ATP - Exam II
Social classes are closed in ____, where membership in hierarchically ranked groups known as caste is determined by birth and remains fixed for life according to social and religious mandates
India
What is the primary significance of the African Burial Project?
It has provided information on the physical brutality of slavery and the attempt of various Africans to retain their cultures even through burial rituals
According to Goldstein in "Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife," it is difficult for a male Tibetan to start his own farm because
It is difficult to terrace new land and keep animals stimultaneosly without help
On the basis of her work in northeastern Brazil and on literature describing practices in other parts of the world, Scheper-Hughes "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," feels that
It was natural for poor mothers to maintain emotional distance from infants who are likely to die
Jane Leek, born and raised in the U.S decides to hold a family reunion. She invites her siblings, parents, both sets of grandparents, her great-aunts and great-uncles, their children, her aunts, uncles, and their children. This group brought together for a temporary time, with such vague boundaries, is called
Kindred
A network of relatives within which individuals possess certain mutual rights and obligations is called
Kinship
Tools tend to be fewer and simpler among
Mobile food foragers and pastorals
Which of the following is NOT a Maori cultural concept?
Namus
"Buyer beware!" is the philosophy many North American business people use. What type of reciprocal exchange does this philosophy imply?
Negative
Which family structure provides an easier chance for social mobility?
Nuclear family
The custom of polyandry may end among Tibetans "Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife," living in Nepal because
Of government opposition and new economic opportunities
According to Goldstein in "Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife," Tibetan polyandry functions above all to
Permit richer farmers to maintain their standard of living
The word apartheid, the abolished racial segregation practice in South Africa, means _____ in Afrikaans/Dutch
Seperation
All of the following are associated with polygyny Except:
Shows the lower status of men than women in these socieities
In the U.S, any project requiring a federal permit or license, or using federal funds, by law must be preceded by a
Social impact statement
The ability to change one's class position is called
Social mobility
Although all societies have some kind of incest taboo, the relationship which is considered incestuous may vary. Concepts of incest seem to be related to a group's definitons of endogamy and exogamy, thus suggesting that incest taboos may help to promote
Stability of the family
A society composed of several groups that differ in their access to resources and prestige is said to be
Stratified
The artists and laborers are members of which caste in India?
Sudras
Activities and possessions that are indicative of class are called
Symbolic indicators
From an economist's point of view, "market exchange" is defined by
The buying and selling of goods and services whose value is determined by supply and demand
In an epilogue to her article "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," Scheper_Hughes argues that the primary cause of the decline in infant mortality on the Alto do Cruzeiro was a result of
The installation of water pipes that carried clean water to virtually every home in the shantytown
According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India," which is the most important structural tension associated with marriage in Bhil society?
The shifting of a woman's loyalty, labor, and reproductive potential from her family to her husband's family
All of the following are true of Indian harijan except:
They are quickly disappearing
When a man works hard in his garden in the Trobriand Islands to produce yams, he does this to satisfy which of the following demands?
To gain prestige by giving yams away to his sister's husbands
Clans, because they may have members living in many different villages, depend on ____ to provide symbolic identification and promote solidarity
Totems
According to Goldstein "Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife," it is richer Tibetans living in Nepal who prefer polyandry
True
According to Harris "Life without Chiefs," hunter/gathers had no formal leaders. Instead, there were headmen who were respected people but who had no authority to command anyone to do anything
True
According to Harris "Life without Chiefs," social stratification gained momentum wherever extra food produced by the "inspired diligence of redistributors" could be stored in anticipation of redistribution
True
According to McCurdy, the term feminal kin refers to the relatives of the men who women of one's own line have married, or the relatives of women who have married men of one's own line
True
Both, the Turkana and the Mukogodo peoples of Kenya diminished gifts given to them by anthropologists as a way of diminishing any reciprocation they might feel was expected of them
True
Goldstein argues that Tibetan Polyandry permits wealthy farmers to maintain their higher standard of living
True
Goldstein argues that Tibetan polyandry functions to reduce the birth rate
True
In "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," Cronk argues that gift giving is an important way for people to initiate and maintain relationships in every society
True
In his article, "Family and Kinship in Village India," McCurdy argues that family and kinship relations have been extended to provide support in the market economy
True
When kinship membership is traced either through males or through females but not both, it is called
Unilineal
Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining what caste one is assigned in the Indian caste system?
Wealth
Matrilineal descent groups are associated with farming societies in which _____ performs most of the labor in the house and gardens
Women
In "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," Cronk, reporting on a study by Grace Goodell, notes that monetary support of an irrigation project by the _____ served to _____ in Iran
World Bank/crush local-level political organizations
You belong to a patrilineal descent group. Which of the following belong to the same group?
Your father's sister
If you are a member of a patrilineal descent group
Your sisters belong to the same patrilineal descent group that they do
When a tool is complex and difficult to make, it is usually considered to be owned by
a single individual
In his article entitled "Life without Chiefs," Harris argues that ______ appear to conjunction with ______ exchange
big men/redistribution
Something used to make payments for other goods and services as well as to measure their value is called?
money
The U.S system of paying income taxes every April is an example of
redistribution
A typical Ju/'hoansi band requires about how many square miles of land?
250
In "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," Scheper-Hughes reports that about ____ infants died in Alto do Cruzeiro, Brazil, in 1965
350
Most African slaves found in the burial ground in New York died early. Few lived past the age of
40
In which of the following circumstances would you expect to find the custom of bride price (or bridewealth)
A bride and groom go to live with the groom's people
The Kula ring functions to do all of the following except
Accumulate wealth in the hands of an upper-class elite
When the economy is based on ______ and when the man does most of the productive work, the bride's people may give a dowry that protects the woman against desertion. Dowry is also a statement of her economic status
Agriculture
A residence pattern in which a married couple may choose to live in the husband's father's or wife's mother's place of residence is called
Ambilocal
All of the following are associated with social impact assessments in the U.S except:
Anthropologists do not frequently participate in social impact assessments
North Americans assume that they are related equally to the relatives on both the mother's and father's side. The group composed of such people to whom these individuals feel that they belong is called what kind of descent group?
Bilateral
The period of time that a groom spends in service to the bride's family as a form of economic exchange for marriage's is called
Bride service
Which of the following is a special form of social class in which membership is determined by birth and remains fixed for life?
Caste
The Dalits women's movements in India illustrates that even long-established practices can be
Challenged
An extended unilineal descent group whose members claim descent from a common ancestor but who cannot trace their genealogical links to that ancestor is called
Clan
A set of families that enjoy equal or nearly equal prestige according to a system of evaluation is called a
Class
According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India," the term patrilineage refers to
Closely related men who are all descended from a known ancestor
A family established through marriage is called what type of family
Conjugal
In theBiocultural Connection box Maori Origins, what was the focus of the research on the Maori people?
Connecting DNA types with the people's origin myths
Because Nayar women live with their dependent offspring and their brothers, they are considered what type of family
Consanguineal
In "Family and Kinship in Village India," McCurdy argues that arranged marriages functions to
Create alliances between Bhil families and patrilineages
My mother's brother's son is my
Cross cousin
Anthropologist Sue Ellen Jacobs did a social impact assessment regarding a water diversion project in New Mexico and indicated all of the following problems and risks except:
Decreased government land control
In "Family and Kinship in Village India," McCurdy observes that
Despite the dispersal of relatives as a result of migration to cities for work, Indians maintain a high degree of loyalty to and support of their kin
Among the Yako of Nigeria, an individual might inherit grazing lands from his father's patrilineal group, and livestock and ritual knowledge from his mother's group. This is an example of which kind of descent?
Double
Which one of the following is NOT true about Tibetan polyandry "Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife," Polyandry ______
Eliminates sexual competition among brothers
The woman-woman marriage custom found in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with all of the following Except:
Enables the women to engage in sexual actibity with each other
You are a member of a Ju/'hoansi hunter-gatherer band. Which of the following statements demonstrates that you belong to an egalitarian society as opposed to a stratified society?
Even though you are a poor hunter, you have as much right to receive food from your fellow band members as a good hunter does
What is silent trade?
Exchange of goods between mutually distrusting ethnic groups that do not want personal contact
Through what practice do lineages develop new alliances within the larger social system?
Exogamy
When a society proscribes sexual relations among those it considers too closely related, these are rules of
Exogamy
According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India,"
Extended kinship system are especially well suited to the organization of holding land in agrarian societies
According to Scheper-Hughes in "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," doctors in the Brazilian town of Bom Jesus de Mata often
Failed to recognize malnutrition as the primary cause of illness among poor babies
According to Goldstein, Tibetan polyandry is a response to a shortage of arable land
False
According to McCurdy "Family and Kinship in Village India," marriage allies the families of the bride and groom, which then become equal partners in an association of female kin
False
According to McCurdy, until recently Bhil tribals were permitted to marry people from hir own village, thus limiting the scope of their economic and social worlds
False
Goldstein believes that Tibetan polyandry is a response to high rates of female infanticide
False
In "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," Cronk argues that in most instances of gift giving, donors expect those who have recieved the git to reciprocate promptly
False
In "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," Cronk reports that no matter how little he gave his Mukogodo informants while he was doing fieldwork, they always seemed greateful, which led to a warmer, more trusting relationship demonstrating the positive power of giving
False
McCurdy notes that clans are localized organizations of relatives made up of a person's close male relatives who are all descended from a known common ancestor
False
Two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption are called
Family
According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India," when Bhils visit other villages, they usually stay with
Feminal kin
Marriage by proxy, such as that which might occur with a prisoner, a dead partner for inheritance reasons, or between those seperated by deployement, is called
Fictive marriage
According to Cronk in "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," the Kwaklutl potlatch is a good example of a way to
Fight or flatten social rivals
Dider Drogba hopes to bring positive change in reconciliation through
Football diplomacy
A totem is all of the following Except:
Found in all societies that have lineages
What is the world's longest surviving social hierarchy that encompasses a complex ranking of social groups on the basis of ritual purity?
Hindu caste system
The French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss says that the incest taboo is universal because
Humans have learned to establish alliances with strangers and thereby share and develop culture
