Autonomic Nervous System 1-4

List the organs served by each parasympathetic ganglion.

Ciliary ganglion: eyes; Pterygopalatine ganglion: glands and mucous membrane

The Somatic Nervous System: SNS

Includes sensory and motor neurons. Sensory neurons convey touch, thermal, pain, motion and body position and special senses: vision, hearing, taste, smell, equilibrium and are consciously perceived. Somatic motor neurons effect skeletal muscles which produce voluntary movements, contract, and are always excitation.

The Autonomic Nervous System: ANS

Sensory neurons or, interceptors, located in the blood vessels, visceral organs, muscles, and nervous system that monitor the internal environment: blood levels, the stretch of organs and blood vessels. They are not consciously perceived, but can be sensations such as chest pain from inadequate blood flow to the heart. Motor neurons regulate by exciting or inhibiting activities in cardiac, smooth muscle and glands: pupil dilation, constriction of blood vessels and heartbeat.

List the organs served by each sympathetic ganglion.

Superior cervical ganglion: eyes, glands, mucous membrane, atrial heart muscles; Middle cervical ganglion: ventricle heart muscles and nodes; Inferior cervical ganglion: Lungs; Celiac ganglion: Liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas; Aorticorenal ganglion: kidney; Superior mesenteric ganglion: small intestine; Inferior mesenteric ganglion: bladder, genitals, uterus

What are the main input and output components of the ANS?

The output (motor) has a sympathetic and a parasympathetic neurons. Most organs receive impulses from both excitation (sympathetic) to increase activity and inhibition (parasympathetic) to decrease activity.

What is the difference between the preganglionic neuron and the postganglionic neuron

The preganglionic neuron's cell body is located in the brain or spinal cord and exits the CNS as part of the brain or spinal nerve. It synapse with the postganglionic neuron which lies entirely outside the CNS. The preganglionic neurons convey nerve impulses from CNS to autonomic ganglia and postganglionic neurons convey impulses from the autonomic ganglia to the visceral effectors.

Why is sympathetic division called thoracolumbar division even though its ganglia extend from the cervical to the sacral region?

Their neuron's cell bodies are located in the lateral horns of gray matter in the 12 thoracic segments and the first two or three lumbar segments of the spinal cord.