B2 Cells

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What is the function of the vacuole?

Stores cell sap (water salts & sugars) which maintains the shape of the cells

Define a cell

The smallest unit of life

If a cell has a large surface area, what might is function be?

To absorb substances

If a cell has lots of chloroplasts, what might is function be?

To carry out a lot of photosynthesis

If a cell has a tail, what might is function be?

To move

What is the funciton of a red blood cell?

Transports oxygen

What organelles are in an animal cell?

cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

What organelles are in a plant cell?

cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, cellulose cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts

What organelles do plants have and animals don't?

cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts

If an organism photosynthesise, which organelle(s) must it have?

chloroplasts

Give an example of a cell, tissue, organ and organ system in an animal

e.g. muscle cell, muscular tissue, heart, circulatory system. e.g. ciliated cell, epithelium tissue, lungs, respiratory system.

How do you calculate the magnification of a specimen?

image size ÷ actual size

How do you calculate the actual size of a specimen?

image size ÷ magnification

Give an example of a cell, tissue and organ in a plant

palisade cell, palisade mesophyll tissue, leaf (organ)

What is the function of the cell wall?

Provides support to the cell

Compare and contrast plant and animal cells

Similarities - nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm. Differences - only plant cells have chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Where chemical reactions take place

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Where photosynthesis takes place & starch is stored

What is the function of a root hair cell?

Absorbs water and mineral ions

What are plant cell walls made of?

Cellulose

What is the function of a palisade cell (also can be called palisade mesophyll cell) and how is it adapted for its function?

Function: Absorb sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. How adapted: In the upper surface of the leaf to receive more sunlight & has a large number of chloroplasts to absorb light energy.

What is the function of a ciliated cell (also can be called ciliated epithelial cell) and how is it adapted for its function?

Function: Beat back and forth to create a current to move mucus/dust in the trachea and bronchi of the lungs, or move an egg in the oviduct from the ovary to the uterus/womb. How adapted: Cilia present on the surface.

What does the nucleus do?

Controls the activities of the cell

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls what moved in and out of the cell e.g. oxygen, water, carbon dioxide. Often described as a partially permeable cell membrane

Name 2 differences between a human egg cell and plant cell

Egg cells are animal cells does not have a vacuole/cell wall/chloroplasts OR plant cells have a vacuole/cell wall/chloroplasts

Define a tissue

Group of cells that have the same function

Define an organ system

Group of different organs working together

Define an organ

Group of different tissues working together

How is a sperm cell adpated to its function?

Has a flagellum to swim towards the egg

Draw & label an animal cell

Labelled - cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

Draw & label a plant cell

Labelled - cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts

How is a root hair cell adapted for its function?

Large surface area to absorb water and mineral ions

How is a red blood cell adapted for its function?

No nucleus so more space for haemoglobin, biconcave shape so larger surface area compared with their volume for rapid exchange of oxygen, flexible cell membrane so red blood cells can fit through narrow blood vessels (capillaries)


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