ATE 2661 Large Animal Diseases Final

Foals tongues should be looked at daily to check for oral candidiasis.

True

Grain overload can be diagnosed with a pH of <5.5 on rumen fluid.

True

Laminitis can be caused by feeding high grain diets excessively.

True

Meconium impaction is the number one cause of colic in foals.

True

Papillomatous digital dermatitis is contagious in ruminants.

True

The most common for of mastitis in dairy cows is the sub-clinical form.

True

The furious form of rabies is the more common form in ruminants?

False

The most common cause of pharyngeal abscessation is a foreign body in cattle.

False

The nervous form of coccidian in ruminants occurs when the parasite leaves the gastrointestinal system and enters the brain and spinal cord causing neurological symptoms.

False

The recommended treatment for ocular and skin cancers in cattle is chemotherapy.

False

There is a cure for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or Mad Cow Disease.

False

What does crutching mean?

Shaving wool from vulva and udders

Which of the following clinical signs below may be seen in cattle with shipping fever?

*Coughing *Tachypnea *Nasal discharge All of the above

Early detection of sick cows is important in successful management of shipping fever in the feedlot cattle. What early signs of disease would you be looking for when scanning the cattle pens?

*Isolation *Dry nose *Behavior change All of the above

Where could you expect to see abdominal distention in "Splashy rumen"?

*Left lower abdominal quadrant *Right lower abdominal quadrant

Which of the following are considered host factors for development of respiratory disease complex in calves?

*Overcrowding *Inadequate passive transfer of immunity *Stress All of the above

In cattle suspected of hardware disease, presence of cranial abdominal pain can be best assessed by what method?

*Pinch test *Grunt test

Which of the following are predisposing factors for development of bovine respiratory disease complex in adult cattle?

*Prolonged shipping time *Surgical procedures prior to shipping *Feeding high energy diet All of the above

Which of the species needs to expel the neonate quickly due to the placenta separating quickly and therefore affecting oxygen to the neonate?

Equine

What is the causative agent of "Lumpy Jaw" in cattle?

Actinomyces

In regards to Caprine Encephalitis, which are possible manifestations of infection that can occur in goats?

Arthritis, Masitis, Encephalitis

Kids (young goats) commonly show overt neurological signs with clostridium perfringens Type D disease.

False

Metaphylactic antibiotic therapy is not recommended as a means of lowering the incidence of pneumonia in cattle arriving at the feedlot.

False

What is the name of the disease or condition when the rumen becomes overly distended with gas?

Bloat

Nasal bots are more common in goats verses sheep.

False

Polioencephalomalacia is defined as softening of the white matter in the brain.

False

Pregnant ewes with one fetus are more likely to get pregnancy toxemia than those carrying more than one fetus

False

Mastitis caused by leptospirosis is called what?

Cold mastitis

In foals, failure of passive transfer is best treated by what method?

Commercially available equine plasma administered intravenously immediately after diagnosis has been made

Which of the following is not a reportable disease?

Cryptosporidium

Right displaced abomasum is not an emergency.

False

What part of following clinical signs are commonly observed in cattle with acute abdominal pain?

Decreased appetite

Stage 1 of labor is the stage where the placenta is passed

False

Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterial cause of environmental mastitis in dairy cattle.

False

In regards to mares the term dystocia refers to what?

Difficult birth

Common additional problems that may be seen in cattle suffering from milk fever include which of the following?

Displaced abomasum, Retained placenta, Bloat

What is the veterinary medical term used to describe difficulty giving birth?

Dystocia

Which of the following clinical signs is NOT associated with pink eye?

Exophthalmos

When a foal does not receive adequate transfer of maternal immunoglobulins, this condition is referred to as what?

Failure of passive transfer

Bovine ketosis occurs due to a positive energy balance.

False

Cattle and goats are commonly given antibiotics for treatment of pneumonia. The best site for intramuscular administration of medication in goats and cattle is the rear limb muscle due to their large size.

False

Cesarian section is done by a local anesthetic in horses.

False

Goats are more likely to get copper toxicity.

False

A __________ is done by making several cuts in the fetus using a fetotome to amputate a portion of the limbs, head, and/or neck to help remove the fetus from the birthing canal in dystocia cases.

Fetotomy

In regards to pink eye in cattle, which of the following have been identified as predisposing factors to development of disease?

Flies, UV irradiation, Plant awns

What part of the claw bears the most weight on the front legs in cattle?

Front medial

What is/are the etiological agent(s) in foot rot in ruminants?

Fusobacterium necrophorum, Dichelobacter nodosus, Corynebacterium pyogenes

Choose all that apply: What are the most common ways that infection can enter a foal?

Gastrointestinal tract, Umbilicus, Respiratory

Which combination is infertile in goats?

HH polled

What is the most important parasite in small ruminants?

Haemaonchus contortus

Which of the following clinical signs below can be observed in cases of listeriosis in ruminants?

Head pressing, Circling, Nystagmus

Copper toxicity causes what type of crisis

Hemolytic crisis

Which breed of cattle is squamous cell carcinoma most prevalent in?

Hereford

Which is not a cause of dystocia?

High grain diets

Which of the following statements are true regarding lymphosarcoma in cattle?

Holsteins are most commonly affectd, Lymphosarcoma is caused by a virus in cattle, The most common clinical sign is exophthalmos

What is the treatment for white muscle disease in ruminants?

Injections of selenium, Injections of Viatmin E

Which breed of dairy cow is more likely to have mild fever?

Jersey

Which of the statements are true regarding bovine ketosis?

Keotisis is defined as low ketones in the blood, most common in non-pregnant and non-lactating beef cattle, always occurs as primary disease: NONE OF THE ABOVE

What is the cause of milk fever in cattle?

Low blood calcium

What would the blood work and urine look like in an ewe with pregnancy toxemia?

Low glucose in blood, high ketones in urine

A client calls your clinic in panic because his mare is giving birth and he notices that the back foot is coming out first. He asks you if this is normal positioning or should he be worried that something might be wrong? Your correct response is?

No this is not normal positioning and the veterinarian should be called out to his farm immediately

Foals receive antibodies that protect them from disease early in life through which route?

Mare's colostrum

In regards to Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis, the virus can be spread through what pathways?

Milk

Ketones can be tested in which type of sample?

Milk, Blood, Urine

Bovine keratoconjuctivitis is caused by which organism?

Moraxella bovis

In cattle, milk fever commonly occurs when?

Post calving

What antibiotic is recommended for treatment of pink eye in cattle?

Oxytetracycline

What is the normal color of rumen fluid and normal pH?

Olive green, 6.5

What is the preventive measure and/or treatment for hardware disease?

Oral administration of a magnet

Neurological disease in ruminants can show variable clinical signs depending on which part of the neurological system is affected. Neurological disease can be divided into what broad categories?

Peripheral nerves, Central nervous system, Cranial nerves

A displaced abomasum can be detected on physical exam by what method?

Presence of gas pings

Based on cost benefit analysis, treatment of cases of bovine respiratory disease complex is recommended when and what drug was discussedin the BRD video at the beginning of module 7?

Rectal temperature is >104.5 fm Zactran

Which part of the cow's stomach has a honeycomb appearance?

Reticulum

Which of the following is not a causative agent of calf scours?

Rotavirus, Coccidia, Salmonella, BVD

What is the name of the test to diagnose bovine ketosis?

Rothera test

What is the correct flow of feed material through the cow?

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

Which of the following devices are commonly utilized in down cattle?

Sling, Float tank, Hip lifters

A common diagnostic test frequently used in screening and/or diagnosis of mastitis in cattle include which of the following?

Stomatic cell count, California mastitis test, Milk culture

Another name for cancer eye in cattle is?

Squamous cell carcinoma

Which of the following are common clinical signs seen in cattle with Polioencephalomalcia?

Star-gazing

What position should neonates be placed in to help oxygenation?

Sternal recumbency

What type of toxin is acorn toxicity?

Tannin

Compartment Syndrome occurs in cattle as early as 6 hours of being down and unable to rise.

True

Dystocia is common in cattle.

True

Contagious mastitis makes up about 95% of the cases of mastitis.

True

How is clostridium septicum transmitted in ruminants?

Throgh the GI tract, Wounds

Cancer eye can spread internally to the abdominal and thoracic organs.

True

What is the best pregnancy diagnostic in mares?

Transrectal ultrasound

Which of the following are common clinical signs in cows with bovine ketosis?

Tremors, Decreased appetite, Weight loss

The cause of hairy foot warts in cattle is?

Treponema

A dairy cow that is in sternal recumbency with its neck in an S shape is a clinical sign of milk fever.

True

You are called out to a farm to evaluate a new born foal. On general inspection, you notice that foal's front legs are not straight when viewed from head on. The foal's legs turn out laterally or outward from the carpus downward. What is the correct term for this condition?

Valgus

What is the causative agent of ORF or ecthyma?

Virus

In regards to adult cattle, pneumonia or shipping fever most commonly occurs when?

Within 3 weeks of arrival to the farm

You are evaluating a foal 24 hours after birth. You notice the mare's udder seems enlarged and milk is dripping from her teats. The owner tells you that the foal is very sweet and slept with her all night on the stall floor without getting up once. Your correct response is?

You explain to the client that her foal might be showing early signs of disease because this is abnormal behavior for a foal.

A simple way to assess body condition scoring in sheep is to use the lumbar epaxial muscles.

True

Another name for laminitis is founder.

True

Left displaced abomasum is more common than right displaced abomasum

True

Preconditioning improves mortality rate from respiratory disease in calves by 50%

True

Scrapie is a reportable disease in sheep?

True