ASD

A new mother tells you that she is concerned about having her child vaccinated because it could cause autism. What is the best response to this mother?

"There is no causal relationship between vaccines and ASD. In fact, the article suggesting vaccines were a cause was retracted."

A paraprofessional comes to you, the special education supervisor, with an interest in trying a new intervention with a student he works with who has ASD. As he begins explaining the intervention and the various picture symbols intended to support the student's transitioning from one subject to another, it becomes clear that he found this intervention from a blog online. How should you respond to this paraprofessional?

Although the intention and motivation are appreciated, it is important that we use only evidence-based interventions."

One of the controversies surrounding the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for individuals with autism spectrum disorder is that ______.

CAM is not an evidence-based treatment, and families can only rely on case reports and anecdotes to learn about their efficacy

Which of the following accurately describes the standard evaluation process for autism spectrum disorder?

Evaluation is characterized by two steps: developmental screening and comprehensive evaluation.

How did the earliest interpretation of autism, offered by Leo Kanner (1943), differ from the definition posed by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004?

It was loosely connected with schizophrenia; IDEA distinguished autism as its own category.

A colleague has come to you, a resource specialist, looking for a low-tech assistive technology that would allow one of their students with ASD to communicate through the use of pictures rather than verbal sentences. They would also like a solution that can keep a visual schedule for the student. What assistive technology should you recommend?

PECS book

A mental health professional is meeting with a parent to discuss the evaluation process for their four-year-old child who has displayed symptoms suggestive of ASD. The clinician explains that the team will be relying on a tool known as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2). The parent expresses doubt that their child can focus on testing or sit still long enough to take a test. How could the clinician help the parent better understand the situation?

Point out that the ADOS-2 is a play-based assessment, so it will be well-suited to the child's needs.

Why would the curriculum used in preschools catering to students with autism spectrum disorder be less structured than those used in schools catering to older students?

The needs and abilities of preschool children with ASD are so wide ranging that the curriculum must adapt to target them appropriately.

What is a flaw of most screening tools for autism spectrum disorders?

They fail to detect mild cases.

You are a physician working to assess a two-year-old boy to determine whether he has autism spectrum disorder. As part of your assessment, you have provided the boy's caregivers with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers. What is the most likely reason you include this tool?

You learn that the two-year-old boy has a sibling with ASD, which puts them at high risk for having it.

Emelia was diagnosed as having Asperger syndrome when she was in elementary school. Based on this, it is most likely that Emelia has ______.

average to high intellectual ability

What is a unique social challenge of individuals with autism spectrum disorder that can hinder the development of interpersonal relationships?

being unable to recognize, reciprocate, or factor in the feelings of others

A family therapist is working with a mother and her two children, DeShaun and Jalaya. Jalaya was diagnosed with ASD a year ago, and the mother has since noticed DeShaun often gets frustrated by Jalaya's lack of response and repetitive actions. She states that she explained Jalaya's condition to DeShaun when she was first diagnosed but worries he doesn't understand ASD well. What is the most productive solution available to the therapist?

coaching the mother on guiding frequent discussions about ASD that are appropriate for DeShaun's age group

A child with ASD uses a prompting device. What are the prompts related to?

completing a task

What sign, if present, in an infant may indicate the presence of autism spectrum disorder?

delayed onset of babbling past 9 months

What is the first step in establishing early intervention for a young child with autism spectrum disorder?

developing an individualized family service plan that looks at the needs and strengths of the child

Programs that have the greatest impact for preschool children with ASD involve a combination of ______ services.

developmental and behavioral

A primary cause of autism is lack of affection demonstrated by the mother.

false

ASD is most commonly seen in Black males.

false

Leo Kanner's initial 1943 description of autism noted individuals with this condition commonly engage in repetitive, restrictive activities and movements.

false

The primary area of the brain that is affected in those with ASD is the cerebellum.

false

When a child receives an official diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, most parents experience strong feelings of confusion, frustration, and anger.

false

It is important that the instructional programs designed to serve individuals with autism spectrum disorder emphasize ______.

functional communication and social skills development

When is a student with autism spectrum disorder most likely to demonstrate appropriate behaviors?

in extremely structured and predictable situations

Which is a characteristic of a child with ASD?

intense attachment to inanimate objects

With regard to the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder, the number of ASD cases ______.

is currently increasing

Benicio's son Javier has recently been referred for further evaluation with a suspected diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Javier can perform developmentally appropriate tasks and activities of daily living but reacts so poorly to broken rules and unpleasant sensory experiences that he can't calm down on his own. As the diagnostician, what DSM-5 specification would you likely include as part of Javier's diagnosis?

level 1

A medical professional thinks that a child may have ASD. To make this diagnosis, the medical professional will ______.

observe the child's behavioral symptoms

Which symptom of autism did Leo Kanner use to distinguish autism from schizophrenia?

profound desire for aloneness

In the first clinical description of autism, Leo Kanner focused on abnormalities in ______.

relating to others

Which of the following is a characteristic of someone described as an autistic savant?

specialized skills in one area

What is the purpose behind instructional programs geared toward individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

to maximize the individual's independence and their successful integration in the community

It is estimated that half of all children diagnosed with ASD will not develop functional speech or useful language.

true

Many assistive devices that are used by those with ASD today use mobile technology.

true

The IDEA definition of autism has a diagnostic criterion for children over the age of three. True

true

The evidence for genetic contributions in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder is indisputable.

true

Under the DSM-5 definition of autism, disorders such as Asperger's syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder were consolidated under the umbrella of autism spectrum disorder.

true

You are a preschool teacher, and one of your students has ASD. After lunch, you usually take the class outside to play. What is something that the student with ASD is at greater risk for during these play periods?

wandering off