AWQ Oceans

Two characteristics of the rivers which carry the most plastics are:1)_________________ and 2)__________________________________.

1)a high population and 2)a less than ideal waste management process.

_____ river systems carry 90% of the plastics into the oceans.

10

Spectacular oil tanker disasters account for only ___% of global marine oil pollution. 35% comes from ________ traffic and 45% comes from volatile oil constituents which are emitted into the atmosphere and then enter the ________.

10, tanker, water

According to the Ocean Conservancy, 8 to 12 million metric tons of plastic enter the ocean each year in addition to the already _____ million metric tons already in the oceans.

150

80% of marine debris is generated on land and __% on sea.

20

The Ocean Cleanup project hopes to reduce the plastic pollution in the ocean 90% by ____. They hope to have 60 systems in place by ________.

2040, 2021

Cruise ships represent 1% of marine vessels, but produce ___% of ship-sourced waste.

25

Over the past 25 years, ___% of marine debris was cigarettes and their filters.

32

After an oil spill, regeneration on exposed rocks and sandy shores takes a few months and____ years; regeneration on protected rocky shores and coral reefs between___ and more than ____ years; and regeneration in protected soft substrates, salt marshes, mangroves between ___ and more than _____ years.

5, 2, 10, 2, 20

The Ocean Cleanup hopes to remove __% of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch plastics in the next 5 years.

50

If you tried to clean up less than 1 % of the North Pacific Ocean it would take ___ ships.

67

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is _____ million square miles.

7

A 2018 study concluded that the Great Pacific Garbage Dump contains ________ tons of ocean plastic.

79000

__ million tons of plastic enter the oceans each year. 60-80% of all marine debris is made of ______.

8, plastic

__________ and toothbrushes were considered the most weird finds on Coastal Cleanup day.

Appliances

The material in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch comes from the nations of the Pacific Rim. Most of the plastic trash comes from _______.

Asia

Over time, ______ (continent) is expected to decrease its plastic pollution while ______(continent) will continue to increase. Currently , _______(continent) is the largest producer of plastic waste.

Asia, Africa, Asia

In the Great Lakes, spherical pieces of plastic less than 1 mm in diameter have been found. They are the microbeads advertised in facial scrubs as exfoliating agents. The movement to eliminate their use is known as _____ ___ ______.

Ban the Bead

In May 2019, about 180 countries agreed to amend the _________ Convention to make global trade in plastic waste more transparent and better regulated.

Basel

_______ ________ founded Ocean Cleanup when he was just 18 and was awarded the Champions of the Earth award the following year. When he went diving in Greece, he saw more plastic than fish and decided to design a plan to clean up the ocean as his high school ________ project. Social media enabled his project to go viral and solicit funding through _______ _________.

Boyan Slat, science, crowd funding

In 2015, the top six countries for ocean garbage are _______, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Thailand.

China

Since 1992, ______ has imported 45% of the world's plastic waste for __________. In 2018, ______ ended this policy of importing plastics.

China, recycling, China

Surveillance of dumping is maintained by the US _______ _______.

Coast Guard

________, the first country to establish a tax on single-use plastic bags, now reports less than 5% of solid waste is from plastics.

Denmark

The _______ River in India carries the 2nd largest amount of plastics to the ocean.

Indus

In 1972, Congress enacted the __________ __________,______ and _________ Act, sometimes referred to as the Ocean Dumping Act. It implements the requirements of the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and other Matter of 1972, known as the ______ Convention.

Martine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries; London

Title II of the MPRSA authorizes research on the effects of human-induced changes to the marine environment. NOAA or _______ _______ and ________ ________ is responsible for this research.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The five gyres or circulating ocean currents are :

North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Ocean Gyres

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is located in the ______ _______ Gyre. It is located between Hawaii and California. There are also garbage patches in the _______ _______ and the ______ _______.

North Pacific, South Pacific and North Atlantic

The ________ _________ ____ _____ of 1988 amended the MPRSA and prohibits the ocean dumping of municipal sewage sludge and industrial wastes, such as wastes from plastics and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The amendment also banned dumping of ________waste.

Ocean Dumping Ban Act, medical

_________ readily absorb contaminants with greater ease than sand and rocks.

Plastics

In the Pacific Ocean, 15 million square kilometers are taken up by plastics - an area the size of _____. IN this plastic soup, there are ___ pounds of surface plastic for every one pound of ______.

Russia, 60, plankton

5.25 trillion pieces of plastic reside in our oceans.(t/f)

T

Nano particles of plastic do cross the blood -brain barrier in humans. (t/f)

T

Ocean Cleanup estimated that in 2015, between 60 and 99 million metric tons of municipal plastic waste were generated and improperly disposed of in the environment.(t/f)

T

Ocean Cleanup hopes to recycle the plastic they gather and then recycle it into more durable products which they hope will not end up in the ocean again. They hope these products will help fund the ongoing cleanup projects.(t/f)

T

The US has signed, but the US Senate has not ratified the London Protocol which is to modernize and replace the London Convention. (t/f)

T

Champions of the Earth is the _____'s highest environmental award.

UN

The _________ River in _______ is the biggest carrier of plastic pollution to the oceans.

Yangtze, China

Deep sea fish eat the tiny plastics. Laysan _____ feed the tiny plastic particles to their young whose stomachs fill with plastic and the birds starve.

albatross

On International Coastal Cleanup day in 9/2017, volunteers picked up 2.4 million _________ with plastic filters, 1.7 million _____ _______, 1.6 million plastic beverage bottles, 1.1 million plastic bottle caps, 757,523 plastic ________ ____.

cigarette butts, food wrappers, grocery bags

In the US, 85% of tourism revenue comes from _______ states.

coastal

System 001 is a floating tube 600 meters in length with a 3 meter skirt below the tube. It will move around the ocean in a U-shape propelled by ______,______ and ________.

currents, waves, and wind

The EPA is responsible for issuing ocean dumping permits except for permits regarding _____ materials. Those permits are issued by the US Army Corps of Engineers.

dredged

Marine oil pollution has increased over the past few decades. (t/f)

false

73% of deepwater _______ in the North Atlantic harbor microplastics.

fish

Under the London Protocol, _________ at sea and the export of wastes and other materials for incineration at sea is prohibited.

incineration

Waste management infrastructure generally _________ as a country's GDP increases.

increases

80-90% of plastic waste in the oceans comes from _____ based sources.

land

The best way to decrease plastic pollution is to both improve waste _________ and reduce plastic waste globally.

management

Plastics carry high concentrations of __________ they absorb from the environment.

pollutants

Materials which cannot be dumped into the ocean include: high-level _____________ wastes, chemical and biological warfare items, items which float, sewage sludge, ________ and _______ wastes, and compounds containing organohalogens, mercury, cadmium and carcinogens.

radioactive, medical and industrial

The vast majority of material disposed in the ocean is uncontaminated _________ dredged from US waterways.

sediment

As of 2018, about 27 countries have enacted bans on some _______ use plastic products.

single

The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships designated marine protected areas where _________ traffic is restricted. It also paved the way for the introduction of _____ ______ tankers.

tanker, double hull

Clumps of oil which are resistant to breakdown by bacteria are known as ___________.

tarballs

Plastics absorb polychlorinated biphenyls(PCB) and dichlordiphenyltrhichloroehtane(DDT) that are passed up the food chain and concentrated in larger fish like tuna and wahoo. Small island states and island nations are particularly at risk of these toxins because ________________________________.

they derive 90% of their animal protein from fish.

Between 2015 and 2025, the amount of plastic in the oceans is set to _____.

triple

Between 1970 and 2012 there was a 49% drop in marine _________ populations.

vertebrate