ASA review packets

what is the Nucleus function

contains Cell`s DNA and controls growth, metabolism, and reproduction

The two identical copies of each replicated chromosome are called

chromatid

What are homologous chromosomes?

chromosomes that carry the same sets of genes , same structure, and same size

Redness and swelling may develop in an area near a wound. This reaction by the body means that white blood cells are being carried to that area by which of the following?

circulatory system

List the 6 Characteristics of life and define/describe each characteristic.

* Living things are made of cells- Made of one or more cells * Living things obtain and use energy. -Consumer, Producer, Decomposer * Living things grow and develop. -More cells * Living things reproduce. - same species * Living things respond to a stimulus -maintain homeostasis *DNA - Blue print of life

***Biotic means _ living things ***Abiotic means _ nonliving things

***Biotic means _ living things ***Abiotic means _ nonliving things

How many daughter cells are produced through mitosis?

2

A relative of the giraffe called an okapi has 44 chromosomes in its skin cells. How many chromosomes does a female okapi have in her egg cells?

22 chromosomes

During Meiosis, how many daughter cells are produced?

4

The sperm cells of a squirrel have 20 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are found in a body cell of the same animal?

40 chromosomes

A tomato plant has 24 chromosomes in its egg cells. How many chromosomes are found in a leaf cell from the same plant?

48 chromosomes

In cats, black fur is dominant and tan fur is dominant. Heterozygous offspring will be tabby colored. A homozygous tan cat is crossed with a tabby cat. What is the probability of having offspring with tabby fur?

50%

In humans, colorblindness is sex-linked recessive. Normal vision is dominant. What is the probability of these two parents having normal vision male offspring?

50%

.In a breed of dogs, brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue eyes (b), and straight fur (F) is dominant to curly fur (f). What is the probability of having offspring with brown eyes and straight fur?

9/16

Which statement describes only biotic factors in a forest ecosystem?

A bird and a squirrel are living in a tree.

Which statement describes the process of growth within an organism?

A green vine uses energy from the Sun to produce more cells.

Which characteristic of living things does this picture best represent?

All living things require energy in order to survive.

Which statement describes a species variation that could be created by interspecies interactions?

Ants protect acacia trees from grasshoppers that eat their leaves.

Which kingdom includes some organisms that have no nucleus and can live in an environment with extremely high salt content?

Archaebacteria

In Australia, there are many species of organisms found nowhere else on Earth. Which reason best explains why there is a large number of unique organisms in Australia?

Australia has a high level of biodiversity.

In a certain type of flowering plant, the b allele codes for white-flower color, and the B allele codes for blue-flower color. The flowering plant produces a sex cell which includes a b gene. Which of the following best represents a possible genotype present in the parent plant's cells?

Bb

Which statement describes how a plant cell's functions would change in the absence of a vacuole?

Fluid and wastes would not be stored within the cell.

Chromosomes are made of _ ___ wrapped around __________________.

DNA __protein

Some scientists believe that leopard frogs in North America came from a common species. Today, leopard frogs from different parts of the continent can no longer interbreed. Which statement describes the best explanation for this change?

Geographic isolation from other populations can result in unique species.

Which statement can be explained by Mendel's law of dominance?

Heterozygous offspring will exhibit the dominant trait in the phenotype.

A scientist studying the brain examines the above tissue under a microscope. Which statement best identifies a function of this tissue type?

It conducts information from one part of the body to another.

Which statement correctly identifies a function of a chloroplast in eukaryotic cells?

It contains a green pigment, which helps a plant capture energy from sunlight

A scientist examines a structure within a cell that contains a large amount of genetic material. Which statement best identifies this structure's function?

It controls cellular activities.

A walking stick is an insect that looks like a twig from a tree. Which characteristics are best used to classify the walking stick as an animal, and not a plant?

It is mobile, and it is a consumer.

Which characteristic of living things is best described in the figures?

Living things respond to stimuli in their environment.

. Which statement describes a major reproductive difference between plants and animals?

Most plants have both male and female structures; most animals do not.

Which statement describes the beginning and end products of meiosis?

One diploid cell becomes four haploid cells

Plant X and plant Y are the same species. Plant X is placed on a table. Plant Y is placed inside a cardboard box with only a hole at the top to allow light to enter. How will these plants respond to these environmental conditions?

Plant X will bend toward the window, and plant Y will grow upright.

Which statement explains why, in a food chain, plants are called producers and animals are called consumers?

Plants make their own food, and animals eat other organisms.

Which statement best describes how the nervous system helps a person react quickly after stepping on something sharp?

Signals travel on nerves to the spinal cord, which causes a reflex that pulls the foot away.

.A pea plant's cells have one allele for tallness (T) and one for shortness (t). According to Mendel's law of segregation, which alleles could be passed on to the pea plant's sex cells?

T or t

If being tall is dominant to being short, which of the following would be the cross between a homozygous tall individual and a short individual?

TT x tt

Which statement describes an abiotic factor in this ecosystem?

The Sun is shining in the sky.

One parent has blond hair and blue eyes. The other parent has brown hair and brown eyes. The couple has two children with brown hair and blue eyes. According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, which statement identifies how it is possible that the children's features do not match the features of either parent?

The alleles for different traits are distributed separately to the children.

Which statement correctly describes how chromosomes function in an organism?

The codes in chromosomes determine what proteins the cells will produce.

Which statement describes biotic and abiotic factors in the pond ecosystem?

The ecosystem contains sand on the pond bottom and plants on the shore.

Which statement describes why an offspring and its mother share many common traits?

The mother provided half of the offspring's chromosomes.

Which statement best describes a characteristic of the organisms in kingdom Animalia?

They are classified by how they move and obtain food

A group of students learned that there are many types of bacteria living inside their bodies. These bacteria are considered part of the biotic environment. Which statement best explains why?

They are living organisms.

Which statement correctly describes all living things?

They are made up of at least one cell.

Which characteristic describes all members of Kingdom Plantae and some members of Kingdom Protista?

They contain chloroplasts.

How does the number of chromosomes in egg and sperm cells at the end of meiosis compare with that in body cells?

They have half the number of chromosomes.

Which statement does not describe a possible function of chromosomes?

They provide a cell with energy.

Why must a cell be small?

To efficiently get nutrients in and wastes out

Which statement correctly identifies a difference between the function of most arteries and veins?

Veins carry blood to the heart, whereas arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Plants require moisture, oxygen, carbon dioxide, light, and minerals for growth. These requirements are best described as

biotic factors.

The region where two chromatids are held together is the

centromere

Which tissue in the skeletal system cushions the area where two bones meet?

cartilage

Even on a windy day, most plants can remain upright. Which structure plays the greatest role in providing a plant with this type of support?

cell wall

A student puts soil in the bottom of a jar, plants a seed, adds water, and puts a lid on the jar. The seed sprouts, but the plant soon dies. Which characteristic of life is most limited by the closed lid of the jar?

exchange of gases

Which nucleic acids are present in both DNA and RNA?

guanine and adenine

Which trait is not determined by chromosomes?

hair length

Which pair of characteristics is common to all living things?

having one or more cells and having the ability to reproduce

Pea plants can have either purple or white flowers. According to Mendel's law of dominance,which factor determines the flower color in an offspring plant?

if the color trait received is dominant or recessive

Eukaryotic Cell

is a cell that has a nucleus

Prokaryotic Cell

is a cells that does not have a nucleus

About ten thousand years ago, environmental changes separated some individuals of a squirrel population to one side of the Grand Canyon. Today, these squirrels show a white tail and black belly. Their ancestors exhibited gray tails and white bellies. This difference in fur coloring most likely

is evidence of speciation due to geographical isolation.

Which organ is not functioning properly if an individual is unable to compact waste or reabsorb liquid from undigested food?

large intestine

A patient is having trouble reabsorbing excess water from the digestive system. The first organ the doctor will most likely examine is the

large intestine.

Many particles, such as dust, are inhaled when people breathe. Which part of the respiratory system filters out the majority of these particles?

nose

A scientist wanted to study a cell which lacked the structure that contains the materials needed to control cell activities. Which structure would need to be missing from the cell for this study to take place?

nucleus

The ability to respond to environmental stimuli is observed in

plants.

Which of these best identifies biotic factors in a forest environment?

producers, consumers, and decomposers; including wildflowers, deer, songbirds, and mushrooms

Which characteristic common to living things is evidenced by the formation of the egg in the butterfly life cycle?

production of new offspring

Abiotic factors in an environment include all of the

rocks, water, sunlight, nutrients, climates, and other nonliving characteristics

What kind of cells are produced during meiosis?

sex cells or gametes

Which organ contains smooth muscle tissue?

stomach

What are organelles?

structures that perform specific functions within the cell

How do the daughter cells compare to the original cell?

they are identical

Study the genetic code below. A T G C A C C A T G In order for this code to represent a piece of RNA, which base must be replaced by uracil?

thymine

Why must cells, tissues, and organs all work together in the body ?

to keep the body alive - homeostasis

Sometimes when people eat, the food accidentally enters a tube near the beginning of the respiratory system instead of the digestive system. This causes a person to cough. In which part of the respiratory system can food sometimes get stuck and cause difficulty in breathing?

trachea

A DNA molecule is being transcribed onto a RNA molecule. The next base to be transcribed on the DNA sequence is adenine. Which base will be the complement in the RNA molecule?

uracil

The birth of a baby indicates that a fertilized egg developed in which of these structures?

uterus

As blood flows to the heart from the toes and fingers, it travels mainly through tissue called

veins.

DESCRIBE the 5 major molecules that are found in all living things

• Proteins - Large molecules made out of amino acids •Carbohydrates- molecules made of sugar give you energy •Lipids - Fat •ATP- Energy •Nucleic Acids- DNA and RNA

What are the 4 Necessities of Life?

•Food •Water •Air •A place to live