Basis of Human Movement--Exam 5
The flexor hallucis longus performs which of the following actions?
All of the above (ankle plantar flexion, transverse tarsal and subtalar inversion, great toe flexion)
How many medial ankle ligaments are there?
1
how many lateral ankle ligaments are there?
5
the peroneus longus, brevis, and tertius are inserted along the base of the _______________ metatarsal
5th
the styloid process is located on the proximal end of the
5th phalange
It has been estimated that roughly _________ of the walking gate is the stance phase.
60%
Why can you still walk on a broken fibula?
because the fibula only bears 10-15% of body weight
Which is more stable open or closed pack position of the talus?
closed pack (dorsiflexion)
medial ankle ligament
deltoid
Treatment of compartment syndrome
depending on severity, emergency surgery may be indicated to release the fascia in order to prevent permanent tissue damage.
lateral malleolus
distal end of fibula
medial malleolus
distal process on medial tibial surface
closed pack position of talus
dorsiflexion
transverse arch
extends across foot from 1st metatarsal to the 5th metatarsal
pes planus
flat foot
Which of the following is the correct order starting from the most posterior aspect of the distal lower leg?
flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
plantar flexion of ankle
gastric and soleus
originating on the posterior surface of the medial and lateral surface of the femoral condyles, respectively, this muscle is responsible for both plantar flexion of the ankle and flexion of the knee
gastrocnemius
Triceps surae refers to the _____.
gastrocnemius and soleus
another name for the big toe is
hallicus
another name for the big toe
hallux
pes cavus
high arch
MMT
manual muscle test
compartment syndrome
may occur secondarily to injury, trauma, or overuse symptoms include sharp pain, particularly with increased movement actively or passively swelling and weakness in the muscles of the involved compartment
the three cuneiform bones in the foot are located on the _________________ side
medial
Another name for the distal end of the tibia is
medial malleolus
three cuneiforms
medial, intermediate, lateral
Are ankle sprains more common medially or laterally
medially or inversion
the tibia, fibula, and talus bone form the __________________ in the lower extremity
mortise
Where is the compartment syndrome most common?
most common in anterior compartment
the bone used for measuring the height of the medial longitudinal arch is the
navicular
Are shin splints a medical diagnosis?
no shin splints are not a specific diagnosis
eversion of the foot muscles
peroneal longus and brevus
first muscles to atrophy after ankle injury
peroneal muscles
Which of the following muscles is included in the anterior compartment?
peroneus tertius
open pack position of talus
planter flexion
ROM
range of motion
Shin splint prevention
stretching plantar flexors and strengthening dorsiflexors
Along with the tibia and fibula, it is the ____ that makes the mortise of the ankle.
talus
It is the _____________________ bone that irregular shaped and allows for the ankle to be more stable in the ______________________ position
talus, dorsiflexion
bones of the foot
tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, cuneiform, cuboid,
Why are eversion ankle sprains less likely
the fibula stops you from everting your foot
the interosseous membrane is located between the _________________ and the ________________ in the lower extremity
tibia and fibula
the most prominent tendon crossing the ankle anteromedially and the easiest to palpate is the
tibialis anterior
dorsiflexion of ankle
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus
inversion of the foot
tibialis posterior
The tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and the flexor hallucus longus form the ______________________ muscles immediately posterior to the medial malleolus
tom, dick, and harry
The difference between the walking gait and the running gait
In walking gait, one foot is always in contact with the ground In running gait, at one point both feet are off the ground
medial longitudinal arch
The highest of the three arches of the foot; composed of the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and the first three metatarsals.
plantar fascia (aponeurosis)
a broad structure extending from medial calcaneal tuberosity to proximal phalanges of the toes
purpose of the medial longitudinal arch
acts as a spring board ligament in foot and ankle maintains arches
talus
ankle bone pivotal and wider at the anterior border
lateral ankle ligaments
anteriortibiofibular ligament posteriortibiofibular ligament anteriotalofibular ligament posteriotalofibular ligament calconeofibular ligament
which ankle ligaments are most commonly injured?
anteriotalofibular calconeofibular
purpose of plantar fascia
assists in stabilizing the medial longitudinal arch and in propelling the body forward