Articular System

what is a point of contact? (3)

2 bones cartilage & bone teeth & bone

What is study of joints?

Arthrology

What is the GH joint?

Articular capsule from gelnoid cavity to anatomical neck

What movements occur at the TMJ?

Depression/Elevation Protraction/Retraction

What are the major wrist joints?

Distal radioulnar joint & radiocarpal joint

Name & describe the two types of accessory ligaments & discs.

Extra-capsular ligament: thickening of fibrous capsule Intra-capsular ligament: inside the articular capsule

T/F All types of synovial joints, but planar are classified as diathroses.

False, ALL synovial joints are diathroses

T/F The shoulder joint and the hip joint are examples of saddle joints.

False, ball-and-socket joint

T/F Condyloid joint is a monoaxial.

False, it's a biaxial

T/F The proximal radial is an example of a condyloid joint.

False, it's a pivot joint

T/F A sprain is an injury to a tendon.

False, strain.

What movement does the IP joint from the hand joints do?

Flex/extend

What movements occur at the shoulder joint?

Flex/extend adduction/abduction medial/lateral rotation circumduction

What are the movements of the hinge joints?

Flex/extend hypertension

When the TMJ is dislocated what happens to the mouth?

It remains open.

What is a key feature of the TMJ?

One movable joint in the skull

What are common joint injuries (4)?

Sprain Strain Dislocation Cartilage damage

The functions of an articular capsule is divided into two region separate. -secretes synovial fluid containing slippery hyaluronic acid -brings nutrient to articular capsule -provides stability

Synovial Membrane secretes synovial fluid containing slippery hyaluronic acid brings nutrient to articular capsule Fibrous Capsule provides stability

What type(s) of joint is the TMJ?

Synovial joint hinge planar

What does the TMJ stand for?

Temporomandibular joint

T/F The intertarsal joints are an example of planar joints.

True

T/F The planar joints have no rotation due to ligaments.

True

What defines a TMJ?

condylar process of the mandible mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of temporal bone

What is the characteristic of a hinge joint?

convex surface fits into concave surface of 2nd bone

When you open your jaw that is called __________. When you close your jaw that is called __________.

depression elevation

What does the RCL prevent from occuring?

excessive ulnar deviation

what are the three structural classifications of joints?

fibrous cartilaginous synovial

What kind of joint is syndesmoses in the forearm/lower leg? Why?

fibrous and because its held together by a thick ligament that is slightly movable

What kind of joint is a suture in the skull? How do you know?

fibrous joint and because it has a thin layer of dense tissue

What kind of joint is gomphoses? Why?

fibrous joint because it hold the teeth in place by ligaments holding cone-shaped peg in bony immovable socket

What characteristics does a planar joint have?

flat or slightly curved

What movements occur at humeroulnar joint?

flex/extend

What movements does the MCP joint from the hand joints do?

flex/extend adduction/abduction

What are the movements of a the radiocarpal joint?

flex/extend adduction/abduction circumduction

What is a bursae?

fluid-filled sac like extensions of the joint capsule

What is a synovial joint?

general stereotypical joint

The shoulder joint is also called the _______________.

glenohumeral

What are the major hand joints?

intercarpal joints carpometacarpal (CMC) metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Interphalangeal (IP)

Name the defining characteristics of a synovial joint (6)

joint cavity articular cartilage articular capsule synovial fluid accessory ligaments & discs articular discs

What does the synovial fluid do in a synovial joint?

joint lubrication shock absorption suppply O2 and nutrients to articular cartilage separates bones

What is the study of motion?

kinesiology

The MCP joint from the hand joints is also known as _______________.

knuckles

What are the types of synovial joints (6)?

planar joints saddle joints pivot joints ball-and-socket joints hinge joints condyloid joints

What is a key feature of the wrist & hand joints?

provides stability

What are the key ligaments for humeroulnar joints?

radial annular ligament collateral ligaments

What is the characteristic of a pivot joint?

rounded surface of bone articulating with ring formed by 2nd bone and ligament

Describe the appearance of a saddle joint.

saddle-shape

What does the articular capsule do in a synovial joint?

secretes synovial fluid containing slippery hyaluronic acid brings nutrient to articular capsule provides stablity

What does the joint cavity do in a synovial joint?

separates articulating bones

What three common injuries of the elbow joint?

tennis elbow golfers elbow dislocation of the radial head

Give two examples of a saddle joint.

trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of the thumb

Give two examples of a condyloid joint?

wrist and metacarpals

Match. 1. intercarpal joints 2. carpometacarpal (CMC) 3. metacarpophalangeal (MCP) 4. Interphalangeal (IP) a) gliding b) hinge c) condyloid

1. a. 2. a. 3. c. 4. b.

What is bursitis?

Chronic inflammation of a bursae

T/F The condyloid joint is monoaxial-- where it allows one roation around longitudinal axis.

False, its the pivot joint

What are the movements of a pivot joint?

Supination Pronation Shake head to say no

Name the key features of a articular capsule?

Surrounds diarthrosis encloses synovial joint and unites articulating bones flexibility & great tensile strength from dislocation of bones it has fat pads

T/F A sprain is an injury to the joint capsule.

True

T/F Ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial.

True

T/F Collateral ligaments maintain integrity of joint.

True

T/F The elbow is an example of a hinge joint.

True

T/F The dislocation of the radial head is mostly common in youth.

True

T/F The joint between C1 and C2 is an example of a pivot joint.

True

T/F, if false correct. Bursae supplies nutrients to joint tissues except articular cartilage which it supplies nutrient from the synovial fluid.

True

What movements does the condyloid have?

adduction/abduction flex/extend

What movements does a ball-and-socket joint have?

adduction/abduction flex/extend rotation

What are the important aspects of rotator cuff muscles?

attach humerus to scapula encircle the joint supporting the capsule hold head of humerus in socket

What is an extrinsic ligament in the hand joint?

attaches between carpal bones and radius or metacarpals

What the RCL in the wrist joint?

attaches from the radial styloid process to the scaphoid bone and a portion of the trapezium bone

Define Ball-and-socket joint?

ball fitting into a cup like depression

What type of synovial joint is the shoulder joint?

ball-and-socket

A saddle joint is ________. a) multi-axial b) mono-axial c) bi-axial d.) none of the above

c) bi-axial

What does the UCL prevent from happening?

excessive radial deviation

What are the important ligaments from the wrist & hand joints?

extrinsic intrinsic RCL (wrist) UCL (wrist)

What are key features of the GH joint?

glenoid labrum deepens socket many bursae nearby (sub-acromial)

What defines the glenohumeral.

head of humerus gland cavity of the scapula

The TMJ contains two types of synovial joints: The _________ below the articular disc and the __________ above the articulation disc.

hinge planar (gliding)

Under what classification of synovial joint would elbow joint be?

hinge joint

What is the radial annular ligament?

holds head of radius in place

What are the three functional classifications of joints?

immovable freely movable slightly movable

What are key features of fibrous joints?

lack synovial cavity the bones held together by fibrous connective tissue little/no movement

Name three distinctions to recognize a cartilaginous joint?

lacks synovial fluid allows little/no movement bones tightly connected by hyaline cartilage/fibrocartilage

What is an intrinsic ligament in the hand joint?

originate and insert on the carpal/metacarpal bones

What are the two layers of the articular capsule?

outer fibrous capsule (ligament) inner synovial membrane (secretes)

What is a condyloid joint?

oval-shaped in oval depression

Distal radioulnar is a __________ (type) joint and the radiocarpal is a __________ (type) joint.

pivot condyloid /ellipsoidal

Purposes of a bursae?

reduce friction

What does the articular cartilage do in a synovial joint?

reduces friction absorbs shock

What kind of movement does the planar joint have?

side to side movement

How does a bursae reduce friction?

skin rubs over bone tendon rubs over bone ligament rubs over bone

The glenohumeral joint sacrafices __________ (stability/mobility) , for ___________ (stability/mobility).

stability mobility

What does the articular discs do in a synovial joint?

subdivide to allow separate movement allow 2 different bones to fit together increase joint stability

What are the movements of the distal radioulnar joint?

supination/pronation

How many types of cartilaginous joints are there? Name and describe.

synchrondroses: immovable & its in hyaline cartilage symphyses: slightly moveable fibrocartilage

What are joints?

they hold bones together, but allow movement

What is the AC joint and what is its key feature?

transverse humeral ligaments holds biceps tendon in place associated ligaments strengthen joint capsule

What are the important aspects of the humeroulnar joint?

trochlea of the humerus trochlear notch of the ulna head of the radius

What are tendon sheaths?

tube like bursae that wrap around tendons

What are the two extrinsic ligaments of the hand joints?

ulnar collateral ligaments radial collateral ligaments

What makes up the intrinsic ligament in the hand joint?

ulnar/radial collateral, MCP, IP, and DIP