astronomy

If ten Jupiters can fit across the surface (width) of the Sun, then approximately how many Earth's could fit across Jupiter?

10

If you were constructing a scale model of the solar system that used a Sun that was the size of a basketball (~ 12" diameter), which of the following lengths would most closely approximate the scaled distance between Earth and the Sun?

100 feet (height of an 8 story building)

The light radiated from the Sun's surface reaches Earth in about 8 minutes, but the energy of that light was released by fusion in the core about ____ .

100,000 years ago

Approximately how many Moons would fit between the Earth and the Moon?

120

How many Moon orbital diameters would fit between the Sun and Earth?

220

Look at your answer to Question 3 of "Sun Size" in Lecture Tutorials (pg. 114). How far apart should the basketball and orange be placed to represent the situation described?

30 feet

How many moons in the Solar System are larger than Earth's Moon?

4

how many moons can fit across the diameter of earth?

4

Imagine you are the head of a funding agency that can afford to build one telescope. Which of the following proposed telescopes would be best to support?Incorrect A radio telescope in orbit above the Earth.

A gamma ray telescope in orbit above the Earth.

Look at the student discussion on pg. 29 of Lecture Tutorials (Question 2 of the "Newton's Law and Gravity" tutorial). Do you agree with Student 1, Student 2, both or neither of the students?

Agree with Student 1

Using the symbols E (Emission), A (Absorption), and C (Continuous), which of the following "Spectroscopic Arithmetic" equations is true? (Assume the gas cloud involved in creating both the emission and absoprtion line spectra are made of the same type of atoms.)

C - E = A

Look at your answers to Question 9 in Lecture Tutorials, pg. 49 (part of the "EM Spectrum of Light" tutorial). How would the frequency and speed of the light given off by the sun change in the scenario described?

Frequency would decrease / speed would stay the same

Rank the various types of light on the electromagnetic spectrum according to their energy, from highest to lowest. Choose "same" for each option if the energy of each is the same.

Gamma Rays: Highest, X-rays, Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, Radio: Lowest

Rank the various types of light on the electromagnetic spectrum according to their frequency, from highest to lowest. Choose "same" for each option if the frequency of each is the same

Gamma Rays: Highest, X-rays, Ultraviolet, Visible, InfraredRadio: Lowest

How are gamma rays different from radio waves?

Gamma rays have higher energy and shorter wavelength than radio waves.

Which comparison between the terrestrial and Jovian planets is FALSE?

Jovian planets are denser than terrestrial planets.

Where are Pluto and Eris found?

Kuiper Belt

Which of the following facts CANNOT be explained by the theory that the planets formed out of a rotating flattened disk that formed from the solar nebula?

Most of the moons in our solar system belong to the Jovian planets.

Look at your answer to Question 9 part d of "Newton's Laws and Gravity" in Lecture Tutorials (pg. 32). Where would the spaceprobe experience the greatest acceleration?

Nearest to the surface of Earth.

Rank the various types of light on the electromagnetic spectrum according to their wavelength, from longest to shortest. Choose "same" for each option if the wavelength of each is the same.

Radio: Longest Infrared, Visible, UltravioletX-rays, Gamma Rays: Shortest

Suppose that Star X and Star Y both have redshifts, but Star X has a larger redshift than Star Y. What can you conclude?

Star X is moving away from us faster than Star Y.

The Sun exerts a force on the Earth. How does this force this compare to the force the Earth exerts on the Sun?

The Earth exerts a force on the Sun that is equal to the force the Sun exerts on the Earth.

How does the gravitational force between two stars change if the distance between them increases by a factor of three?

The force between them decreases by a factor of 9.

A small sports car and a large SUV collide head-on.Which vehicle experiences the larger force during the collision?

The force on the sports car equals the force on the SUV.

An object is emitting light and is moving in a direction parallel to you (neither toward nor away from you.) How does the frequency of the light you see from the object compare to the frequency of the light it emits?

The frequency you see will be the same as the frequency it emits

How are the orbits of the planets arranged in our Solar System?

The inner planets are spaced close together while the outer planets are far apart.

Which of the following is not something to consider about a location when building a research-grade telescope on Earth?

The proximity to the astronomer (closer is better, to be convenient).

Which vehicle experiences the larger acceleration during the collision? (sports car and SUV)

The sports car.

Laboratory measurements show hydrogen produces a spectral line at a wavelength of 486.1 nanometers (nm). A particular star's spectrum shows the same hydrogen line at a wavelength of 486.0 nm. What can we conclude?

The star is moving toward us.

How do astronomers know what the surface of Venus looks like?

They've bounced radio waves off the surface and measured how the signals return.

Does the Doppler effect occur when the observer is moving and the source of light is stationary?

Yes, the effect is the same.

What happens if a star is moving towards you with a high speed?

You will see light with a higher frequency than the star is actually emitting.

What was the form of the material from which the Solar System formed?

a nebula made mostly of hydrogen and helium gas, but enriched in heavier elements from previous supernova explosions.

he manner in which the terrestrial planets formed was

accretion of solid planetesimals containing mostly rocky material.

Newton's third law of motion states that forces occur in matched pairs that act in opposite directions between two different bodies. This happens

always.

The Oort Cloud is

an approximate spherical distribution of icy and rocky objects centered on the Sun, extending out to about 50,000 AU.

The emission line spectrum of a given element is made up of lines of color that

are always the same, with a regular spacing pattern.

Look at Question #11 part c of "Light and Atoms" in Lecture Tutorials (pg. 69). Which atom shows the absorption of green light?

atom b

You are moving a grocery cart at a constant speed in a straight line down the aisle of a grocery store. In this situation, the forces on the cart are

balanced, with a net force of zero.

Look at your answer to Question 1 of "Sun Size" in Lecture Tutorials (pg. 113). Which of the pairs listed make a good scale model of the Earth and Moon?

basketball and baseball

Look at Question #3 in of "Light and Atoms" in Lecture Tutorials (pg. 65). In which case does the atom emit more energy?

case b

In 2006 when the International Astronomical Union (IAU) formalized the definition of a planet, Pluto was reclassified from a planet to a dwarf planet. This is not the first time astronomers made an adjustment to their definition of a planet. Another object in our Solar System was first identified as a planet when it was discovered in 1801, only to be reclassified as more objects like it were discovered. In 2006 this object was reclassified, this time as a dwarf planet. Which object is this?

ceres

The largest known object in the asteroid belt in our Solar System is

ceres

Most comets are believed to be

chunks of dirty ice left over from the formation of the Solar System.

Saturn's rings are

composed of widely spaced boulders, each one orbiting Saturn according to Kepler's laws.

An object moving without opposing friction or other opposing forces will

continue moving at a constant speed.

Energy moves through the Sun's ______ by means of the rising of hot gas and falling of cooler gas.

convection zone

Why do sunspots appear darker than their surroundings?

cooler temp than their surroundings

Nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium occurs in the ____ of the Sun.

core

The primary function of a telescope is to magnify astronomical objects.

false

(b) Which of the following wavelengths of light is most effectively blocked by the Earth's atmosphere?

gamma rays

The most probable theory for the Solar System's formation is

gas and dust clouds condensed to form the Sun, whereas planets formed later within a nebular disk.

In a solar system with a central star that is ten times hotter than our Sun, one would expect the distances over which terrestrial planets formed to be __________ ours.

greater than

Venus is so reflective because

it is covered by clouds that reflect most of the Sun's light.

One model of the atom explains that an electron can only gain or lose energy by

jumping from one allowed orbit to another.

Which major planet experiences the largest change in orbital speed? (Hint: a table of each planet's eccentricity can be found in the Lecture Tutorials book, pg. 24.)

mercury

Look at your answer to Question 3 of "Temperature and Formation of the Solar System" in Lecture Tutorials (pg. 111). Which planets formed at temperatures hotter than the boiling point of water?

mercury, venus, earth, mars

A reflecting telescope uses a ____ to focus light; a refracting telescope uses a _____ to focus light.

mirror / lens

The Sun rotates on its own axis about once every ______ .

month

Look at your answer to Question 5 in Lecture Tutorials, pg. 48 (part of the "EM Spectrum of Light" tutorial). Do you agree with Student 1, Student 2, both or neither of the students?

neither student

Look at your answer to Question 7 of "Sun Size" in Lecture Tutorials (pg. 114). Would you have an accurate scale model of the Sun-Earth system using the setup described there?

no

Look at your answer to Question 7 of "Temperature and Formation of the Solar System" (pg. 112). Is it likely that a large, Jovian planet would have formed at the location of Mercury?

no

Solar energy leaves the Sun in the form of ____ .

photons

Which layer of the Sun is the visible "surface" of the Sun?

photosphere

Look at your answer to Question 4c in Lecture Tutorials, pg. 53 (part of the "Telescopes and Earth's Atmosphere" tutorial). Which project would you choose to fund?

project Rho

Which of the following wavelengths can be observed easily by a telescope on the Earth's surface?

radio

The asteroid belt is composed of

rocky debris left over from the formation of the Solar System.

Rank the various types of light on the electromagnetic spectrum according to their speed, from fastest to slowest. Choose "same" for each option if the speed of each is the same.

same

Look at the student discussion on pg. 31 of Lecture Tutorials (Question #8 of the "Newton's Law and Gravity" tutorial). Do you agree with Student 1, Student 2, both or neither of the students?

student 2

Look at your answer to Question 9 in Lecture Tutorials, pg. 68 (part of the "Light and Atoms" tutorial). Do you agree with Student 1, Student 2, both or neither

student 2

More than any other, which physical parameter probably controlled the early evolution of the planetary system and dictated the characteristics of the planets that eventually formed?

temperature distribution within the nebula.

If we observe one edge of a planet to be redshifted and the opposite edge to be blueshifted, what can we conclude about the planet?

the planet is rotating

Pluto and its moon Charon are completely tidally locked. This means that

the same side of Charon always faces the same side of Pluto, making it visible to only half of Pluto's surface.

Newton's first law of motion describes

the tendency of a moving or stationary object to resist any change in its state of motion.

A ball rolling across the floor slows to a stop because

there is a net force acting on it.

Which moon has a hazy atmosphere?

titan---only moon with an atmosphere

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons we put telescopes in space?

to be closer to the stars

Which major planet has an orbital path about the Sun that is most nearly a perfect to a circle? (Hint: a table of each planet's eccentricity can be found in the Lecture Tutorials book, pg. 24.)

venus

The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that our eyes are sensitive to (i.e., we can see) is

visible light