ATI TEAS Respiratory System (Science)

Respiratory system

Structure of the Respiratory System The RS can be divided into the upper and lower RS.

airway;cilia

The __ includes the nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, bronchial network. is lined with __ that trap microbes and debris and sweep them back toward the mouth.

Functions of the respiratory system

The main function of the respiratory system is to supply the body with oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide. This exchange of gases occurs in millions of tiny alveoli, which are surrounded by blood capillaries also filters air. Air is warmed, moistened, and filtered as it passes through the nasal passage before it reaches the lungs. is responsible for speech. As air passes through the throat, it moves through the larynx (voice box), which vibrates and produces sound, before it enters the trachea (windpipe). the respiratory system is vital in cough production, foreign particles entering the nasal passage or airways are expelled from the body by the respiratory system. functions in the sense of smell. Chemoreceptors that are located in the nasal cavity respond to airborne chemicals. also helps the body maintain acid-base homeostasis. Hyperventilation can increase blood pH during acidosis (low pH). Slowing breathing during alkalosis (high pH) helps to lower blood pH.

respiratory system

__ __can be categorized as part of the airway, the lungs, or the respiratory muscles.

Breathing Process (resp. system)

during the breathing process, the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract to expand the lungs. During inspiration or inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves down, increasing the size of the chest cavity. The intercostal muscles contract and the ribs expand, increasing the size of the chest cavity. As the volume of the chest cavity increases, the pressure inside the chest cavity decreases. Because the outside air is under a greater amount of pressure than the air inside the lungs, air rushes into the lungs. When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, the size of the chest cavity decreases, forcing air out of the lungs (expiration or exhalation). The breathing process is controlled by the portion of the brain stem called the medulla oblongata. the medulla oblongata monitors the level of carbon dioxide in the blood and signals the breathing rate to increase when these level are too high.

upper respiratory system

nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, and larynx

lungs

structures that house the bronchi and bronchial network, which extend into the lungs and terminate in millions of alveoli (air sacs). the walls of the alveoli are only one cell thick, allowing for the exchange of gases with the blood capillaries that surround them. the right lung has three lobes. the left lung has two lobes, leaving room for the heart on the left side of the body the lungs are surrounded by pleural membrane, which reduces friction between surfaces when breathing,

respiratory muscle

the __ __ includes the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The intercostal muscles are located between the ribs

Lower respiratory system

trachea, lungs, and bronchial tree