urinary system me
how much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine
1%
Kidneys filter nearly ------ of fluid from bloodstream.
200 liters
Urea transport out of the medullary collecting duct is enhanced by
ADH
What homeostatic imbalance is indicative that glomerular blood pressure may be to low to cause filtration?
Anuria Low urine output
How is Na+ reabsorbed
By active transport using ATP
Water can leave the ascending limb of the nephron loop. T or F
False Water can leave descending limb of nephron loop.
Perirenal fat capsule
Fatty mass that surrounds the kidney and cushions it against blows.
The renal corpuscle is composed of
Glomerulus and glomerular (browmans) capsule
As enlarged smooth muscle cells in the arteriolar walls, ------- release renin in response to a drop in mean arterial blood pressure.
Granular cells
Renal ptosis may lead to ----
Hydronephrosis due to urine backup
The ---- pressure in glomerular capillaries is the chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane.
Hydrostatic
In what part of the nephron is plasma filtered?
In the renal corpuscle
If the efferent arteriole constructs while the afferent arteriole remains unchanged, the glomerular filtration rate ----
Increases
The major calyces are the
Large branches of the renal pelvis
When the concentration of ADH increases
Less urine is produced
The renal hilum lies on the ------ surface of the kidney
Medial
An important factor directly affecting the glomerular filtration rate
Net filtration pressure Gfr is directly proportional to nfp
most hydrogen ions are secreted into the
PCT
supportive tissue is the most superficial
Pararenal fat
Under normal resting conditions, the ------ arteries deliver one-fourth of the total cardiac output (about 1200 ml) to the kidneys each minute.
Renal
The ------ is the dark, reddish brown area of the kidney that exhibits cone- shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids.
Renal medulla
A condition in which one or both kidneys drop to lower position bc of extreme malnutrition or weight loss
Renal ptosis
Countercurrent multiplier in the kidney
The loop of henle of juxtmedullary nephron
Fibrous capsule
Transparent that prevents infection in surrounding regions from spreading to kidneys
The substance is the largest component of urine by weight after water?
Urea
Which nephron capillary bed specializes in forming concentrated urine?
Vasa recta
the renal pyramid is the innermost layer of kidney tissue a conical- shaped structure that is located in the renal medulla an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule and located in the area of the hilus a large branch of the renal pelvis a knot of capillaries that lies within the renal corpuscle
a conical shaped structure that is located in the renal medulla
the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is filtration absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water secretion of acids and ammonia secretion of drugs adjustment of urine volume
absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins and water
blood vessels that contains granular cells involved in blood pressure regulation
afferent arteriole
filtration membrane
basement membrane capillary endothelium filtration slit diaphragm
85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney
cortical
contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder
detrusor
the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct is the proximal convoluted tubule loop of henle distal convoluted tubule collecting duct minor calyx
distal convoluted tubule
the expanded end of the nephron is the glomerulus glomerular capsule proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule loop of henie
glomerular capsule
knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole
glomerulus
a renal corpuscle includes the glomerulus and glomerular capsule glomerulus and renal tubule glomerular capsule and renal tubule renal tubule and collecting tubule pyramid and glomerulus
glomerulus and glomerular capsule
not normally found in urine
glucose
the medial concave cleft in which vessels, ureters, and nerves enter/leave the kidney
hilum
the vessel lie within the renal columns
interlobar arteries
major calyces are large branches of the renal pelvis expanded ends of nephrons basic functional layers of the kidney conical shaped structure that are located in the renal medulla the expanded ends of renal pyramids
large braches of the renal pelvis
the countercurrent mechanism functions in the nephron renal corpuscle glomerulus loop of henle filtration unit
loop of henle
region of the distal tubule that monitors concentration of the filtrate
macula densa
vessels and nerves enter and leave the kidney through the
medial hilum
the renal tubule contains cells adapted for absorption by having cilia microvilli villi flagella all of the above
microvilli
cup-shaped tubes that enclose the papillae of the pyramids
minor calyx
the hundreds of little openings of the renal papilla are
opening of papillary ducts
which of the following are too large to be filtered? amino acids glucose lipids proteins
proteins
reabsorption of glucose occurs mostly in the
proximal convoluted tubule
the glomerular capsule and glomerulus make up the renal pyramid loop of henle renal corpuscle renal tubule system collecting system
renal corpuscle
the innermost layer of the kidney tissue is the renal cortex renal medulla major calyx minor calyx renal pelvis
renal medulla
the descriptive term for location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity
retroperitoneal
a large fat-filled space within the kidney that also contains the renal pelvis, blood vessels, and nerves
sinus
which of the following is correct about the location of the kidney -there is one kidney deep in the liver -the kidneys are bilateral and retroperitoneal -the left kidney Is lower than the right -the kidneys are in the anterior abdominal wall
the kidneys are bilateral and retroperitoneal
which of the following carries urine from the kidney to the bladder? small intestine prostate liver ureter urethra
ureter
ladderlike looping blood vessels within the medulla
vasa recta
renal columns are internal cavities of the fibrous capsule located in the area of the hilus the expanded ends of the ureters the basic functional units of the kidney located adjacent to interlobar vessels conical-shaped structures that are located in the renal medulla
located adjacent to interlobar vessels
The vasa recta serve
Juxtamedullary nephrons Deep in medulla
The renal ----- is continuous with the ureter.
Pelvis
the kidneys are located in a position that is retroperitoneal surrounded by a renal capsule protected by the lower ribs of the rib cage 1 and 2 only all of the above
located in a position that is retroperitoneal surrounded by a renal capsule
the most superficial layer of the kidney is the
cortex
the visceral epithelium of the glomerular capsule is the capillary endothelium lamina densa podocytes basement membrane of the capillaries capsular space
podocytes
cortical tissue located between renal pyramids is called the medulla renal columns renal pelvises nephrons calyces
renal columns