AVC: scapula, humerus, radius and ulna
Supraglenoid tubercle
cranial side of scapula, cranial part of glenoid cavity
Radial fossa
cranial surface of the humeral condyle; communicates with olecranon fossa through the supratrochlear foramen
Greater tubercle of the humerus
craniolateral part of the proximal extremity; convex at its summit and usually higher than the head
Olecranon fossa
deep excavation of the caudal part of the humeral condyle
Acromion
distal end of the scapular spine; deltoid muscle arises here
Ulnar lateral coronoid process
distal end of trochlear notch
Ulnar medial coronoid process
distal end of trochlear notch; larger than lateral coronoid process
Ulnar styloid process (lateral styloid)
distal extremity of the ulna; articulates with the ulnar and accessory carpal bones
Radial styloid process (medial styloid)
distal part of the radius
Ulnar Interosseous border
distinct, rough and irregular; large expansive, but low eminance
Medial epicondyle
enlarged distomedial end of the humerus proximal to the trochlea; larger than the lateral epicondyle
Supraspinous fossa
entire lateral surface cranial to the spine of the scapula
Anconeal process
fits into olecranon fossa of humerus when elbow joint is extended
Scapula
flat, triangular bone possessing two surfaces, three borders and three angles
Radial articular circumference
for articulation with the radial notch of the ulna
Scapular neck
immediately proximal to the glenoid cavity, narrowest part of the scapula
Ulnar olecranon
includes olecranon tuber and anconeal proess; serves as lever arm for the extensor muscle
Scapular serrated face
insertion for serratus ventralis muscle; small proximal and cranial rectangular area
Capitulum
small articular area lateral to the ridge; articulates only with the head of the radius
Coracoid process
small bleb on medial side of supraglenoid tubercle
Lateral epicondyle
smaller than the medial epicondyle and occupies the enlarged distolateral end of the humerus proximal to the capitulum
Ulnar trochlear notch
smooth, vertical, half-moon shaped concavity facing cranially; articulates with trochlea of the humerus
Radial trochlea
Distal extremity of the radius. The lateral surface is the ulnar notch (slightly concave area with a facet for articulation with the ulna). The medial surface of the distal extremity ends in a rounded projection, the medial styloid process.
Ulna
Combines with the radius to form the antebrachium (forearm). The ulna is the longer of the two bones and articulates proximally with the humerus and radius and distally with the radius, ulnar and accessory carpal bones.
Radius
Combines with the ulna to form the antebrachium (forearm). The radius is the shorter of the two bones and articulates proximally with the humerus and ulna and distally with the carpus
Ulnar radial notch
articular surface with radius
Trochlea
articulates with both the radius and ulna
Humeral head
articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula
Glenoid cavity
articulates with the head of the humerus
Humeral intertubercular groove
begins at cranial end of articular area; separates the greater and lesser tubercles
Infraspinous fossa
caudal to the scapular spine, triangular
Lesser tubercle of the humerus
lies on medial side of the proximal extremity of the humerus; it is not as large of high as the greater tubercle
Humerus
located on the brachium (arm), articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder joint and articulates with the radius and ulna to form the elbow joint
Scapular spine
most prominent feature of the bone, separates scapula into supra and infra-spinous fossae
Supratrochlear foramen
opening on distal humerus through which no soft structures pass through
Radial head
widest medial to lateral, forms proximally an oval, depressed articular surface called with fovea capitis, which articulates with the capitulum of the humerus