ATI Intro to Pharmacology

Anaphylaxis represents which of the following result of a drug?

Adverse effect-Adverse effect are the unintended and unexpected effects of a drug, which can range from mildly annoying to life-threatening, such as an anaphylactic reaction.

A nurse is caring for a client who is newly admitted to the facility for chest pain. At which of the following times should the nurse begin teaching about drugs and discharge planning?

As soon as possible

A patient is taking acetaminophen and codeine for pain relief. These analgesic drugs interact with one another to cause an addictive effect. The nurse should identify that which if the following are characteristics of addictive drug interactions?

Clients can achieve desired effects with the use of lower dosages Both drugs have similar actions

A nurse is teaching a client about the adverse effects of digoxin. Which of the following should the nurse include in her teachings? A: adverse effects are intended effects of medications. B: Adverse effects indicate a severe allergy to medication. C: Decrease your medication dose if adverse effect occurs. D: Contact your provider if adverse effects occurs.

Contact your provider if adverse effect occurs

A nurse is preparing to administer a drug to a client. In which of the following sections of a drug handbook should the nurse look to determine if the client can receive the drug? A: Adverse effects B: contraindications C: implementation D: Black box warning

Contraindications- The nurse should review the contraindications section to determine if the client can receive the drug. This section lists pre-existing diseases or clinical situations that could make it unsafe to administer a drug.

A nurse is teaching a client about naproxen enteric-coated tablets. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A: drug absorption occurs in the stomach B: you should expect immediate absorption of the drug C: you should allow the tablet to dissolve in your mouth D: Do not crush or chew the tablet

Do not crush your chew the tablet

A nurse is speaking to a client who is taking sertraline and reports drinking grapefruit juice. The nurse explains that grapefruit juice inhibits an enzyme in the liver that is used to metabolize sertraline. The nurse should recognize the clients risk for which of the following? A: reduced drug absorption B: drug dependence C: altered drug distribution D: drug toxicity

Drug toxicity Grapefruit juice can cause increased levels of certain drugs, such as sertraline, which can lead to drug toxicity. Clients should avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking these drugs

A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of renal insufficiency and is taking lithium. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following? A: Tolerance B: drug interaction C: Drug toxicity D: Dependence

Drug toxicity- Drug toxicity occurs when the amount of drug that is taken is greater than its rate of excretion.

A nurse is caring for a client who is having difficulty remembering to take their prescribed drug 3 times a day. What alternate drugs forms can help promote adherence to the prescribed dose?

Extended release tablet- secondary to the release of the drug happens over an extended period of time

A nurse is teaching a client about caring for a new colostomy. What factors can decrease the clients ability to learn?

Impaired cognitive level language barrier discomfort unreadiness to learn

A nurse is preparing to administer a drug to a client. In which section of the handbook should the nurse look to determine if the drug has more than one use?

Indications-The indication section provides information on conditions and diseases for which the drug is used

When reviewing a list of drugs in a drug handbook, a nurse can identify the generic name for a drug in which the following ways? A: it begins with a lower case letter B: It is listed in parenthesis C: Both letters and numbers D: the chemical name is listed in parenthesis before the generic name

It begins with a lower case letter

A nurse is obtaining a clients health history. The client reports no allergies but has experienced mild itching while taking amoxicillin.

Itching can indicate hypersensitivity to amoxicillin

A nurse is caring for a client who arrived at an emergency department following a bee sting. Which of the following findings indicates an anaphylactic shock?

Low blood pressure Wheezing Difficulty swollowing

A nurse is caring for a client who is postpartum and breastfeeding. The client asks the nurse about the effects of taking an over the counter drug will have on her baby. What should the nurse consider when recommending a drug for the client?

Newborns weight how much breastmilk the newborn consumes Whether or not the benefits to the client outweighs the risks The properties of the drug

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for a drug with a high potential for toxicity. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Periodic lab tests are essential to measure serum drug levels Monitoring for indication of toxicity is important Taking the smallest effective dose is crucial

A nurse is caring for a client who was prescribed an antidepressant based on its ability to prevent the reuptake of neurotransmitters. The nurse should identify that which of the following terms describe why this drug was prescribed for the client? A: Pharmacologic action B: chemical stability C: route D: Adverse effect

Pharmacologic action- The nurse should identify that the mechanism of action of a drug on the body to achieve the desired effect is referred to this.

A nurse is reviewing a drug handbook prior to administering a drug to a client who has kidney disease. The handbook states that the drug can be administered but identifies certain risks. Which of the following terms describes these risks? A: contraindications B: precautions C: paradoxical effects D: adverse effects

Precautions- A precaution includes disease states, such as kidney disease, or clinical situations in which use of a drug involves particular risks or dosage modification might be necessary.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving nitroglycerin IV and is switching to the oral form. The oral dose will be higher than the IV due to?

The oral form has decreased bioavailability because of the first-pass effect.

A nurse is obtaining a clients health history and discovers that the client takes loratadine, an over the counter drug. The nurse should identify that which of the following is correct regarding over the counter meds

They do not require supervision of a nurse they can interact with other drugs they should be included in the clients drug history assessment

A nurse reviewing drugs in a drug reference. The nurse should identify that drugs in the same class share which of the following similarities?

They have similar mechanisms of actions-Drugs in the same class often share similar mechanisms of action, as well as assessment guidelines, interactions and precautions

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for a drug that has a receptor agonist effect. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

This will increase the effects of normal cellular function-agonist drugs are like insulin...patients who have little to no insulin are given insulin to mimic insulins effect in the body

When teaching a client about a new drug, prior to teaching, the nurse should review precautions in the drug handbook for what reason?

To determine if dosage modification is indicated The precaution sections includes diseases or clinical situations in which drug use involves particular risks or dosage modification might be necessary, such as the clients age

A nurse is providing teaching to a pregnant client who is taking captopril, and ACE inhibitor, to treat hypertension. The nurse informs the client that captopril is a teratogenic drug. The nurse should explain that teratogenic drugs can cause which of the following?

fetal malformation (birth defects)

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking diphenhydramine for insomnia and reports drowsiness. The nurse should identify that drowsiness indicates which of the following?

therapeutic effect Drowsiness is a therapeutic effect of diphenhydramine for a client who is taking the drug to treat insomnia