A'S CHAPTER 5 QUIZ

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington, D.C. The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today. The work of what psychologist is most relevant to their discussions?

Bandura

Current views of conditioning by psychologists, such as Rescorla, indicate that learning is completely automatic and has nothing to do with cognitive processes.

False

Why does fear caused by punishment make the punishment ineffective in changing behavior?

Fear interferes with the child's ability to learn from the punishment.

Which theorist proposed the cognitive perspective that explains that classical conditioning occurs because of expectancy?

Rescorla

The person most closely associated with research on learned helplessness is ________.In a conditioning experiment, a sound is paired with a brief puff of air to the eye of the rabbit. After several pairings, the rabbit ultimately blinks its eye when it hears the sound. Which of the following is TRUE?

Seligman

Mark and Kathy take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by the cessation of screaming.

Biofeedback training is an application that uses the principles of operant conditioning.

True

Conditioned emotional responses are some of the easiest forms of classical conditioning to accomplish, as demonstrated by the fact that our lives are so full of them.

True

If one presented the conditioned stimulus (such as a metronome) after the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (the food) in Pavlov's learning experiment, little or no classical conditioning would occur.

True

The Law of Effect emphasized that responses were more likely to be made if they were followed by some pleasing consequence.

True

For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen EXCEPT ________.

being reinforced for imitating the model

Skinner was to rats as Thorndike was to ________.

cats

John Watson offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the _________ in his study.

conditioned stimulus

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS, the CR will eventually "die out" in a process called ________.

extinction

In a conditioning experiment, a sound is paired with a brief puff of air to the eye of the rabbit. After several pairings, the rabbit ultimately blinks its eye when it hears the sound. Which of the following is TRUE?

he puff of air serves as the unconditioned stimulus.

Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate at a metronome sound that was paired with a meat stimulus. After the CS-UCS connection was strongly established, Pavlov then presented the dog with several flashes of a light followed by the metronome sound. After a few days, when the light flashes were presented by themselves, the dog salivated. This is an example of ________.

higher-order conditioning

When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS, the effect is known as ________.

higher-order conditioning

While watching the evening news, you see a story about domestic abuse and wonder, "Why would anyone stay in a relationship where they are being abused?" According to Seligman, one factor that may contribute to victims staying in abusive relationships is ________.

learned helplessness

Which type of learning occurs when we observe how other people act?

observational learning

Mary's parents want her to put her books in her bookcase. At first, they praise her for putting the books together in one pile. Then they praise her for getting the books on the same side of the room as the bookcase. When she gets the books on top of the bookcase, she gets praise. Finally, her parents praise her when she puts her books in the bookcase. This is an example of ________.

shaping