Articular System
what is a point of contact? (3)
2 bones cartilage & bone teeth & bone
What is study of joints?
Arthrology
What is the GH joint?
Articular capsule from gelnoid cavity to anatomical neck
What movements occur at the TMJ?
Depression/Elevation Protraction/Retraction
What are the major wrist joints?
Distal radioulnar joint & radiocarpal joint
Name & describe the two types of accessory ligaments & discs.
Extra-capsular ligament: thickening of fibrous capsule Intra-capsular ligament: inside the articular capsule
T/F All types of synovial joints, but planar are classified as diathroses.
False, ALL synovial joints are diathroses
T/F The shoulder joint and the hip joint are examples of saddle joints.
False, ball-and-socket joint
T/F Condyloid joint is a monoaxial.
False, it's a biaxial
T/F The proximal radial is an example of a condyloid joint.
False, it's a pivot joint
T/F A sprain is an injury to a tendon.
False, strain.
What movement does the IP joint from the hand joints do?
Flex/extend
What movements occur at the shoulder joint?
Flex/extend adduction/abduction medial/lateral rotation circumduction
What are the movements of the hinge joints?
Flex/extend hypertension
When the TMJ is dislocated what happens to the mouth?
It remains open.
What is a key feature of the TMJ?
One movable joint in the skull
What are common joint injuries (4)?
Sprain Strain Dislocation Cartilage damage
The functions of an articular capsule is divided into two region separate. -secretes synovial fluid containing slippery hyaluronic acid -brings nutrient to articular capsule -provides stability
Synovial Membrane secretes synovial fluid containing slippery hyaluronic acid brings nutrient to articular capsule Fibrous Capsule provides stability
What type(s) of joint is the TMJ?
Synovial joint hinge planar
What does the TMJ stand for?
Temporomandibular joint
T/F The intertarsal joints are an example of planar joints.
True
T/F The planar joints have no rotation due to ligaments.
True
What defines a TMJ?
condylar process of the mandible mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of temporal bone
What is the characteristic of a hinge joint?
convex surface fits into concave surface of 2nd bone
When you open your jaw that is called __________. When you close your jaw that is called __________.
depression elevation
What does the RCL prevent from occuring?
excessive ulnar deviation
what are the three structural classifications of joints?
fibrous cartilaginous synovial
What kind of joint is syndesmoses in the forearm/lower leg? Why?
fibrous and because its held together by a thick ligament that is slightly movable
What kind of joint is a suture in the skull? How do you know?
fibrous joint and because it has a thin layer of dense tissue
What kind of joint is gomphoses? Why?
fibrous joint because it hold the teeth in place by ligaments holding cone-shaped peg in bony immovable socket
What characteristics does a planar joint have?
flat or slightly curved
What movements occur at humeroulnar joint?
flex/extend
What movements does the MCP joint from the hand joints do?
flex/extend adduction/abduction
What are the movements of a the radiocarpal joint?
flex/extend adduction/abduction circumduction
What is a bursae?
fluid-filled sac like extensions of the joint capsule
What is a synovial joint?
general stereotypical joint
The shoulder joint is also called the _______________.
glenohumeral
What are the major hand joints?
intercarpal joints carpometacarpal (CMC) metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Interphalangeal (IP)
Name the defining characteristics of a synovial joint (6)
joint cavity articular cartilage articular capsule synovial fluid accessory ligaments & discs articular discs
What does the synovial fluid do in a synovial joint?
joint lubrication shock absorption suppply O2 and nutrients to articular cartilage separates bones
What is the study of motion?
kinesiology
The MCP joint from the hand joints is also known as _______________.
knuckles
What are the types of synovial joints (6)?
planar joints saddle joints pivot joints ball-and-socket joints hinge joints condyloid joints
What is a key feature of the wrist & hand joints?
provides stability
What are the key ligaments for humeroulnar joints?
radial annular ligament collateral ligaments
What is the characteristic of a pivot joint?
rounded surface of bone articulating with ring formed by 2nd bone and ligament
Describe the appearance of a saddle joint.
saddle-shape
What does the articular capsule do in a synovial joint?
secretes synovial fluid containing slippery hyaluronic acid brings nutrient to articular capsule provides stablity
What does the joint cavity do in a synovial joint?
separates articulating bones
What three common injuries of the elbow joint?
tennis elbow golfers elbow dislocation of the radial head
Give two examples of a saddle joint.
trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of the thumb
Give two examples of a condyloid joint?
wrist and metacarpals
Match. 1. intercarpal joints 2. carpometacarpal (CMC) 3. metacarpophalangeal (MCP) 4. Interphalangeal (IP) a) gliding b) hinge c) condyloid
1. a. 2. a. 3. c. 4. b.
What is bursitis?
Chronic inflammation of a bursae
T/F The condyloid joint is monoaxial-- where it allows one roation around longitudinal axis.
False, its the pivot joint
What are the movements of a pivot joint?
Supination Pronation Shake head to say no
Name the key features of a articular capsule?
Surrounds diarthrosis encloses synovial joint and unites articulating bones flexibility & great tensile strength from dislocation of bones it has fat pads
T/F A sprain is an injury to the joint capsule.
True
T/F Ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial.
True
T/F Collateral ligaments maintain integrity of joint.
True
T/F The elbow is an example of a hinge joint.
True
T/F The dislocation of the radial head is mostly common in youth.
True
T/F The joint between C1 and C2 is an example of a pivot joint.
True
T/F, if false correct. Bursae supplies nutrients to joint tissues except articular cartilage which it supplies nutrient from the synovial fluid.
True
What movements does the condyloid have?
adduction/abduction flex/extend
What movements does a ball-and-socket joint have?
adduction/abduction flex/extend rotation
What are the important aspects of rotator cuff muscles?
attach humerus to scapula encircle the joint supporting the capsule hold head of humerus in socket
What is an extrinsic ligament in the hand joint?
attaches between carpal bones and radius or metacarpals
What the RCL in the wrist joint?
attaches from the radial styloid process to the scaphoid bone and a portion of the trapezium bone
Define Ball-and-socket joint?
ball fitting into a cup like depression
What type of synovial joint is the shoulder joint?
ball-and-socket
A saddle joint is ________. a) multi-axial b) mono-axial c) bi-axial d.) none of the above
c) bi-axial
What does the UCL prevent from happening?
excessive radial deviation
What are the important ligaments from the wrist & hand joints?
extrinsic intrinsic RCL (wrist) UCL (wrist)
What are key features of the GH joint?
glenoid labrum deepens socket many bursae nearby (sub-acromial)
What defines the glenohumeral.
head of humerus gland cavity of the scapula
The TMJ contains two types of synovial joints: The _________ below the articular disc and the __________ above the articulation disc.
hinge planar (gliding)
Under what classification of synovial joint would elbow joint be?
hinge joint
What is the radial annular ligament?
holds head of radius in place
What are the three functional classifications of joints?
immovable freely movable slightly movable
What are key features of fibrous joints?
lack synovial cavity the bones held together by fibrous connective tissue little/no movement
Name three distinctions to recognize a cartilaginous joint?
lacks synovial fluid allows little/no movement bones tightly connected by hyaline cartilage/fibrocartilage
What is an intrinsic ligament in the hand joint?
originate and insert on the carpal/metacarpal bones
What are the two layers of the articular capsule?
outer fibrous capsule (ligament) inner synovial membrane (secretes)
What is a condyloid joint?
oval-shaped in oval depression
Distal radioulnar is a __________ (type) joint and the radiocarpal is a __________ (type) joint.
pivot condyloid /ellipsoidal
Purposes of a bursae?
reduce friction
What does the articular cartilage do in a synovial joint?
reduces friction absorbs shock
What kind of movement does the planar joint have?
side to side movement
How does a bursae reduce friction?
skin rubs over bone tendon rubs over bone ligament rubs over bone
The glenohumeral joint sacrafices __________ (stability/mobility) , for ___________ (stability/mobility).
stability mobility
What does the articular discs do in a synovial joint?
subdivide to allow separate movement allow 2 different bones to fit together increase joint stability
What are the movements of the distal radioulnar joint?
supination/pronation
How many types of cartilaginous joints are there? Name and describe.
synchrondroses: immovable & its in hyaline cartilage symphyses: slightly moveable fibrocartilage
What are joints?
they hold bones together, but allow movement
What is the AC joint and what is its key feature?
transverse humeral ligaments holds biceps tendon in place associated ligaments strengthen joint capsule
What are the important aspects of the humeroulnar joint?
trochlea of the humerus trochlear notch of the ulna head of the radius
What are tendon sheaths?
tube like bursae that wrap around tendons
What are the two extrinsic ligaments of the hand joints?
ulnar collateral ligaments radial collateral ligaments
What makes up the intrinsic ligament in the hand joint?
ulnar/radial collateral, MCP, IP, and DIP
