ATP - Exam II

Social classes are closed in ____, where membership in hierarchically ranked groups known as caste is determined by birth and remains fixed for life according to social and religious mandates

India

What is the primary significance of the African Burial Project?

It has provided information on the physical brutality of slavery and the attempt of various Africans to retain their cultures even through burial rituals

According to Goldstein in "Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife," it is difficult for a male Tibetan to start his own farm because

It is difficult to terrace new land and keep animals stimultaneosly without help

On the basis of her work in northeastern Brazil and on literature describing practices in other parts of the world, Scheper-Hughes "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," feels that

It was natural for poor mothers to maintain emotional distance from infants who are likely to die

Jane Leek, born and raised in the U.S decides to hold a family reunion. She invites her siblings, parents, both sets of grandparents, her great-aunts and great-uncles, their children, her aunts, uncles, and their children. This group brought together for a temporary time, with such vague boundaries, is called

Kindred

A network of relatives within which individuals possess certain mutual rights and obligations is called

Kinship

Tools tend to be fewer and simpler among

Mobile food foragers and pastorals

Which of the following is NOT a Maori cultural concept?

Namus

"Buyer beware!" is the philosophy many North American business people use. What type of reciprocal exchange does this philosophy imply?

Negative

Which family structure provides an easier chance for social mobility?

Nuclear family

The custom of polyandry may end among Tibetans "Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife," living in Nepal because

Of government opposition and new economic opportunities

According to Goldstein in "Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife," Tibetan polyandry functions above all to

Permit richer farmers to maintain their standard of living

The word apartheid, the abolished racial segregation practice in South Africa, means _____ in Afrikaans/Dutch

Seperation

All of the following are associated with polygyny Except:

Shows the lower status of men than women in these socieities

In the U.S, any project requiring a federal permit or license, or using federal funds, by law must be preceded by a

Social impact statement

The ability to change one's class position is called

Social mobility

Although all societies have some kind of incest taboo, the relationship which is considered incestuous may vary. Concepts of incest seem to be related to a group's definitons of endogamy and exogamy, thus suggesting that incest taboos may help to promote

Stability of the family

A society composed of several groups that differ in their access to resources and prestige is said to be

Stratified

The artists and laborers are members of which caste in India?

Sudras

Activities and possessions that are indicative of class are called

Symbolic indicators

From an economist's point of view, "market exchange" is defined by

The buying and selling of goods and services whose value is determined by supply and demand

In an epilogue to her article "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," Scheper_Hughes argues that the primary cause of the decline in infant mortality on the Alto do Cruzeiro was a result of

The installation of water pipes that carried clean water to virtually every home in the shantytown

According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India," which is the most important structural tension associated with marriage in Bhil society?

The shifting of a woman's loyalty, labor, and reproductive potential from her family to her husband's family

All of the following are true of Indian harijan except:

They are quickly disappearing

When a man works hard in his garden in the Trobriand Islands to produce yams, he does this to satisfy which of the following demands?

To gain prestige by giving yams away to his sister's husbands

Clans, because they may have members living in many different villages, depend on ____ to provide symbolic identification and promote solidarity

Totems

According to Goldstein "Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife," it is richer Tibetans living in Nepal who prefer polyandry

True

According to Harris "Life without Chiefs," hunter/gathers had no formal leaders. Instead, there were headmen who were respected people but who had no authority to command anyone to do anything

True

According to Harris "Life without Chiefs," social stratification gained momentum wherever extra food produced by the "inspired diligence of redistributors" could be stored in anticipation of redistribution

True

According to McCurdy, the term feminal kin refers to the relatives of the men who women of one's own line have married, or the relatives of women who have married men of one's own line

True

Both, the Turkana and the Mukogodo peoples of Kenya diminished gifts given to them by anthropologists as a way of diminishing any reciprocation they might feel was expected of them

True

Goldstein argues that Tibetan Polyandry permits wealthy farmers to maintain their higher standard of living

True

Goldstein argues that Tibetan polyandry functions to reduce the birth rate

True

In "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," Cronk argues that gift giving is an important way for people to initiate and maintain relationships in every society

True

In his article, "Family and Kinship in Village India," McCurdy argues that family and kinship relations have been extended to provide support in the market economy

True

When kinship membership is traced either through males or through females but not both, it is called

Unilineal

Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining what caste one is assigned in the Indian caste system?

Wealth

Matrilineal descent groups are associated with farming societies in which _____ performs most of the labor in the house and gardens

Women

In "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," Cronk, reporting on a study by Grace Goodell, notes that monetary support of an irrigation project by the _____ served to _____ in Iran

World Bank/crush local-level political organizations

You belong to a patrilineal descent group. Which of the following belong to the same group?

Your father's sister

If you are a member of a patrilineal descent group

Your sisters belong to the same patrilineal descent group that they do

When a tool is complex and difficult to make, it is usually considered to be owned by

a single individual

In his article entitled "Life without Chiefs," Harris argues that ______ appear to conjunction with ______ exchange

big men/redistribution

Something used to make payments for other goods and services as well as to measure their value is called?

money

The U.S system of paying income taxes every April is an example of

redistribution

A typical Ju/'hoansi band requires about how many square miles of land?

250

In "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," Scheper-Hughes reports that about ____ infants died in Alto do Cruzeiro, Brazil, in 1965

350

Most African slaves found in the burial ground in New York died early. Few lived past the age of

40

In which of the following circumstances would you expect to find the custom of bride price (or bridewealth)

A bride and groom go to live with the groom's people

The Kula ring functions to do all of the following except

Accumulate wealth in the hands of an upper-class elite

When the economy is based on ______ and when the man does most of the productive work, the bride's people may give a dowry that protects the woman against desertion. Dowry is also a statement of her economic status

Agriculture

A residence pattern in which a married couple may choose to live in the husband's father's or wife's mother's place of residence is called

Ambilocal

All of the following are associated with social impact assessments in the U.S except:

Anthropologists do not frequently participate in social impact assessments

North Americans assume that they are related equally to the relatives on both the mother's and father's side. The group composed of such people to whom these individuals feel that they belong is called what kind of descent group?

Bilateral

The period of time that a groom spends in service to the bride's family as a form of economic exchange for marriage's is called

Bride service

Which of the following is a special form of social class in which membership is determined by birth and remains fixed for life?

Caste

The Dalits women's movements in India illustrates that even long-established practices can be

Challenged

An extended unilineal descent group whose members claim descent from a common ancestor but who cannot trace their genealogical links to that ancestor is called

Clan

A set of families that enjoy equal or nearly equal prestige according to a system of evaluation is called a

Class

According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India," the term patrilineage refers to

Closely related men who are all descended from a known ancestor

A family established through marriage is called what type of family

Conjugal

In theBiocultural Connection box Maori Origins, what was the focus of the research on the Maori people?

Connecting DNA types with the people's origin myths

Because Nayar women live with their dependent offspring and their brothers, they are considered what type of family

Consanguineal

In "Family and Kinship in Village India," McCurdy argues that arranged marriages functions to

Create alliances between Bhil families and patrilineages

My mother's brother's son is my

Cross cousin

Anthropologist Sue Ellen Jacobs did a social impact assessment regarding a water diversion project in New Mexico and indicated all of the following problems and risks except:

Decreased government land control

In "Family and Kinship in Village India," McCurdy observes that

Despite the dispersal of relatives as a result of migration to cities for work, Indians maintain a high degree of loyalty to and support of their kin

Among the Yako of Nigeria, an individual might inherit grazing lands from his father's patrilineal group, and livestock and ritual knowledge from his mother's group. This is an example of which kind of descent?

Double

Which one of the following is NOT true about Tibetan polyandry "Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife," Polyandry ______

Eliminates sexual competition among brothers

The woman-woman marriage custom found in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with all of the following Except:

Enables the women to engage in sexual actibity with each other

You are a member of a Ju/'hoansi hunter-gatherer band. Which of the following statements demonstrates that you belong to an egalitarian society as opposed to a stratified society?

Even though you are a poor hunter, you have as much right to receive food from your fellow band members as a good hunter does

What is silent trade?

Exchange of goods between mutually distrusting ethnic groups that do not want personal contact

Through what practice do lineages develop new alliances within the larger social system?

Exogamy

When a society proscribes sexual relations among those it considers too closely related, these are rules of

Exogamy

According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India,"

Extended kinship system are especially well suited to the organization of holding land in agrarian societies

According to Scheper-Hughes in "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," doctors in the Brazilian town of Bom Jesus de Mata often

Failed to recognize malnutrition as the primary cause of illness among poor babies

According to Goldstein, Tibetan polyandry is a response to a shortage of arable land

False

According to McCurdy "Family and Kinship in Village India," marriage allies the families of the bride and groom, which then become equal partners in an association of female kin

False

According to McCurdy, until recently Bhil tribals were permitted to marry people from hir own village, thus limiting the scope of their economic and social worlds

False

Goldstein believes that Tibetan polyandry is a response to high rates of female infanticide

False

In "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," Cronk argues that in most instances of gift giving, donors expect those who have recieved the git to reciprocate promptly

False

In "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," Cronk reports that no matter how little he gave his Mukogodo informants while he was doing fieldwork, they always seemed greateful, which led to a warmer, more trusting relationship demonstrating the positive power of giving

False

McCurdy notes that clans are localized organizations of relatives made up of a person's close male relatives who are all descended from a known common ancestor

False

Two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption are called

Family

According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India," when Bhils visit other villages, they usually stay with

Feminal kin

Marriage by proxy, such as that which might occur with a prisoner, a dead partner for inheritance reasons, or between those seperated by deployement, is called

Fictive marriage

According to Cronk in "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," the Kwaklutl potlatch is a good example of a way to

Fight or flatten social rivals

Dider Drogba hopes to bring positive change in reconciliation through

Football diplomacy

A totem is all of the following Except:

Found in all societies that have lineages

What is the world's longest surviving social hierarchy that encompasses a complex ranking of social groups on the basis of ritual purity?

Hindu caste system

The French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss says that the incest taboo is universal because

Humans have learned to establish alliances with strangers and thereby share and develop culture