urinary system me

how much of the fluid filtered by the kidney actually becomes urine

1%

Kidneys filter nearly ------ of fluid from bloodstream.

200 liters

Urea transport out of the medullary collecting duct is enhanced by

ADH

What homeostatic imbalance is indicative that glomerular blood pressure may be to low to cause filtration?

Anuria Low urine output

How is Na+ reabsorbed

By active transport using ATP

Water can leave the ascending limb of the nephron loop. T or F

False Water can leave descending limb of nephron loop.

Perirenal fat capsule

Fatty mass that surrounds the kidney and cushions it against blows.

The renal corpuscle is composed of

Glomerulus and glomerular (browmans) capsule

As enlarged smooth muscle cells in the arteriolar walls, ------- release renin in response to a drop in mean arterial blood pressure.

Granular cells

Renal ptosis may lead to ----

Hydronephrosis due to urine backup

The ---- pressure in glomerular capillaries is the chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane.

Hydrostatic

In what part of the nephron is plasma filtered?

In the renal corpuscle

If the efferent arteriole constructs while the afferent arteriole remains unchanged, the glomerular filtration rate ----

Increases

The major calyces are the

Large branches of the renal pelvis

When the concentration of ADH increases

Less urine is produced

The renal hilum lies on the ------ surface of the kidney

Medial

An important factor directly affecting the glomerular filtration rate

Net filtration pressure Gfr is directly proportional to nfp

most hydrogen ions are secreted into the

PCT

supportive tissue is the most superficial

Pararenal fat

Under normal resting conditions, the ------ arteries deliver one-fourth of the total cardiac output (about 1200 ml) to the kidneys each minute.

Renal

The ------ is the dark, reddish brown area of the kidney that exhibits cone- shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids.

Renal medulla

A condition in which one or both kidneys drop to lower position bc of extreme malnutrition or weight loss

Renal ptosis

Countercurrent multiplier in the kidney

The loop of henle of juxtmedullary nephron

Fibrous capsule

Transparent that prevents infection in surrounding regions from spreading to kidneys

The substance is the largest component of urine by weight after water?

Urea

Which nephron capillary bed specializes in forming concentrated urine?

Vasa recta

the renal pyramid is the innermost layer of kidney tissue a conical- shaped structure that is located in the renal medulla an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule and located in the area of the hilus a large branch of the renal pelvis a knot of capillaries that lies within the renal corpuscle

a conical shaped structure that is located in the renal medulla

the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is filtration absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water secretion of acids and ammonia secretion of drugs adjustment of urine volume

absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins and water

blood vessels that contains granular cells involved in blood pressure regulation

afferent arteriole

filtration membrane

basement membrane capillary endothelium filtration slit diaphragm

85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney

cortical

contraction of this muscle forces urine from the bladder

detrusor

the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct is the proximal convoluted tubule loop of henle distal convoluted tubule collecting duct minor calyx

distal convoluted tubule

the expanded end of the nephron is the glomerulus glomerular capsule proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule loop of henie

glomerular capsule

knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole

glomerulus

a renal corpuscle includes the glomerulus and glomerular capsule glomerulus and renal tubule glomerular capsule and renal tubule renal tubule and collecting tubule pyramid and glomerulus

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

not normally found in urine

glucose

the medial concave cleft in which vessels, ureters, and nerves enter/leave the kidney

hilum

the vessel lie within the renal columns

interlobar arteries

major calyces are large branches of the renal pelvis expanded ends of nephrons basic functional layers of the kidney conical shaped structure that are located in the renal medulla the expanded ends of renal pyramids

large braches of the renal pelvis

the countercurrent mechanism functions in the nephron renal corpuscle glomerulus loop of henle filtration unit

loop of henle

region of the distal tubule that monitors concentration of the filtrate

macula densa

vessels and nerves enter and leave the kidney through the

medial hilum

the renal tubule contains cells adapted for absorption by having cilia microvilli villi flagella all of the above

microvilli

cup-shaped tubes that enclose the papillae of the pyramids

minor calyx

the hundreds of little openings of the renal papilla are

opening of papillary ducts

which of the following are too large to be filtered? amino acids glucose lipids proteins

proteins

reabsorption of glucose occurs mostly in the

proximal convoluted tubule

the glomerular capsule and glomerulus make up the renal pyramid loop of henle renal corpuscle renal tubule system collecting system

renal corpuscle

the innermost layer of the kidney tissue is the renal cortex renal medulla major calyx minor calyx renal pelvis

renal medulla

the descriptive term for location of the kidneys relative to the abdominal cavity

retroperitoneal

a large fat-filled space within the kidney that also contains the renal pelvis, blood vessels, and nerves

sinus

which of the following is correct about the location of the kidney -there is one kidney deep in the liver -the kidneys are bilateral and retroperitoneal -the left kidney Is lower than the right -the kidneys are in the anterior abdominal wall

the kidneys are bilateral and retroperitoneal

which of the following carries urine from the kidney to the bladder? small intestine prostate liver ureter urethra

ureter

ladderlike looping blood vessels within the medulla

vasa recta

renal columns are internal cavities of the fibrous capsule located in the area of the hilus the expanded ends of the ureters the basic functional units of the kidney located adjacent to interlobar vessels conical-shaped structures that are located in the renal medulla

located adjacent to interlobar vessels

The vasa recta serve

Juxtamedullary nephrons Deep in medulla

The renal ----- is continuous with the ureter.

Pelvis

the kidneys are located in a position that is retroperitoneal surrounded by a renal capsule protected by the lower ribs of the rib cage 1 and 2 only all of the above

located in a position that is retroperitoneal surrounded by a renal capsule

the most superficial layer of the kidney is the

cortex

the visceral epithelium of the glomerular capsule is the capillary endothelium lamina densa podocytes basement membrane of the capillaries capsular space

podocytes

cortical tissue located between renal pyramids is called the medulla renal columns renal pelvises nephrons calyces

renal columns