Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

The Autonomic Nervous System or ANS is divided into how many divisions?

2

The neurons of the ANS or Autonomic Nervous System are in a ___ ______ series between the CNS or Central Nervous System and the organ.

2 Neuron

What percent release Epinephrine and what percent release Norepinerphrine when stimulated by the preganglionic neurons?

80% and 20%

The 2 neurotransmitters found in the Autonomic Nervous System are ?

Acetylcholine (ACh) and Norepinerphrine

When a neuron releases norepinephrine it is referred to as?

Adrenergic Neuron

The ______ Nervous System (ANS) innervates tissue that there is no voluntary control over - cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands

Autonomic

Most organs receive pathways from ____ of these divisions and maintain homeostasis by having the ______ effects.

Both, Opposite

The pre and post ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system will synapse in the ?

Chain Ganglia

When a neuron releases ACh, it is referred to as ?

Cholinergic Neuron

In the cranial region of the parasympathetic branch what Cranial Nerve is the major pair of parasympathetic nerves?

Cranial Nerve X / Vagus Nerves

Sympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System is also called the ?

Fight or Flight system

Most organs receive both _____ and _____ fibers and are said to have ?

Most organs receive both PARASYMPATHETIC and SYMPATHETIC fibers and are said to have DUAL INNERVATION

Type of Neuron : Cholinergic Neuron

Neurotransmitter Released: ACh Possible Receptor Type: Nicotinic or Muscarinic

Type of Neuron : Adrenergic Neuron

Neurotransmitter Released: Norepinephrine Possible Receptor Type: Alpha or Beta

For most organs the _________ _______ is in control under normal circumstances.

Parasympathetic Branch

The 2 neuron series are the ?

Preganglionic Neuron and the Postganglionic

Parasympathetic Branch of the Central Nervous System / Craniosacral Division =

Rest and Digest

Some functions will increase under parasympathetic control = SLUDD

Salvation Lacrimation (tear production) Urination Digestion Defecation

Since the chain ganglia are located so close to the vertebral column, the preganglionic neuron is typically _____ while the post is _____.

Since the chain ganglia are located so close to the vertebral column, the preganglionic neuron is typically SHORT while the post is LONG.

The _______ _____ are another pathway of the sympathetic branch.

The ADRENAL GLANDS are another pathway of the sympathetic branch.

The _____ pass through the spinal nerves with many of the leaving and ______ with the post synaptic neurons within _______.

The AXONS pass through the spinal nerves with many of the leaving and SYNAPSING with the post synaptic neurons within GANGLIA.

The Autonomic Nervous System has 2 principal divisions

The Parasympathetic and the Sympathetic Branches

What are the 2 divisions that the Autonomic Nervous System is divided into?

The Sympathetic and the Parasympathetic Divisions

The numerous synapsing that occurs in the ganglia all for _____ ______, allowing for rapid changes in activity with numerous structures at once.

The numerous synapsing that occurs in the ganglia all for MASS ACTIVATION, allowing for rapid changes in activity with numerous structures at once.

The Autonomic Nervous System keeps the ______ within optimal ranges and adjusts the _______ to meet the changing body needs.

Variables, Variables

The Somatic Nervous System is responsible for _____ responses by innervating skeletal muscles.

Voluntary

Ganglion =

a group of cell bodies in the PNS or Peripheral Nervous System

Anatomically, the parasympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous System arises from the ?

brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord, is the system usually in charge

What is the Chain Ganglia

chain-like structures that lie on either side of the vertebral column

Both the preganglionic and postganglionic neuron are ?

cholinergie, releases ACh

The Parasympathetic Branch is mostly concerned with ?

conserving energy and replenishing nutrient stores

When the vagus nerves are stimulated they lead to activities such as?

decrease in heart rate, decrease in respiration and stimulate secretion from the digestive system

Stimulation of the sympathetic division will cause what to decrease?

digestive contractions and in the amount of blood going to the kidneys to make urine

The cell bodies of the preganglionic neuron of the sympathetic system are found in the ?

gray matter of the spinal cord between T1 and L2

The Parasympathetic Branch functions to maintain _________ during rest and everyday functioning.

homeostasis

After Mass Activation the axons go the the organ that they ?

innervate

The Autonomic Nervous System regulates?

involuntary processes such as the regulation of the heart, lungs, blood pressure, body temperature, sweating and digestion

Typically, the preganglionic neuron is ______ than the post ganglionic, because the ganglia are located next to or within the target tissue.

longer

With dual innervation the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervations cause ?

opposite reactions, maintaining homeostasis

The adrenal glands are different because it consists of only ?

preganglionic fibers that travel from the Central Nervous System to the adrenal gland directly

Parasympathetic division is also known as ?

rest and digest

Stimulation of the sympathetic division increases what?

the heart rate to increase, the contraction force of the heart to increase blood pressure to increase, respiration to increase, more blood to reach the large muscle groups of the legs in order to run

The Adrenal Medulla is ?

the inner region of the adrenal gland

The sympathetic division allows the body to function when?

under stress