Aviation Dependent Navigation Systems

What is included in a GPS error budget? (5-38)

-Ionospheric effects -Ephemerides -Clock errors -Multi-path effect -Tropospheric effect -Calculation errors

What is the ARINC standard VOR composite signal level? (5-10)

0.5 V rms

The radiation pattern from a VOR station rotates at _______________ r.p.m. (5-6)

1,800

What is the GPS L2 frequency? (5-36)

1.2776 GHz

What is the GPS L1 frequency? (5-36)

1.57542 GHz

How many channels are available for DME? (5-26)

100

What is the frequency range for VHF navigation? (5-5)

108 MHz to 117.95 MHz

The VHF navigation band ranges from _______________ MHz to _______________ MHz. (5-5)

108.00, 117.95

Odd tenths of MHz below _______________ MHz are reserved for localizer use. (5-12)

112.00

It may take a GNSS up to _______________ minutes to download a complete almanac. (5-37)

12.5

With good signal reception, how long does it take to download a complete almanac? (5-37)

12.5 minutes

DME X-mode pulses are spaced _______________ apart. (5-27)

12µS

What is the airborne transmitter pulse spacing in X mode? (5-29)

12µS

How many channels are available for VOR navigation? (5-5)

160

_______________ channels are available for VOR use. (5-5)

160

How far from a station is an aircraft for it to receive a signal back from the ground station when the DME in X mode measures 2.522 mS? (5-27)

200 nautical miles

Which of the following frequencies could be received by an ADF? (5-40)

250 kHz

An aircraft is directly west of a VOR station, on what radial is it? (5-7)

270°

The inner marker light is activated by a _______________ tone. (5-19, 3-20)

3,000 MHz

DME Y-mode pulses transmitted from the ground me _______________ apart. (5-27)

30µS

What is the DME transponder transmitter pulse spacing in Y mode? (5-29)

30µS

What is the frequency range available for glideslope? (5-22)

329.15 MHz to 335 MHz

The glideslope band ranges from _______________ MHz to _______________ MHz. (5-22)

329.15, 335

DME Y-mode pulses transmitted from the air are _______________ apart. (5-29)

36µS

What is the airborne transmitter pulse spacing in Y mode? (5-29)

36µS

How many satellites are necessary for a GNSS to determine a 3d fix? (5-36)

4

How many channels are available for glideslope? (5-22)

40

How many channels are available for localizer use? (5-12)

40

Within the VHF navigation band, _______________ channels are available for localizer use. (5-12)

40

There are _______________ channels available for glideslope. (5-22)

40 UHF

Which of the statements below is true regarding lights, locations and modulating tones? (5-19)

400 Hz/outer/blue; 1300 Hz/middle/amber; 3000 Hz/inner/white

What are the ground delay times for X and Y modes? (5-28)

50 µS for X and 56 µS for Y

DME transmit and receive frequencies are _______________ MHz apart. (5-28)

63

Marker beacon receivers are tuned to _______________. (5-19)

75 MHz

What is the radio frequency used for marker beacons? (5-19)

75 MHz

The LOC composite signal consists of the algebraic addition _______________ and _______________. (5-14)

90 Hz, 150Hz

What is the frequency range for DME? (5-26)

978 MHz to 1,213 MHz

DME transponders transmit on channels between _______________ and _______________. (5-27)

978 MHz, 1,213 MHz

Which of the following statements is true? (5-37)

A GPS with poor GDOP is less accurate than one with good GDOP

What is the RMI shown above indicating? (5-8)

A heading of 0° and a bearing of 60° to the station

Most CDIs are constructed to _______________ standards. (5-8)

ARINC

What modulates the glideslope carrier frequency? (5-23)

Algebraically added 90 Hz and 150 Hz signals

_______________ error shows up as distance error. (5-34)

Along-track

_______________ systems allow aircraft to get navigation information relative to any spot within designated area. (5-32)

Area navigation

Which statement is true regarding a navigation system rated at RNP-4? (5-40)

Both cross and along track errors do not exceed 4 NM 95 percent of the time

How is a glide scope similar to a localizer system? (5-24)

Both systems are modulated with 90 Hz and 150 Hz, they each have a single course and both rely on measurement of the relative modulation strength.

A / An _______________ allows the pilot determine the aircraft's relationship to the course. (5-7)

CDI

What is the purpose of the VOR/LOC converter? (5-13)

Change the composite electrical signals into a form that can be displayed to the pilot

_______________ are used to change the composite signals into voltages that can be displayed on an indicator. (5-13)

Converters

_______________ is the path over which the aircraft is flying. (5-4)

Course

_______________ error is inaccuracy across the flight track. (5-34)

Cross-track

Which instrument listed below can show heading, but not course? (5-3, 5-4)

DG

_______________ is an active system which transmits and receives information from a ground station. (5-26)

DME

Where is slant range error the highest? (5-27)

Directly over the station

What does the IDENT filter do? (5-10)

Filters out the 1020 Hz identifier tone

WAAS and LAAS are two forms of _______________. (5-38)

GBAS

_______________ is a generic term for satellite navigation. (5-34)

GNSS

What information below is contained in a GPS almanac? (5-37)

GPS clock errors

What shape are DME pulses? (5-27)

Gaussian

_______________ provides _______________ guidance to the end of the runway. (5-22)

Glideslope, vertical

_______________ is the compass direction which the aircraft is pointed. (5-3)

Heading

Which statement is true regarding the VOR composite signal? (5-13)

It is comprised of a 30 Hz signal and a 9,960 Hz signal, changing frequency continuously at a 30 Hz rate

What allows a DME to recognize its own return pluses? (5-28)

Jitter

SVs broadcast on two frequencies, _______________ and _______________. (5-36)

L1, L2

ADF operates on the _______________ and _______________ bands. (5-40)

LF, MF

________________ is a ground-based system used to give the aircraft horizontal guidance to the runway. (5-11)

Localizer

Why is the OBS inoperative in LOC mode? (5-13)

Localizers have only one course

_______________ is the most common altitude reference used by aircrafts. (5-2)

MSL

Marker beacon antennas are _______________ type. (5-21)

Marconi

_______________ are used for east and west measurements. (5-2)

Meridans

The pilot uses the _______________ to choose a course. (5-7)

OBS

What frequencies are available for localizer use? (5-12)

Odd tenths of MHz, and odd tenths of MHz plus 50 kHz below 112 MHz

Where and how should ADF system be tested? (5-41)

Outside with the engine running

_______________ are used for north and south measurements. (5-2)

Parallels

The United States is beginning to define airspace by _______________. (5-40)

RNP

_______________ are imaginary lines on the ground which radiate from a VOR station. (5-7)

Radials

_______________ is a direction relative to the aircraft heading. (5-40)

Relative bearing

Draw a block diagram of a VOR/DME area navigation system. (5-33; Figure -5-5-5)

See attached figure

Draw a block diagram of a generic VOR converter. (5-14; Figure 5-2-25)

See attached figure

Draw a block diagram of a generic marker beacon. (5-20; Figure 5-2-33 or 5-21; Figure 5-2-34)

See attached figure

Draw a block diagram of a generic remote-mounted DME system. (5-30; Figure 5-4-6)

See attached figure

Draw a block diagram of a generic remote-mounted VHF navigation system. (5-10; Figure 5-2-16)

See attached figure

Draw a block diagram of a generic remote-mounted glide slope system. (5-25; Figure 5-3-6)

See attached figure

Draw a block diagram of a localizer converter. (5-15; Figure 5-2-27)

See attached figure

_______________ provides both bearing and distance information. (5-26)

TACAN

Why should a ADF be tested outside with the engine running? (5-41)

The ADF system should be tested outside because it is affected easily by noise.

Which statement below is true regarding VOR/DME R-NAV? (5-33)

The RNAV computer replaces the VOR converter

Which statement is true, if an aircraft is on the 45° parallel: (5-2)

The aircraft is halfway between the equator and the north pole

What is the CDI shown above indicating? (5-8)

The aircraft is heading 300°, the selected course is to the left, and the station is behind the aircraft

Which statement is true regarding the VOR composite signal: (5-13)

The carrier is amplitude modulated with a 9,960 Hz subcarrier that is frequency modulated with 30 Hz

How does an RNAV compute bearing and distance? (5-32)

The computer performs trigonometry

A VHF navigation system works in VOR but not in LOC. What is the most likely reason? (5-10, 5-16)

The converter is switching to localizer mode.

When flying a back course approach, how does the CDI indicate? (5-13)

The deviation bar indicates in reverse

In flight, a marker system does not light up the blue bulb, although the amber and white bulbs work normally. All bulbs light when pressed to test. What is the most likely cause of the problems? (5-21, 5-22)

The most likely cause of the problem is weak reception due to a bad antenna or a malfunctioning receiver.

Why is a resolver necessary in VOR converters? (5-14)

The resolver shifts the phase of either the reference or variable portion of the composite so any radial can be chosen.

Before troubleshooting a VOR/DME RNAV, what must the technician ensure works? (5-34)

The technician must ensure that the DME and the VHF navigation systems are operational.

DME operates in the _______________ band and is controlled by the VHF _______________ system control head. (5-26)

UHF, navigation

When flying _______________, the pilot uses an aeronautical chart to fly from one visual landmark to the next. (5-1)

VFR

_______________ is a navigation system used to guide aircraft flying cross country. (5-5)

VOR

The vast majority of VHF navigation systems combine _______________ and _______________. (5-11)

VOR, localizer

A pilot with a generic, remote-mounted VHF navigation system complains of VOR accuracy problems, how would you troubleshoot the system? (5-10; but note, an understanding of the configuration of the navigation system that is covered throughout the chapter necessary)

Verify the problem with a flight line test; remove the converter for calibration.

What DME mode is used when the VHF navigation system is tuned to 108.2 MHz (5-26)

X

DME _______________ channels are assigned to navigation channels with a 0 in the 50 kHZ position. (5-26)

X-mode

What DME mode is used when the VHF navigation system is tuned to 109.15 MHz? (5-26), (5-27)

Y

DME _______________ channels are assigned to navigation channels with a 5 in the 50 kHZ positon. (5-26, 5-27)

Y-mode

The middle marker uses a/an _______________ light. (5-19)

amber

Multiple VHF navigation systems may share a/an _______________. (5-16)

antenna

FAA advisory Circular 53.13-2B contains instructions on a field-built _______________. (5-16)

balum

Marker beacon antennas must be mounted on the _______________ of the airframe. (5-21)

bottom

In the aircraft, a VHF navigation system will include a _______________. _______________, _______________ and CDI. (5-10)

control head, receiver, converter

In order to resolve ambiguity, satellite system must receive signals from _______________ satellites. (5-36)

four

Error based on line of position angles is known as _______________ of _______________. (5-38)

geometric dilution, precision

When navigating, the pilot must determine a proper _______________ heading. (5-5)

intercept

Random variation between pulse pairs are called _______________. (5-28)

jitter

The equator is at 0* _______________. (5-2)

latitude

The north pole is at 90* _______________. (5-2)

latitude

Electronically, glideslope systems are quite similar to _______________ systems. (5-24)

localizer

The _______________ system is used to mark specific points along the ILS approach. (5-19)

marker beacon

The _______________ marker is farthest from the runway. (5-19)

outer

The _______________ is the datum or reference for east west navigation. (5-2)

prime meridan

The VOR composite signal consists of a 9,960 Hz _______________ frequency and a 30 Hz _______________ frequency. (5-13)

reference, variable

The glideslope ground station radiates two _______________. (5-23)

signals

DME measures _______________ range. (5-27)

slant

Random transmissions from the DME transponder are called _______________. (5-28)

squitter

Satellite navigation systems operate using the principle of _______________ navigation. (5-35)

time delay

VOR/DME area navigation systems are _______________ computers. (5-32)

trigonometry

VHF navigation signals always have _______________ components. (5-13)

two

In most cases, the VHF navigation antenna is mounted on the _______________. (5-16)

vertical stabilizer