Pollack struggled with alcoholism for most of his life and died prematurely in a car accident at the age of 44.

FAUVISM

Led by Henri Matisse, the Fauvists, as they were called (translated as "wild beasts" from French), used color in entirely different ways than Impressionists. Fauvism was famous for its vivid, non-naturalistic colors that were directly applied to the canvas to express emotion and not as a transcription of nature. "Les Fauves" was a derogatory term given to the group show in 1905 by a critic bewildered by the departure from a more traditional palette. These artists used vigorous brushstrokes and arranged intense color to communicate meaning of their subject.

MARCEL DUCHAMP

Marcel Duchamp challenged the very notion of what art is and insisted that art should be driven by ideas above all. Most famous for his "Readymades", Marcel Duchamp's work and thoughts have altered the definition of the art and our way of understanding it. He insisted that art should be an expression of the mind rather than the eye.

HENRI MATISSE

Matisse was the most important of the Fauvist artists. Giving up his career as a lawyer to become a painter after an early illness, Matisse was influenced heavily by impressionist and post impressionist painters. His signature style came in 1905 as he began to define his work with daring, bright colors and broad brush strokes. He simplified his shapes and arranged his colors to convey his subject's essence. Matisse loved pattern, and pattern within pattern, and incorporated vibrant designs into his paintings pressing the urgency of each brush stroke upon the viewer. Recuperating from surgery and with failing eyesight near the end of his life, Matisse resorted to cutting out paper shapes to create his bold and celebrated collages.

impression sunrise

Monet's Impression, Sunrise was exhibited among the work of other artists also painting with loose brushstrokes and bright colors in a sketchy manner. Taking Monet's painting title as his inspiration, a critic mockingly referred to the exhibition as "The Exhibit of the Impressionists". The term "Impressionist" was meant as an insult and used to imply that the art was just an impression of something and not a completed work.

NEO-EXPRESSIONISM

Neo-expressionism was a movement beginning in the late 70's and continued into the 1980s. turned in expressive directions to create work that affirmed the redemptive power of art in general and painting in particular, Neo-Expressionist artists depicted their subjects in an almost rough and raw manner, typically expressing violent emotion. Young artists had returned to portraying the human body and other recognizable objects in a primitive manner that communicates a sense of inner disturbance, tension, alienation, and ambiguity. The paintings were normally large and created quickly with highly textural and expressive brushwork and intense colors. The artists were more concerned with displaying spontaneous emotion rather than traditional conventions. The Neo-expressionist artists wanted to return to the sensuousness of painting after a decade of the stylistically cool, distant sparseness of the preceding art movements, Minimalism and Conceptualism.