Assignment 9 (Module 9/Ch 12)

Rank the following approaches from most emphasizes adequate nutrition to least emphasizes: 1. fortified foods 2. diet rich in vitamins and minerals 3. individual supplement 4. multi-vitamin and mineral supplement

2, 1, 4, 3

From the following, select all of the nutrients that are considered to be antioxidants: a. vitamin E b. beta-carotene c. vitamin C d. niacin

a, b, c

Which of the following are included in the criteria for a compound to be classified as a vitamin? Select all that apply: a. The body can't make the substance or cannot make a sufficient quantity b. The body can't synthesize enough of the compound to maintain health c. absence of the compound from the diet for a defined period produced deficiency symptoms that, if caught in time, are quickly cured when the substance is resupplied d. a synthetic version of the compound must be able to be used as a pharmacological agent

a, b, c

Nutrient supplementation may be necessary for which of the following people? Select all that apply: a. Vegans b. Active individuals who eat a nutritionally varied diet c. Individuals with allergies or a medical condition causing them to limit intake from certain food groups d. Women with excessive bleeding during menstruation or who are pregnant

a, c, d

Identify terms and phrases that can be used to define the term "vitamin": a. essential b. non-essential c. organic d. non-organic e. needed in small amounts in the diet f. provide energy g. not a source of energy h. have a single chemical form i. aid in energy metabolism j. are needed in large amounts in the diet k. aid in the growth, development, and maintenance of body tissues l. are not used in the growth, development, and maintenance of body tissues

a, c, e, g, i, k

Some vitamins have overlapping functions in the body, while others have distinct functions. Match the vitamin with its unique property: 1. is important for vision 2. maintains skeletal health 3. is an antioxidant 4. activates blood clotting factors

1. vitamin A; 2. vitamin D; 3. vitamin E; 4. vitamin K

Excessive intake of fat-soluble vitamins can cause toxicity-related side effects. Match the fat-soluble vitamin with the potential side effect when that fat-soluble vitamin is taken in excessive quantities: 1. hypercalcemia 2. birth defects 3. hemorrhaging 4. hemolytic anemia

1. vitamin D; 2. vitamin A; 3. vitamin E; 4. vitamin K

Match the vitamin's function in the body to its corresponding vitamin: 1. increases calcium and phosphorous deposition in bones 2. is important for vision 3. assists with blood clotting 4. donates electrons to neutralize free radicals

1. vitamin D; 2. vitamin A; 3. vitamin K; 4. vitamin E

Shelby had lunch with friends. She had 3 oz. baked salmon, 1/2 cup brown rice, 1/2 cup of green beans, 1 cup fat-free milk, and 1 small orange. What part of her meal provided the most vitamin D? a. baked salmon b. brown rice c. green beans d. fat-free milk

a. baked salmon

Plant oils are a source of which vitamin? a. vitamin E b. vitamin D c. vitamin K d. vitamin A

a. vitamin E

These are good sources of which fat-soluble vitamin: sunflower oil, almonds, safflower oil, and avocado a. vitamin E b. vitamin A c. vitamin K d. vitamin D

a. vitamin E

Trey had lunch with his friends. He had 1 cup of fat-free milk, a peanut butter and jelly sandwich on whole-wheat bread, 1/2 cup carrots, and 15 grapes. What part of his meal provided the most vitamin E? a. fat-free milk b. peanut butter c. whole-wheat bread d. carrots

b. peanut butter

These are good sources of which fat-soluble vitamin: sweet potato, beef liver, carrots, apricot a. vitamin E b. vitamin A c. vitamin K d. vitamin D

b. vitamin A

Fortified milk is a source of which vitamin? a. vitamin E b. vitamin D c. vitamin K d. vitamin A

b. vitamin D

Put the process of the digestion and absorption of vitamins into the correct order: 1. water-soluble vitamins are absorbed in the small intestine and released directly into the blood 2. bile produced in the liver (and stored in the gallbladder) aids in fat-soluble vitamin absorption 3. digestive processes in the stomach begin the release of vitamins from food 4. small amounts of vitamin K are made by bacteria in the ileum of the small intestine and in the large intestine 5. digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas aid in the release of vitamins from food 6. fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed in the small intestine, along with dietary fat, and carried by chylomicrons into the lymphatic circulation

3, 5, 2, 6, 1, 4

Put the vitamin A-containing foods in order of highest vitamin A (mcg RAE) content (1) to lowest vitamin A content (4): 1. 1/2 cup canned pumpkin 2. 1/2 cup cooked carrots 3. 1 cup fat-free milk with vitamin A 4. 3 oz beef liver

4, 1, 2, 3

Categorize each of the following statements to indicate if they pertain to deficiency, normal function, or toxicity of vitamin D: 1. bowed legs 2. hypercalcemia 3. bone demineralization 4. joint pain 5. rickets 6. immune function 7. kidney dysfunction 8. cell cycle regulation 9. maintenance of blood calcium and phosphorous concentrations 10. fractures 11. osteomalacia

Deficiency: 1, 5, 10, 11 Normal: 6, 8, 9 Toxicity: 2, 3, 4, 7

Categorize each of the following statements to indicate if they pertain to deficiency, normal function, or toxicity of vitamin K: 1. synthesis of blood clotting factors 2. prolonged use of antibiotics increased risk 3. hemorrhage 4. a synthetic form can cause hemolytic anemia 5. newborns are at increased risk 6. synthesis of bone proteins

Deficiency: 2, 3, 5 Normal: 1, 6 Toxicity: 4

Categorize each of the following statements to indicate if they pertain to deficiency, normal function, or toxicity of vitamin E: 1. hemorrhage 2. maintenance of cell membrane 3. impaired immune function 4. neurological changes in the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system 5. prevention of damage induced by free radicals 6. hemolytic anemia 7. increased risk for people taking daily aspirin or anticoagulant medications

Deficiency: 3, 4, 6 Normal: 2, 5 Toxicity: 1, 7

Categorize each of the following statements to indicate if they pertain to deficiency, normal function, or toxicity of vitamin A: 1. cell differentiation and gene expression 2. fetal malformation 3. blindness 4. gastrointestinal upsets/nausea 5. normal growth and development 6. night blindness 7. synthesis of rhodopsin for the visual cycle 8. headaches 9. xerophthalmia 10. follicular hyperkeratosis 11. liver damage 12. immunity

Deficiency: 3, 6, 9, 10 Normal: 1, 5, 7, 12 Toxicity: 2, 4, 8, 11

Tracy had lunch with her friends. She had 3 ounces baked chicken, 1 small baked potato, 1/2 cup steamed broccoli, and 1/2 cup steamed carrots. What part of her meal provided the most vitamin K? a. baked chicken b. baked potato c. steamed broccoli d. steamed carrots

c. steamed broccoli

Dark green leafy vegetables are a source of which vitamin? a. vitamin E b. vitamin D c. vitamin K d. vitamin A

c. vitamin K

These are good sources of what fat-soluble vitamin: turnip greens, brussels sprouts, spinach, and asparagus a. vitamin E b. vitamin A c. vitamin K d. vitamin D

c. vitamin K

Which designation on a supplement label indicates that it has met the standards for strength, quality, purity, packaging, labeling, solubility, and storage life? a. Organic b. EPA c. FDA d. USP

d. USP

Orange vegetables are a source of which vitamin? a. vitamin E b. vitamin D c. vitamin K d. vitamin A

d. vitamin A

These are good sources of what fat-soluble vitamin: cod liver oil, salmon, eel, and tuna a. vitamin E b. vitamin A c. vitamin K d. vitamin D

d. vitamin D

Characteristics of __________-soluble vitamins: - vitamins that travel with dietary fats through the bloodstream - vitamins that are stored mostly in the liver and fatty tissues - vitamins A, D, E

fat

Characteristics of __________-soluble vitamins: - vitamins that are readily excreted from the body - vitamins that are absorbed directly into the bloodstream - vitamins that include the B vitamins and vitamin C

water