Basic Care and Prevention of Athletic Injuries Final Review

True or False? The Tanner scale of maturation is based on age, height, body composition, and pubic hair development. True False

False

True or False? A myotome is a group of muscles primarily innervated by a single nerve root. True False

True

The process of acclimating to the heat is complete after _____ days of moderate exercise during hot weather. a) 2-3 b) 10 -14 c) 3-5 d) 7-10

b) 10 -14

True or False? Cantilevered shoulder pads are often used by the quarterback or receivers who must raise their arms above the head to throw or catch a ball. True False

False

True or False? Hypoesthesia is characterized by a loss of sensation. True False

False

True or False? The foundation of concussion management is physical and cognitive rest until symptoms resolve, and then a graduated program of exertion prior to medical clearance and return to play. True False

True

True or False? The knee is directly affected by motions and forces coming from the foot, ankle, and lower leg. True False

True

True or False? The muscles in the anterior compartment of the lower leg are responsible for dorsiflexion of the ankle. True False

True

True or False? The point at which the clavicle changes shape and contour presents a structural weakness, and the largest number of fractures to the bone occurs at this point. True False

True

True or False? The preparticipation examination should determine the general health, maturity, and fitness level of an individual and detect those at risk for injury or those who may have conditions that may limit participation. True False

True

True or False? The team physician is the final authority to determine the mental and physical fitness of athletes in organized sports programs. True False

True

True or False? The vastus medialis oblique (VMO) is the dynamic stabilizer that resists lateral displacement of the patella. True False

True

True or False? When an athlete has sustained a clavicle fracture, he/she will support their arm with the unaffected arm. True False

True

Which of the following structures would present the symptom of tinnitus? a) Ears b) eyes c) nasal cavity d) TMJ

a) Ears

Following head trauma, inability to recall events that took place earlier in the day is an example of a) retrograde amnesia b) vertigo c) anterograde amnesia d) disorientation

a) retrograde amnesia

In order to find an individual liable, the injured person must prove that there was a) a duty of care b) a breach of duty c) harm d) harm resulting from breach of duty e) all of the above must be present

e) all of the above must be present

True or False? One of the most important universal safety precautions to prevent the spread of disease is the regular use of latex gloves when working with blood or bodily fluids. True False

True

Blood in the urine is termed a) hematuria b) nephrotosis c) hemoglobinuria d) albuminuria

a) hematuria

For every pound of water lost during exercises, _____ of fluid should be ingested. a) 6 oz b) 13 oz c) 24 oz d) 10 oz

c) 24 oz

Which of the following is NOT part of the neurological examination within the PPE? a) PEARL b) deep tendon reflex testing c) precordial auscultation d) cranial nerve assessment

c) precordial auscultation

In a first-time glenohumeral dislocation, the injured arm is usually held in what position? a) slightly abducted and internally rotated b) slightly extended and internally rotated c) slightly abducted and externally rotated d) slightly extended in neutral position

c) slightly abducted and externally rotated

The _____ bursa may be irritated when repeatedly compressed during the overhand throwing motion. a) subscapularis b) biceps c) subacromial d) subcoracoid

c) subacromial

_____ explains that bones remodel and adapt to forces placed upon them. a) Grotthus-Drapper law b) theory of specificity c) Hunting response d) Wolff's law

d) Wolff's law

True or False? During a soccer game, an athlete falls and strikes their head on the ground. The individual experiences confusion and a mild headache. Within a few minutes, the confusion is no longer apparent. The athlete should be permitted to return to play. True False

False

True or False? If an athlete provides their own protective equipment, the athletic trainer is not responsible for ensuring that it fits correctly and maintained properly. True False

False

True or False? If the time from a lightning flash to thunder is within 60 seconds, all outdoor activity should end and participants should seek shelter. True False

False

True or False? In recurrent anterior glenohumeral dislocations, the forces needed to produce the injury are increased. True False

False

True or False? Informed consent is only required in youth athletes True False

False

True or False? Partial paralysis of a muscle leading to a weakened contraction is called paresthesia. True False

False

True or False? Passive movement involves joint motion performed voluntarily by the individual through muscular contraction. True False

False

True or False? Scar tissue is fibrous, elastic, and highly vascular and thus is just as functional as the original tissue. True False

False

True or False? Sweat production by itself results in heat loss from the skin. True False

False

True or False? Systolic pressure is the residual pressure that exists in the arteries when the heart is at rest. True False

False

True or False? The extent of ankle swelling is an accurate indicator of the severity of the injury. True False

False

True or False? The iliotibial band is a medial stabilizer of the knee. True False

False

True or False? The musculoskeletal examination is the most important component of the PPE. True False

False

True or False? Thirst is an accurate indicator of water needs during exercise. True False

False

True or False? When a force is sustained by the tissues of the human body, the amount of injury is solely determined by the material properties of the involved tissues. True False

False

rue or False? Normal respiration for a child is 10-25 respirations per minute. True False

False

True or False? A potential advantage of neoprene is its' ability to provide therapeutic heat. True False

True

True or False? Acclimatization is the single most important factor in preventing the onset of heat illness and altitude sickness. True False

True

True or False? Although the most rapid bone growth occurs prior to adulthood, bones continue to grow in diameter throughout most of the life span. True False

True

True or False? An anterior acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency. True False

True

True or False? An emergency plan for any facility should be developed cooperatively by the facility manager, athletic trainer, sports supervisor, and physician working together with the local emergency medical service. True False

True

True or False? Cervical neck rolls and collars limit motion of the cervical spine and have been shown to be effective in protecting players with a history of repetitive burners or stingers. True False

True

True or False? Clinicians have an ethical responsibility to keep accurate and factual records. True False

True

True or False? Eversion and dorsiflexion injuries can lead to a fracture of the lateral malleolus. True False

True

True or False? Ideally, the PPE should be done 6 weeks before the start of any practice session. True False

True

True or False? Longitudinal bone growth continues only as long as the bone's epiphyseal plates continue to exist. True False

True

True or False? Pain during palpation of the inferior surface of the calcaneus in the middle of the heel may indicate a possible heel bruise. True False

True

True or False? Strengthening the peroneal muscles can aid in the prevention of inversion ankle sprains. True False

True

True or False? Tensile loading that involves a tendon or ligament pulling a small chip of bone away from the rest of the bone is called an avulsion fracture. True False

True

True or False? The critical part of using the SAC instrument is to collect baseline normative data that can be used for comparison purposes in the event of a concussion to determine the severity of injury and follow the individual's recovery. True False

True

rue or False? History of syncope, dizziness, shortness of breath and chest pains is part of the cardiac history. True False

True

An excellent tool for visualizing the CNS, musculoskeletal system and cardiovascular system is a(n) a) MRI b) CT scan c) ultrasonic imaging d) myelogram

a) MRI

_____ has established minimum standards for football helmets and their use. a) NOCSAE b) NFL c) OSHA d) NATA

a) NOCSAE

In an athletic program, which of the following is NOT a role of the team physician? a) apply therapeutic modalities b) review policies/procedures to ensure compliance with school/athletic guidelines c) dispense medications d) review preseason physical examinations

a) apply therapeutic modalities

Malfeasance is defined as a) committing an act that is not one's responsibility to perform b) committing an act that is one's responsibility to perform, but using the wrong procedure c) committing an act that another minimally competent professional would do in the same circumstance d) failing to perform one's legal duty of care

a) committing an act that is not one's responsibility to perform

For a muscle to shorten, it must: a) contract concentrically b) remain in a static position c) contract isometrically d) contract eccentrically

a) contract concentrically

The sensory component of a nerve root is tested using a a) dermatome b) myotome c) superficial reflex d) deep tendon reflex

a) dermatome

Each of the following is a sign of heat cramps except a) elevated body temperature b) thirst c) normal pulse and respiration d) moist and cool skin

a) elevated body temperature

Following head trauma, an athlete appears fine, but within 10 to 20 minutes starts to exhibit signs and symptoms of neurologic deterioration, such as drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, & decreased level of consciousness. What injury should be suspected? a) epidural hematoma b) concussion c) subdural hematoma d) basilar fracture

a) epidural hematoma

The most frequent sign or symptom associated with concussion is: a) headache b) retrograde amnesia c) sensitivity to noise d) loss of consciousness

a) headache

The amount of "give" within a joint's supportive tissue is termed a) laxity b) accessory movement c) instability d) passive movement

a) laxity

Decorticate rigidity is posturing characterized by a) marked extension of the legs and marked flexion of the elbows, wrists, and fingers b) marked extension of the elbows wrists, and fingers and marked flexion in the toes c) marked extension of the legs only d) marked extension of all four extremities

a) marked extension of the legs and marked flexion of the elbows, wrists, and fingers

Most internal heat is generated during ________. a) muscular activity b) cardiovascular output c) neurovascular stimulation d) metabolism

a) muscular activity

During a weight training session, the coach left the room to work with some players in the gymnasium. While the coach was out of the room, an athlete sustained an injury using the equipment. The coach is at risk for: a) negligence b) malpractice c) lack of product liability d) failure to warn

a) negligence

The bones cells that form new bone tissue are called a) osteoblasts b) Sharpey's fibers c) periosteum cells d) osteoclasts

a) osteoblasts

A highly specialized band of tissue on the plantar surface of the foot that provides support for the longitudinal arch is the a) plantar fascia b) plantar sesamoiditis c) plantar vulgaris d) plantar ligament

a) plantar fascia

In evaluating a head injury, which of the following techniques can be used by the athletic trainer to assess ability to concentrate? a) recite three digits, and ask the individual to recite them backward b) name three words or identify three objects, ask the individual to recall these words or objects c) ask the individual about the time, place, person, and situation d) while the individual's eyes are open and their arms are out to the side, instruct the individual to touch the index finger of one hand to the nose and then alternate with the other hand to the nose

a) recite three digits, and ask the individual to recite them backward

Delayed signs and symptoms days or even weeks after head trauma are most likely to be associated with which of the following injuries? a) subdural hematoma b) epidural hematoma c) occipital contusion d) concussion

a) subdural hematoma

A condition in which nerves and/or vessels become compressed in the root of the neck or axilla, leading to numbness in the arm is called a) thoracic outlet syndrome b) dead arm syndrome c) Little League shoulder d) impingement syndrome

a) thoracic outlet syndrome

The brachial plexus is made from what spinal nerves? a) C5-T2 b) C5-T1 c) C6-T1 d) C4-T2

b) C5-T1

A mild acromioclavicular sprain is treated with: I. Ice application II. NSAIDs III. Immobilization with a sling IV. Referral to a physician V. Activity as tolerated a) I, II, and III b) I, II, and V c) II and IV d) I and III

b) I, II, and V

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) Ligaments contain more elastin than tendons. b) Ligaments resist large tensile loads from directions other than along their long axis. c) Ligaments resist large tensile loads along their long axis. d) Ligaments resist small tensile loads from directions other than along their long axis.

b) Ligaments resist large tensile loads from directions other than along their long axis.

An individual with ________________ often describes a sensation of having a stone in the shoe that worsens when standing. a) hallux valgus b) Morton's neuroma c) paronychia d) plantar fasciitis

b) Morton's neuroma

The organization that defines impact standards for football and baseball/softball helmets is the a) Canadian Standards Association b) National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment c) Equipment Certification Council d) American Society for Testing and Material

b) National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment

A test used to determine the degree of balance difficulties indicative of a concussion is the a) Babinski test b) Romberg test c) Thompson test d) Tinel test

b) Romberg test

The management for second impact syndrome is a) immediate referral to a physician b) activation of EMS c) application of crushed ice and compression bandage d) removal from activity and monitoring of individual every 15 minutes

b) activation of EMS

During initial evaluation of an athlete who complains of breathlessness you find the athlete to have wheezing-like breathing. What might this indicate? a) spasms of the larynx b) asthma c) hypoxia d) chest injury

b) asthma

Cervical collars or neck rolls cannot decrease the incidence of cervical injuries due to a) circumduction b) axial loading c) hyperextension d) lateral rotation

b) axial loading

The common mechanism of injury for a muscle contusion is a) torsion b) compression c) tension d) shear

b) compression

In assessing urine to determine an individual's hydration status, which of the following would suggest inadequate hydration? a) light colored urine of above normal volume b) dark yellow urine of small volume and strong odor c) dark yellow urine of normal volume d) light colored urine of normal volume

b) dark yellow urine of small volume and strong odor

Stretching the ______ helps decrease shortening of the plantar fascia. a) anterior tibialis b) gastrocnemius c) peroneal brevis d) posterior tibialis

b) gastrocnemius

The leading cause of loss of consciousness in a sports activity is a) spinal injuries b) head injuries c) metabolic disturbances d) heat stroke

b) head injuries

The main function of the rotator cuff muscles is to a) perform abduction and internal rotation b) hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa c) perform abduction and external rotation d) facilitate scapulothoracic motions

b) hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa

The position in a joint's ROM during which it is under the least amount of stress is called the a) neutral position b) loose packed position c) close pack position d) relaxed position

b) loose packed position

In assessing a potentially serious neck injury, an athletic trainer removed the helmet of the injured athlete. What type of legal liability could result from the athletic trainer's actions? a) misfeasance b) malfeasance c) nonfeasance d) gross negligence

b) malfeasance

A common sign of a facial fracture of the maxilla or mandible or a temporomandibular dislocation is a) sunken eye b) malocclusion c) raccoon eyes d) nosebleed

b) malocclusion

Excessive or prolonged pronation in running, which leads to pain in the distal third of the medial tibial border not associated with a stress fracture, is typically a) Achilles tenosynovitis b) medial tibial stress syndrome c) plantar fasciitis d) exercise-induced compartment syndrome

b) medial tibial stress syndrome

The most important tool of the PPE is the a) cardiovascular examination b) medical history c) musculoskeletal examination d) vision examination

b) medical history

Visual analysis of overall appearance, symmetry, general motor function, posture, and gait is called a) proprioceptive input b) observation c) inspection d) symptom

b) observation

_____ is a hallmark sign of interdigital neuroma. a) pain that decreases with extension of the MTP and IP joints b) pain that is relieved when barefooted c) proximal radiating pain d) pain that increases during non-weight-bearing

b) pain that is relieved when barefooted

Localized area of blindness and migraine headaches are common symptoms of: a) postconcussion syndrome b) posttraumatic headaches c) second-impact syndrome d) basilar fracture

b) posttraumatic headaches

Which of the following is NOT considered a vital sign? a) skin temperature b) pupillary response to light c) pulse d) respirations

b) pupillary response to light

Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic factor leading to metatarsalgia? a) valgus heel b) repetitive jumping c) excessive body weight d) pes planus

b) repetitive jumping

Questioning an athlete after a head injury regarding their means of arrival to the game, the quarter of their injury, and the day of the week is testing the individual's a) anterograde memory b) retrograde memory c) mental acuity d) level of consciousness

b) retrograde memory

Which type of orthotic is designed to control motion? a) semi-rigid b) rigid c) soft d) none of the above

b) rigid

After sustaining a head injury an athlete's skin becomes pale and clammy. What condition should be suspected? a) expanding subdural hematoma b) shock c) cerebral concussion d) obstructed airway

b) shock

The muscles in the deep posterior compartment include each of the following EXCEPT: a) flexor hallucis longus b) soleus c) tibialis posterior d) flexor digitorum longus

b) soleus

An individual reports numbness in the side of the neck, which extends across the shoulder and down the medial arm to the ulnar aspect of the hand, accompanied by weakness in grasp and atrophy of hand musculature. What injury should be suspected? a) rotator cuff tear b) thoracic outlet syndrome c) acromioclavicular separation d) cervical plexus injury

b) thoracic outlet syndrome

Which of the following best illustrates a symptom? a) deformity b) tinnitus c) crepitation d) ecchymosis

b) tinnitus

Hyperextension of the MTP joint of the great toe is called a) paronychia b) turf toe c) hammer toe d) claw toe

b) turf toe

Strains and sprains that produce moderate discomfort, tenderness, swelling, ecchymosis, detectable joint instability, and/or muscle weakness are categorized as a) 1st degree injuries b) 4th degree injuries c) 2nd degree injuries d) 3rd degree injuries

c) 2nd degree injuries

A pulse pressure greater than ____mmHg indicates intracranial bleeding. a) 30 b) 40 c) 50 d) 20

c) 50

Which one of the following is NOT a rotator cuff muscle? a) Supraspinatus b) Teres minor c) Pectoralis major d) Subscapularis

c) Pectoralis major

Which of the following is NOT a sign of a complicated subdural hematoma? a) Irregular respirations b) Individual remains unconscious c) Raccoon eyes d) Pupillary dilation

c) Raccoon eyes

A runner reports with chronic shin pain. Upon observation the athletic trainer notes that the athlete has overpronation on the affected leg. What type of shoe should be suggested for this athlete? a) a shoe with a minimum heel wedge of 15 mm b) a shoe with increased side to side stability c) a shoe with greater control on the medial side d) a shoe with high rigid arches

c) a shoe with greater control on the medial side

The single most important factor to prevent altitude sickness is a) inhale oxygen prior to competition b) eat a diet high in protein and salt c) acclimatization d) arrive two days before competition

c) acclimatization

Treatment for an epidural hematoma is a) after completing special tests, return them to play b) rest and observation c) activation of EMS d) ice on the injured area and re-evaluate in 20 minutes

c) activation of EMS

What ligament is often injured during a cutting maneuver, sudden deceleration, or landing in an off-balance position after a jump? a) tibial collateral b) fibular collateral c) anterior cruciate d) posterior cruciate

c) anterior cruciate

Nearly all injuries at the SC joint result from a) shear b) bending c) compression d) tension

c) compression

Bursitis is most likely to result from a) tensile force b) resilient force c) compressive force d) axial loading force

c) compressive force

A ___________________ is an injury away from the actual injury site due to rotational components during acceleration. a) focal injury b) diffuse injury c) contrecoup injury d) coup injury

c) contrecoup injury

Headache, confusion, nausea, cramping, bloated stomach, altered consciousness, significant mental compromise, swelling in the extremities are signs and symptoms of a) heat stroke b) heat syncope c) exertional hypoatremia d) heat exhaustion

c) exertional hypoatremia

An athlete exhibits signs of disorientation, shallow breathing, hot, dry, reddish skin, and rapid, strong pulse. These characteristics suggest a) hypothermia b) dehydration c) heat stroke d) heat exhaustion

c) heat stroke

Visceral pain results from a) injury to bone b) injury to ligaments, muscle, or skin c) injury to an organ in the thoracic cavity d) referred pain

c) injury to an organ in the thoracic cavity

Each of the following signs and symptoms indicate a ruptured Achilles tendon EXCEPT a) inability to stand on the toes b) individual hears or feels a popping sensation c) limps with the foot and leg internally rotated d) excessive passive dorsiflexion

c) limps with the foot and leg internally rotated

A common sign of a facial fracture to the maxilla or mandible is a) nosebleed b) TMJ dislocation c) malocclusion d) Raccoon eyes

c) malocclusion

Questions concerning head injury, unconsciousness, repeated headaches, seizures, and unexplained muscle weakness are part of the a) gastrointestinal examination b) musculoskeletal examination c) neurological examination d) cardiovascular examination

c) neurological examination

Abnormal oscillating movements of the eye is termed a) double vision b) pupillary light reflex c) nystagmus d) tinnitus

c) nystagmus

An abnormal sensation characterized by numbness, tingling, or a burning sensation is called a) hyperesthesia b) anesthesia c) paresthesia d) hypoesthesia

c) paresthesia

Movement of an affected part by another person or device without effort by the athlete is ________ exercise. a) resistive b) active c) passive d) assistive

c) passive

Which of the following professionals may NOT be a member of the primary sports medicine team? a) primary physician b) athletic trainer c) physical therapist d) coach

c) physical therapist

The best way to avoid heat illness is to a) overhydrate b) wear light-colored clothing c) practice acclimatization d) wear cotton-based clothing

c) practice acclimatization

While stretching for an overthrown ball a first baseman strained an adductor muscle. What type of force would have produced this injury? a) shearing b) axial c) tensile d) compressive

c) tensile

Ligamentous injuries are usually caused by a _______. a) elastic force b) shearing force c) tensile force d) compression force

c) tensile force

The advantages of having an individual's primary care physician administer a PPE include all of the following except: a) a more thorough and comprehensive exam can be performed b) a potentially closer examiner-athlete relationship c) the cost of the exam d) the setting provides greater privacy

c) the cost of the exam

Which of the following should NOT be done when managing epistaxis? a) apply finger pressure to the affected nostril for 5 minutes b) place a cold compress over the nasal junction c) tilt the head back to decrease bleeding d) lie on the same side as the bleeding septum

c) tilt the head back to decrease bleeding

A wrong done by an individual whereby the injured party seeks a remedy for damages is called a(n) a) act of commission b) gross negligence c) tort d) act of omission

c) tort

Dilated pupils are associated with each of the following conditions except a) shock b) cardiac arrest c) use of opiate-based drug d) hemorrhage

c) use of opiate-based drug

Replanting a tooth must be done within _______ to have a high success rate. a) 12 hours b) 30 minutes c) 6 to 8 hours d) 2 hours

d) 2 hours

Periods of deep breathing alternating with periods of apnea is termed a) Biot's breathing b) bradypnea c) ataxic breathing d) Cheynes-Stokes breathing

d) Cheynes-Stokes breathing

Which of the following measures would help prevent the onset of hyperthermia? a) ingest water only after exercise is completed b) eat high carbohydrate foods c) ingest a cola soda pop prior to exercising d) acclimate to the environment

d) acclimate to the environment

Each of the following can overload the plantar fascia except a) obesity b) excessive or prolonged pronation c) excessive tightness in the Achilles tendon d) age over 40 years

d) age over 40 years

In the absence of the athletic trainer, it is the responsibility of the coach to a) supervise the fitting of athletic equipment b) inspect practice environments for hazards c) evaluate the daily status of participants d) all of the above e) none of the above

d) all of the above

Failure to receive informed consent from an athlete could result in a) misfeasance b) gross negligence c) malpractice d) battery

d) battery

Diagnosis of concussion involves the assessment of clinical signs and symptoms in each of the following areas, EXCEPT: a) physical b) cognitive c) sleep d) biomechanical

d) biomechanical

An athlete reports, head turned to the right side, supporting the right arm with the left arm. What injury should be suspected? a) brachial plexus injury b) torn biceps tendon c) scapular fracture d) clavicular fracture

d) clavicular fracture

Traditional athletic training settings are considered to be in a) fitness centers b) sports medicine clinics c) industrial settings d) colleges and high schools

d) colleges and high schools

Which of the following best illustrates a diagnostic sign? a) blurred vision b) headache c) nausea d) edema

d) edema

The ability of a muscle to stretch is called a) tensibility b) contractility c) elasticity d) extensibility

d) extensibility

When asking about the characteristics of symptoms, the athletic trainer should determine a) previous injuries, congenital abnormalities, family history b) location, onset, limb position, direction of force c) limitations in sport, occupational, and ADLs d) location, onset, severity, frequency, duration

d) location, onset, severity, frequency, duration

An athlete has sustained an acute ankle sprain. The force producing this injury is a) microtrauma b) anisotropic c) resilient d) macrotrauma

d) macrotrauma

Closed-chain exercises for the knee include a) straight leg raises b) leg curls c) terminal knee extensions d) mini-squats

d) mini-squats

Hypotension is caused by each of the following except a) heart attack b) shock c) internal injury d) oral contraceptives

d) oral contraceptives

The immediate assessment occurring on the field when a life-threatening injury is present is called a) Babinski test b) CPR c) secondary survey d) primary survey

d) primary survey

The most important preventative measure for head and facial injuries is: a) strength b) neck flexibility c) sport technique d) protective equipment

d) protective equipment

The final authority to clear an athlete for participation rests with the a) athletic trainer b) parent c) coach d) supervising physician

d) supervising physician

Which of the following is not an electrolyte? a) potassium b) magnesium c) chloride d) thiamin

d) thiamin