Asian Studies Chapter 7 Test

What's the Rig Veda?

1,028 different hymns to Aryan gods. Foundation of the Hinduism. Most well preserved and instructions to preform rituals

What are the Aryan social classes? Castes?

1. Brahmans (priests, academics) Spiritual Caste 2. Kshatriyas (warriors, Kings) Political Caste 3. Vaisya (landowners, merchants, herders, business) Economic Caste 4. Sudra (servant, peasant) Working Caste

How many people practice Hinduism toady?

15 percent of the population. 1.2 billion people

Whats' the current culture like within the Indus-River Valley today?

Aryan culture merged with with Indus-River Valley

What religion is still apart today as it was in the ancient civilizations?

Aryan; Vedas

What's a village?

Basic social unit. Self-sufficient

Who did the Indus river valley people trade with?

People in the Middle East Carried goods from Harappa to Sumer

What's cultural convergence?

2 cultures merge together

What was the mature period of the Indus-River Valley?

2500BC—1000BC

How many people live within the Indus-River Civilization?

5 million

What type of people lived within 15,000BC—4,000BC ?

Agricultural Revolution—farming/domestication of animals, agriculture surplus of food=higher population, sedentary, diffusion of labor=urban centers/city-states

What type of culture has the monsoon seasons influenced?

Art and Literature

What did they grow in the Indus River Valley?

Barley, Wheat, Peas, Sesame, Cotton Cattle, Sheep, Goats, and Water Buffaloes, Chickens

Where's the Aryans homeland most likely?

Between Caspian and Aral Seas

What did the Aryan respect greatly? What were they used for?

Cattle measured their wealth because they gave milk, yogurt, cheese, fertilization

What do the cities look like in the Indus River Valley?

Cities laid out carefully. Straight streets that formed checkerboard pattern, walled fortress protected the city, special ware houses held food/supplies, separate districts for homes/public buildings

What was found in the Indus River Valley? What do scholars think they were used for? What was found on them?

Clay seals. Scholar unable to decipher them. Think they might have been used to identify the gods. Pictographic writing and figures of animals on them.

What is the weather/climate and land type like in the Northern Mountains/Western Ghats?

Cold, tropical. Wet

Why is cultural diversity an issue?

Different languages pose as a challenge to the government and neighborhoods.

What's the Indo-Europeans language?

Different tribes had different languages. Their language had modern impact English, Spanish, German, Hindi, Sanskrit, Italian, Greek, Persian

What is built to help refugees out?

Dikes and cyclone shelters

Why do civilizations collapse/fail?

Disease, weak government, climate change, natural disaster, mismanagement of resources, migration

What is the weather/climate and land type like in the Deccan?

Drier. Moister blocked by the mountains. Low trees and scattered grasses

What are Steppes?

Dry grasslands north of Caucasus Mountains

Irrigation is used during what season? How?

Dry season. Used water from rivers or dig wells

What type of soil does the Indo-Gangetic Plain have?

Fertile

How are people separated in Asia?

Geographical feature

Who's Indra?

God of war

Who's Varuna?

Governed workings of universe

What are the two major cities in the Indus-River Valley?

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

What else is the Indus-River Valley refers to as?

Harappan

Where was the first evidence found of the Indus-River Civilization?

Harappan

What period was 3500BC ?

Harappan Period, Indus-River Valley

What is the weather/climate and land type like South of Himalayas?

Heavy rainfall, wet. Tropical

What is the weather/climate and land type like on the West coast?

Heavy rainfall. Rainforests

What's a Rajah?

Hereditary leaders, aided by council. Tend t be the oldest person

What are the 3 changes that resulted from agriculture?

Higher population. City-states formed. Specialization of labor. Food supply increased, farming.

What religious beliefs are most commonly practiced in India?

Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists

What type of people lived within 15,000BC ?

Hunter-gathers—nomadic(followed animals) Scavenger for plant life, Small tribes/Population

What was the Aryan's religion made up of?

Hymns, prayers, and rituals used within religious ceremonies

Identify, Define, Importance, and Examples Caste?

Identify Define Importance Examples

Identify, Define, Importance, and Examples of Rajah?

Identify Define Importance Examples

Identify, Define, Importance, and Examples of Varna?

Identify Define Importance Examples

Identify, Define, Importance, and Examples of Decipher?

Identify Define: unable to determine the meaning Importance: scholar are unable to figure out the meaning of some objects found within the Indus-River Valley Examples: Indus-River Valley language

Identify, Define, Importance, and Examples of Subcontinent?

Identify: Define Importance Examples

Identify, Define, Importance, and Examples of Dialect?

Identify: Languages similar but not the same as a major language Define: regional version of a language with it's own words, expressions and pronunciations. Importance: All these different dialects and languages within India can cause issues within in understanding and communicating between governments and neighborhoods. Examples: Hindi can be spoken in different ways. For example Hindi in Bihar or Hindi in Himachal Pradesh

Identify, Define, Importance, and Examples of Monsoon?

Identify: Wet monson arrives in late May/early June. October is dry monsoon season. Defintion: seasonal wind that dominates climate of South Asia Importance: key to life od farmer in South Asia. Wet monsoon is when they plant the seeds so they can take root beofre the downpoor begins. If monsoon brings too much rain crops will wash away and cause famine. Examples: The wet monsoon of summer and the dry monsoon of winter

What is Sedentary?

Someone inactive. Living in the same place throughout life. Not migratory

What are refugee's?

Someone who has no safe place to go

What are reasons why groups of people migrate?

Invasions, climate change, find more/better land, lack of resources

What are the major natural resources available in India?

Iron ore, manganese, bauxite, copper.

Why do you think the cow is so sacred to Aryans?

It produces food products Clothing Could think of them as some of the gods Don't kill cow for food; disturb them cause they need to eat so they can produce milk Poop and urine are pure cause it's fertilization

What is nomadic?

Living life of a nomad, wandering. Traveling, moving, constantly moving

What's a physical map?

Locations of genes and other DNA sequences of interest. Geography

What did the Aryans do for the gods? How? What did the gods give them?

Made sacrifices around gods on open-aired alters by sending food and rink to them. If done right gods would give them wealth, healthy kids, long life, success in war

Who did the Aryans worship?

Many gods

Where did people migrate from to help create South Asia?

Middle East, Europe, Asia

What are the dangers of the monsoon season?

Monsoon bring too much rain which will overflow and wash away crops. This can cause famine Can cause land slides and erosion Can cause flooding. Bangladesh is hit the hardest with flooding because land is barley above sea level. Can bring cyclones.

What are the Caucasus?

Mountains between Black and Caspian Seas

Who are Aryans?

Nomadic, warlike

What's the population of Asia?

Over 1.3 billion

How many languages does India have? What is he official language?

Over 700. Hindi

Why is Bangladesh one of the poorest nations in the world?

Over population. Bangladesh is more of the most populated nations in the world.

What is a Revolution?

Over throw a government or social order in favor of a new system. Get rid of old ways and invert new ways

Where is the Indus-River Valley Civilization today?

Present day Pakistan

What did the Vedas do?

Preserved culture

What cultural diversity i throughout South Asia?

Religion and Language

How was Aryan's religion learned? What did they create off of that?

Religious beliefs passed down by words from generation to generation. Developed written language Sanskrit

What's a political map?

Represents countries, states, and towns

What type of social class in the Aryan social classes? What are the classes called?

Rigid system based on birth. Called 4 Varna

What's a civilization?

Stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered most advanced. Advance centers, large population, diffusion of labor, organized government/leadership, foreign/domestic trade, complex social organization, religious beliefs/spiritual beliefs, customs and traditions, arts and literature, advanced technology Culture Languages and Record Keeping

Why is the Indus-River Civilization a civilization?

Standard structures/bricks Weights and units of measurement Same symbols Were great builders Defensive structures Tech advanced civilization Intercit jewelry

What else did archeologists find in the Indus-River Valley? What might it have been used for?

Statues of women and animals. Women—might have been to worship mother god Animals—might have religious meaning

What are the Aryans successful with?

Success due to weapons Skilled charioteers

What was collected as taxes in the Indus-River Valley?

Taxes are in the form of food

What were the possibilities of the decline of the Indus River Valley Civilization?

Tectonic shift—earthquakes, floods, plates moving Decline in—agricultural output can cause less of everything Climate change—monsoon winds shift, migration(had more evidence), river could have changed course, exhausted soil

What did the Aryans contribute to the Indus-River Valley?

The final collapse of the Indus River Valley

What issue does Bangladesh have with refugees?

Too poor to build enough cyclone shelters to protect all parts of the country

What was the Aryan's Religious tradition?

Vedas

What period was 1750BC ?

Verdic Period. Arrival of Indo-Europeans(Aryans)

What are results when people migrate to another area?

War or merging(diffusion) of cultures, trade, use up all resources

What is weather?

What is happening in the atmosphere

What is climate?

What the weather is like over a long period of time

What are the causes and effects of the monsoon seasons?

When wet season arrives in late May/early June to about September. The land heats up causing it to rise across land bringing humid temperature and heavy rainfall. Once warm wind starts to rise cool air pushes across the land bringing the dry monsoon season from October-April. Once the cool air starts to sink the wind blows the cool air back to the sea And brings back the wet season of summer.

What is a city-state?

Where independent sovereign city serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its continuous territories

What are cyclones?

Whip waves that submerge land and take lives. Very high winds (150mph)

Who are the Indo-Europeans?

a group of nomadic people who may have come from the steppes. Pastoral (she, goat, cow herders) Horse taming and warrior people.

What was the government like in the Indus River Valley? Why?

probably well organized cause able to enforce building codes