Attempt 1

What is resting membrane potential

-70mv

A selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) drug has what characteristics?

-blocks the re-uptake of the monoamine serotonin from the synapse back into the pre-synaptic neuron -used primarily to treat mood disorders such as depression and panic disorder

Which molecule has more potential energy (stored energy) within its chemical bonds? ATP or ADP?

ATP adenosine triphosphate

What are the primary types of tissues?

Epithelial, nerve, connective, muscle

The resting membrane (one not producing impulses) is most permeable to which ion?

K+

Damage to the substantial nigra part of the midbrain which results in a decrease in the release of Dopamine would most likely result in the formation of ___ disease

Parkinson's

During which sleep phase do we dream the most and have very little movement of the arms and legs?

REM sleep

Which muscle fibers would be innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

Smooth and cardiac muscles- due to their nature of being involuntary

A decrease in mean arterial pressure is detected by ___

a sensor

when a sensor is activated what homeostatic process is occurring?

a stressor is moving the variable away from the set point

In general, the brains of which of the following individuals would have the greatest plasticity?

a two- year old

Which neurotransmitter is NOT inactivated by transport out of the synaptic space back into the presynaptic axon (direct reuptake of the intact neurotransmitter)?

acetylcholine

The drug curare blocks the binding of the neurotransmitter to the receptor in skeletal muscles. Therefore the drug curare blocks:

acetylcholine binding to nicotinic receptors

If a wild monkey had this part of the limbic system removed they would longer become fearful if a snake was placed into their cage

amygdala (fear and emotions)

the blood brain barrier results mostly from the action of ___, a type of neuroglia.

astrocytes

The first action potential in a neuron is usually produced at the ____

axon hillock

At what temperature does an enzyme work best?

body temp- 37 degrees c or 98.2 F

In which type of aphasia does the patient have difficulty with articulating (such as speaking) language?

broca's aphasia

What is/are a result(s) of increased parasympathetic nervous system activity?

bronchiolar constriction in the lungs, increased tears from the lacrimal glands, decreased heart rate

Which of the following regulates the timing and force of movements helps control posture, and is the second-largest brain structure?

cerebellum

The chemical force (concentration gradient) for which ions is directed into the cell?

chloride ions, calcium ions, sodium ions

If blood glucose levels decrease from normal, which of the following changes takes place to bring glucose levels back to normal?

decrease in insulin, increase in glucagon (back to homeostasis)

Basal ganglia (nuclei) are located in the ____ and function to ____.

deep regions of the cerebral hemispheres; aid in control of motor activities

An awake adult with the EEG wave pattern will usually have brain damage

delta

what area of a neuron contains the most ligand (chemical) regulated gates?

dendrites have the most ligands

Low density lipoproteins (LDLs) are unhealthy in large amounts because they ___

deposit cholesterol in the arteries by receptor-mediated endocytosis

when is the cell hyper polarized?

dropping below -70mv

What are major functions of the hypothalamus?

feeling full or hungry, temperature regulation

If the potential at the axon hillock of a typically neuron is changed from -55mv to -35mv the ____

frequency of action potentials generated would increase

Which cerebral lobe is MOST important in making good judgments?

frontal

Which imaging method shows increased blood flow by responding to increased blood oxygen levels within tissues and does not require the use of radiation?

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

A chemical reaction rate can be increased by either ____ the temperature or ____ the activation energy.

increasing, decreasing

The ___ lobe is involved in converting short term memory to long term memory (consolidation)

medial temporal

The vasomotor center (the part of the brain that controls blood vessel diameter and blood pressure) is located in the ____

medulla oblongata

The act of tying your shoes uses primarily

non declarative (procedural ) memory

during the first half of our sleeping time we spend more time in ___

non-REM sleep

describe osmosis

occurs if the solution on one side of the membrane is more concentrated than the other is the net movement of water from a compartment containing more water to a compartment containing less water

Which type of cell(s) enhance(s) the velocity of electrical transmission of an action potential along an axon in the nervous system?

oligodendrocytes(CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS)

Which causes increased sexual function/activity?

parasympathetic autonomic nervous system, sympathetic system

The study of how disease or injury alters physiological processes is termed ___

pathophysiology

which homeostatic system is LESS common in the body?

positive feedback

in the autonomic nervous system, the neurons that have their cell bodies in the thoracic or lumbar region of the spinal cord are ___

preganglionic sympathetic neurons

if a person has Neglect Syndrome, which specific lobe of the brain is most likely damaged?

right parietal lobe

when glucose is being cotransported by secondary active transport what else is happening?

sodium ion is moving down it's concentration gradient

What are the factors that influence the rate of diffusion across a membrane?

steepness of the concentration gradient, temperature, membrane surface area, permeability of the plasma membrane

A car cuts you off on Highway 29 and you decide to ram the offender vehicle with your car. Later, it is determined that you have brain damage which may have caused you to act so out of character. What is the most likely location for your brain damage?

the connection between the limbic system and the frontal lobe of the cerebrum

A person is dehydrated resulting in an increase in the plasma osmolality (concentration) above normal. Due to this change what will occur?

the red blood cells tend to decrease in size (crenation)

What causes skeletal muscle to contract?

the somatic nervous system

In what stages of action potential are the Na+ gates open?

they open at threshold (-55mv) and during depolarization

What is meant by repolarization in the cell?

when the K+ channels open creating the inside of the cell to become more negative with K+ leaving the cell, therefore the downward slope towards -70mv