B2 Cells
What is the function of the vacuole?
Stores cell sap (water salts & sugars) which maintains the shape of the cells
Define a cell
The smallest unit of life
If a cell has a large surface area, what might is function be?
To absorb substances
If a cell has lots of chloroplasts, what might is function be?
To carry out a lot of photosynthesis
If a cell has a tail, what might is function be?
To move
What is the funciton of a red blood cell?
Transports oxygen
What organelles are in an animal cell?
cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
What organelles are in a plant cell?
cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, cellulose cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
What organelles do plants have and animals don't?
cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
If an organism photosynthesise, which organelle(s) must it have?
chloroplasts
Give an example of a cell, tissue, organ and organ system in an animal
e.g. muscle cell, muscular tissue, heart, circulatory system. e.g. ciliated cell, epithelium tissue, lungs, respiratory system.
How do you calculate the magnification of a specimen?
image size ÷ actual size
How do you calculate the actual size of a specimen?
image size ÷ magnification
Give an example of a cell, tissue and organ in a plant
palisade cell, palisade mesophyll tissue, leaf (organ)
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides support to the cell
Compare and contrast plant and animal cells
Similarities - nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm. Differences - only plant cells have chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Where chemical reactions take place
What is the function of the chloroplast?
Where photosynthesis takes place & starch is stored
What is the function of a root hair cell?
Absorbs water and mineral ions
What are plant cell walls made of?
Cellulose
What is the function of a palisade cell (also can be called palisade mesophyll cell) and how is it adapted for its function?
Function: Absorb sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. How adapted: In the upper surface of the leaf to receive more sunlight & has a large number of chloroplasts to absorb light energy.
What is the function of a ciliated cell (also can be called ciliated epithelial cell) and how is it adapted for its function?
Function: Beat back and forth to create a current to move mucus/dust in the trachea and bronchi of the lungs, or move an egg in the oviduct from the ovary to the uterus/womb. How adapted: Cilia present on the surface.
What does the nucleus do?
Controls the activities of the cell
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what moved in and out of the cell e.g. oxygen, water, carbon dioxide. Often described as a partially permeable cell membrane
Name 2 differences between a human egg cell and plant cell
Egg cells are animal cells does not have a vacuole/cell wall/chloroplasts OR plant cells have a vacuole/cell wall/chloroplasts
Define a tissue
Group of cells that have the same function
Define an organ system
Group of different organs working together
Define an organ
Group of different tissues working together
How is a sperm cell adpated to its function?
Has a flagellum to swim towards the egg
Draw & label an animal cell
Labelled - cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
Draw & label a plant cell
Labelled - cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
How is a root hair cell adapted for its function?
Large surface area to absorb water and mineral ions
How is a red blood cell adapted for its function?
No nucleus so more space for haemoglobin, biconcave shape so larger surface area compared with their volume for rapid exchange of oxygen, flexible cell membrane so red blood cells can fit through narrow blood vessels (capillaries)