Assignments 5 & 6 -- BIO 115 (Canning)

How many codons specify amino acids [A] 20 [B] 23 [C] 45 [D] 60 [E] 61

61

Imagine that a novel life form is found deep within Earth's crust. Evaluation of its DNA yields no surprises. However, it is found that a codon for this life form is just two bases in length. How many different amino acids could this organism be composed of [A] 4 [B] 8 [C] 16 [D] 32 [E] 64

16

Watson and Crick's model of the structure of DNA was published in [A] 1975. [B] 1949. [C] 1953. [D] 1961. [E] 1923.

1953

The energy to move chromosomes during mitosis is provided by [A] centrioles. [B] DNA polymerization. [C] migration of the centrosomes. [D] formation of the cell plate. [E] ATP.

ATP

What is the function of DNA in translation? [A] Ribosomes bind DNA to "read" codons during translation. [B] RNA polymerase uses the codons of DNA to align amino acids in translation. [C] DNA is not directly involved. [D] DNA processes the mRNA after transcription and before translation. [E] DNA is the enzyme for protein synthesis.

DNA is not directly involved

The packaging of proteins to be used outside the cell occurs in the [A] nucleus [B] SER [C] Golgi apparatus [D] chromoplast

Golgi apparatus

What is one of the ways that RNA is different from DNA? [A] RNA nucleotides do not have the base U (uracil). [B] Unlike DNA, RNA does not participate in translation. [C] RNA nucleotides do not have the base A (adenine). [D] RNA is found in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus. [E] RNA is made of amino acids, not nucleotides.

RNA is found in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus

Which of the following is a stop codon [A] UAA [B] UGC [C] UAC [D] UUA [E] UGG

UAA

Information sources used by Watson and Crick to determine the structure of DNA included [A] electron micrographs of individual DNA molecules. [B] light micrographs of bacteriophage particles. [C] light micrographs of individual bacteria chromosomes. [D] nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of DNA. [E] X-ray crystallography of double-stranded DNA.

X-ray crystallography of double-stranded DNA

What is a codon? [A] a segment of a chromosome that encodes an RNA [B] three amino acids in a row in a protein [C] a sequence in DNA that is the binding site for RNA polymerase [D] a base sequence of mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid [E] three genes in a bacterium that are all regulated together

a base sequence mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called [A] an anticodon. [B] an advantage. [C] a codon. [D] a translation. [E] a mutation.

a mutation

Watson and Crick's model allowed them to visualize [A] the molecular bonds of DNA. [B] how the purines and pyrimidines fit together in a double helix. [C] that the two strands of the DNA double helix were antiparallel. [D] All of the above

all of the above

Which of the following organelles are enclosed in double membranes [A] Nucleus [B] Chloroplast [C] Mitochondrion [D] All of the above

all of the above

The cell membrane is very similar to the membranes of which of the following? [A] the nucleus [B] the Golgi complex [C] the endoplasmic reticulum [D] All of the above are similar to the cell membrane. [E] None of the above are similar to the cell membrane; these are organelles.

all of the above are similar to the cell membrane

Which statement about translation is not true [A] It is RNA-directed polypeptide synthesis. [B] An mRNA molecule can be translated by only one ribosome at a time. [C] The same genetic code operates in almost all organisms and organelles. [D] Any ribosome can be used in the translation of any mRNA. [E] There are both start and stop codons.

an mRNA molecule can be translated by only one ribosome at a time

Microfilaments [A] are composed of polysaccharides. [B] are composed of actin. [C] allow cilia and flagella to move. [D] make up the spindle that aids the movement of chromosomes. [E] maintain the position of the chloroplast in the cell.

are composed of actin

Microfilaments differ from microtubules in that microfilaments [A] form the inner core of cilia and flagella whereas microtubules regulate metabolism. [B] help to anchor organelles, whereas microtubules primarily function to help cells change shape and move. [C] are larger than microtubules. [D] are mainly composed of actin whereas microtubules are composed of tubulin. [E] are found only in plants whereas microtubules are found in plants and animal cells.

are mainly composed of actin whereas microtubules are composed of tubulin

In eukaryotic cells, transcription and translation [A] are separated: Translation occurs in the nucleus, and transcription occurs in the cytoplasm. [B] occur together in the cytosol. [C] occur together in the nucleus. [D] are separated: Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, and transcription occurs in the nucleus. [E] are separated, except for proteins that bind to the DNA and ribosomes, which are translated in the nucleus.

are separated: translation occurs in the cytoplasm, and transcription occurs in the nucleus

Which statement about the nuclear envelope is true [A] It contains pores for the passage of large molecules. [B] It is composed of two membranes. [C] It contains ribosomes on the inner surface. [D] Both a and b [E] All of the above

both a and b

Lysosomes [A] are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. [B] are derived from the Golgi apparatus. [C] contain digestive enzymes. [D] have a higher internal pH than the cytoplasm. [E] Both b and c

both b and c

Insulin is a protein made in large amounts in cells of the pancreas. These cells secrete insulin into the blood where it acts to control the uptake of sugar by most of the body's cells. How does insulin move from its site of synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum, to outside the cell? [A] By moving through a set of interconnected nuclear pores that make a channel between the endoplasmic reticulum and the outside of the cell. [B] by being moved along tracks of cytoskeleton proteins [C] though lysosomes that empty their contents outside the cell [D] by being sent through the cavities (lumen) of the endoplasmic reticulum that attach directly to the plasma membrane [E] by being carried in small sacs of membrane (vesicles) that move insulin from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Gogli apparatus then to the plasma membrane

by being carried in small sacs of membrane (vesicles) that move insulin from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus then to the plasma membrane

A characteristic of plasma membranes that helps them fuse during vesicle formation and phagocytosis is the [A] ratio of one protein molecule for every 25 phospholipid molecules. [B] capacity of lipids to associate and maintain a bilayer organization. [C] constant fatty acid chain length and degree of saturation. [D] ability of phospholipid molecules to flip over and trade places with other phospholipid molecules. [E] asymmetrical distribution of membrane proteins.

capacity of lipids to associate and maintain a bilayer organization

Which of the following is not a phase that occurs during translation [A] Termination [B] Initiation [C] Conjugation [D] Elongation [E] All of these phases occur in translation.

conjugation

The overall shape of a cell is determined by its [A] cell membrane. [B] cytoskeleton. [C] nucleus. [D] cytosol. [E] endoplasmic reticulum.

cytoskeleton

Which of the following proteins powers both the movement of cilia and vesicles within a cell [A] Myosin [B] Actin [C] Keratin [D] Dynein [E] Kinesin

dynein

The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is [A] pinocytosis. [B] phagocytosis. [C] diffusion. [D] receptor-mediated endocytosis. [E] osmosis.

phagocytosis

Which feature of the Watson Crick model of DNA structure explains its ability to function in replication and gene expression [A] Each strand contains all the information present in the double helix. [B] There are structural and functional similarities between DNA and RNA. [C] The double helix is right-handed, not left-handed. [D] DNA replication does not require enzyme catalysts. [E] Bases are exposed in the major groove of the double helix.

each strand contains all the information present in the double helix

The last step in the synthesis of secretory protein synthesis is [A] exocytosis. [B] tagging. [C] endocytosis. [D] osmosis.

exocytosis

Beadle and Tatum's accomplishment was to show that [A] genes encode for the production of protein enzymes. [B] DNA nucleotides have 4 different bases. [C] amino acids are synthesized by metabolic pathways. [D] chromosomes are made of DNA. [E] DNA is a double helix.

genes encode for the production of protein enzymes

The rough ER is the portion of the ER that [A] lacks ribosomes. [B] is older and was once the smooth ER. [C] has ribosomes attached to it. [D] is connected to the Golgi apparatus. [E] is the site of steroid synthesis.

has ribosomes attached to it

The nitrogenous bases (and the two strands of the DNA double helix) are held together by [A] weak van der Waals forces. [B] covalent bonds. [C] hydrogen bonds. [D] Both a and b [E] Both a and c

hydrogen bonds

The LDL receptor is an integral protein that crosses the plasma membrane, with portions of the protein extending both outside and into the interior of the cell. The amino acid side chains (R groups) in the region of the protein that crosses the membrane are most likely [A] charged. [B] hydrophilic. [C] hydrophobic. [D] carbohydrates. [E] lipids.

hydrophobic

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis all involve [A] the intake of large particles. [B] invagination of the plasma membrane. [C] the export of macromolecules. [D] the presence of receptor proteins. [E] the intake of fluids by the cell.

invagination of the plasma membrane

Transcription [A] produces only mRNA. [B] uses ribosomes to synthesize DNA. [C] takes place only in prokaryotes. [D] uses triplet codons to make RNA polymerase. [E] is the process of making an RNA copy of DNA.

is the process of making an RNA copy of DNA

Hair and intermediate filaments are composed of [A] microtubules. [B] microfilaments. [C] collagen. [D] hydroxyapatite. [E] keratin.

keratin

The compounds in biological membranes that form a barrier to the movement of hydrophilic materials across the membrane are [A] integral membrane proteins. [B] carbohydrates. [C] lipids. [D] nucleic acids. [E] peripheral membrane proteins.

lipids

Biological membranes are composed of [A] nucleotides and nucleosides. [B] enzymes, electron acceptors, and electron donors. [C] fatty acids. [D] monosaccharides. [E] lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.

lipids, proteins, and carbodyrates

Which of the following contains acid hydrolases? [A] lysosome. [B] Golgi apparatus. [C] rough endoplasmic reticulum. [D] mitochondrion. [E] chloroplast.

lysosome

Which one of the following is not a function of exocytosis [A] Neurotransmitter secretion [B] Secretion of digestive enzymes in the pancreas [C] Lysosome formation [D] Secretion of cell wall materials in plants [E] Secretion of waste products

lysosome formation

Which of the following is involved in both transcription and translation? [A] DNA [B] messenger RNA [C] transfer RNA [D] ribosomes [E] amino acids

messenger RNA

Which of the following structures is involved with the movement of organelles within a cell [A] Golgi apparatus [B] Endoplasmic reticulum [C] Mitochondrion [D] Microtubules [E] Intermediate filaments

microtubules

Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system [A] Rough endoplasmic reticulum [B] Smooth endoplasmic reticulum [C] Golgi apparatus [D] Lysosomes [E] Mitochondria

mitochondria

The Golgi apparatus [A] is found only in animals. [B] is found in prokaryotes. [C] is the appendage that moves a cell around in its environment. [D] is a site of rapid ATP production. [E] modifies and packages proteins.

modifies and packages proteins

The stop codons code for [A] no amino acid. [B] methionine. [C] glycine. [D] halt enzyme. [E] DNA binding protein

no amino acid

A large organelle found in eukaryotic cells that genetically controls the cell's activities is the [A] chloroplast. [B] nucleus. [C] flagellum. [D] vacuole. [E] centriole.

nucleus

Experiments by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty supported DNA as the genetic material by showing that [A] both protein and DNA samples provided the transforming factor. [B] DNA was not complex enough to be the genetic material. [C] only samples with DNA provided transforming activity. [D] even though DNA was molecularly simple, it provided adequate variation to act as the genetic material.

only samples with DNA provided transforming activity

Proteins destined to be delivered to the exterior of cells are made in the rough ER and are [A] packaged into vesicles that directly fuse with the plasma membrane. [B] packaged into vesicles that fuse with the Golgi apparatus. The proteins are delivered to the plasma membrane as vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. [C] soluble proteins present in the cytosol that fuse with the plasma membrane. [D] soluble proteins present in the cytosol that enter the Golgi apparatus to be delivered to the plasma membrane. [E] transported out of the cell by receptor-mediated exocytosis.

packaged into vesicles that fuse with the Golgi apparatus. The proteins are delivered to the plasma membrane as vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

Single-celled animals like amoebas engulf entire cells for food. Which of the following represents the manner in which amoebas "eat" [A] Exocytosis [B] Phagocytosis [C] Facilitative transport [D] Active transport [E] None of the above

phagocytosis

The expression of some genes can be regulated in part by the pattern of RNA splicing. This is an example of [A] DNA methylation. [B] transcriptional regulation. [C] catalytic RNA activity. [D] posttranscriptional control. [E] the endosymbiotic theory.

posttranscriptional control

What molecules are produced in translation? [A] DNA [B] ribosomes [C] nucleotides [D] RNA [E] proteins

proteins

Cells acquire LDLs by [A] diffusion. [B] pinocytosis. [C] osmosis. [D] receptor-mediated endocytosis. [E] phagocytosis.

receptor-mediated endocytosis

RNA splicing involves the [A] addition of introns to the molecule. [B] removal of exons from the molecule. [C] removal of introns from the molecule. [D] addition of a nucleotide "cap" to the molecule. [E] addition of a nucleotide "tail" to the molecule.

removal of introns from the molecule

Receptor-mediated endocytosis [A] is non-specific. [B] allows small molecules to enter cells. [C] results in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. [D] directly involves the Golgi apparatus. [E] is another name for phagocytosis.

results in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles

Which of the following best describes ribosomes [A] Ribosomes guide protein synthesis. [B] Ribosomes are found only in the nucleus or on the RER. [C] There are no ribosomes in the mitochondria. [D] All of the above

ribosomes guide protein synthesis

Which of the following represents the correct pathway for the synthesis and secretion of insulin, a protein secreted by the cells of the pancreas [A] Rough ER; Golgi apparatus; vesicle; plasma membrane [B] Golgi apparatus; rough ER; lysosome [C] Lysosome; vesicle; plasma membrane [D] Plasma membrane; coated vesicle; lysosome [E] Rough ER; cytoplasm; plasma membrane

rough ER; Golgi apparatus; vesicle; plasma membrane

Some proteins that are on the surface of mammalian cells are glycosylated. These proteins are synthesized by _______ and glycosylated in the [A] mitochondrial ribosomes; smooth endoplasmic reticulum [B] cytoplasmic ribosomes; plasma membrane [C] cytoplasmic ribosomes; smooth endoplasmic reticulum [D] Golgi apparatus; rough endoplasmic reticulum [E] rough endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus

rough endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus

Proteins from the Golgi are transported to the correct location by means of [A] signals found on the packaged proteins. [B] the direction in which all vesicles travel within the cell. [C] the control provided by the nucleus. [D] motor proteins. [E] microtubules.

signals found on the packaged proteins

RNA translation in eukaryotes occurs [A] solely in mitochondria. [B] primarily in the Golgi apparatus. [C] primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum. [D] primarily in the nucleus. [E] solely in the cytoplasm.

solely in the cytoplasm

Exons are [A] spliced out of the original transcript. [B] spliced together from the original transcript. [C] spliced to introns to form the final transcript. [D] much larger than introns. [E] larger than the original coding region.

spliced together from the original transcript

The units of both RNA and DNA are composed of [A] operons. [B] bases A, G, C, T. [C] codons. [D] amino acids. [E] sugars, phosphates and bases.

sugars, phosphates and bases

The link between mRNA and a protein is [A] tRNA. [B] a promoter. [C] RNA polymerase. [D] DNA polymerase. [E] a start codon.

tRNA

Ribosomes are not found in [A] mitochondria. [B] chloroplasts. [C] the rough endoplasmic reticulum. [D] prokaryotic cells. [E] the Golgi apparatus.

the Golgi apparatus

Cell growth can involve movement of membrane material from [A] the cell membrane to the vesicles. [B] the Golgi apparatus to the cell membrane. [C] the smooth ER to the rough ER. [D] coated pits to the inside of the cell. [E] lysosomes to the cell membrane.

the Golgi apparatus to the cell membrane

Translation consists of which of the following? [A] the conversion of genetic information from DNA nucleotides into RNA nucleotides [B] the addition of nucleotides to a DNA template [C] DNA replication [D] the conversion of genetic information from the language of proteins to the language of enzymes [E] the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins

the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins

In semiconservative replication of DNA [A] the original double helix remains intact and a new double helix forms. [B] the strands of the double helix separate and act as templates for new strands. [C] polymerization is catalyzed by RNA polymerase. [D] polymerization is catalyzed by a double-helical enzyme. [E] DNA is synthesized from amino acids.

the strands of the double helix separate and act as templates for new strands

When examining the genetic code, it is apparent that [A] there can be more than one amino acid for a particular codon. [B] AUG is a terminating codon. [C] there can be more than one codon for a particular amino acid. [D] the code is ambiguous in that the same codon can code for two or more amino acids. [E] there are 44 stop codons because there are only 20 amino acids.

there can be more than one codon for a particular amino acid

Which of the following is a function of nuclear pores? [A] to allow newly synthesized protein to leave the nucleus to go to the cytoplasm [B] to allow DNA to enter the nucleus from the cytoplasm [C] to allow DNA to leave the nucleus to go to the cytoplasm [D] to allow RNA to leave the nucleus to go to the cytoplasm [E] to allow RNA to enter the nucleus form the cytoplasm

to allow RNA to leave the nucleus to go to the cytoplasm

The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called [A] initiation. [B] translation. [C] promotion. [D] elongation. [E] transcription.

transcription

What component of transcription or translation brings amino acids to the ribosomes? [A] introns [B] transfer RNA [C] exons [D] ribosomal RNA [E] messenger RNA

transfer RNA

Microtubules are made of [A] actin, and they function in locomotion. [B] tubulin, and they are essential in chromosome distribution during mitosis. [C] tubulin, and they are found in microvilli. [D] actin, and they function to change cell shape. [E] polysaccharides, and they function in locomotion.

tubular, and they are essential in chromosome distribution during mitosis