Basis of Human Movement--Exam 5

The flexor hallucis longus performs which of the following actions?

All of the above (ankle plantar flexion, transverse tarsal and subtalar inversion, great toe flexion)

How many medial ankle ligaments are there?

1

how many lateral ankle ligaments are there?

5

the peroneus longus, brevis, and tertius are inserted along the base of the _______________ metatarsal

5th

the styloid process is located on the proximal end of the

5th phalange

It has been estimated that roughly _________ of the walking gate is the stance phase.

60%

Why can you still walk on a broken fibula?

because the fibula only bears 10-15% of body weight

Which is more stable open or closed pack position of the talus?

closed pack (dorsiflexion)

medial ankle ligament

deltoid

Treatment of compartment syndrome

depending on severity, emergency surgery may be indicated to release the fascia in order to prevent permanent tissue damage.

lateral malleolus

distal end of fibula

medial malleolus

distal process on medial tibial surface

closed pack position of talus

dorsiflexion

transverse arch

extends across foot from 1st metatarsal to the 5th metatarsal

pes planus

flat foot

Which of the following is the correct order starting from the most posterior aspect of the distal lower leg?

flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

plantar flexion of ankle

gastric and soleus

originating on the posterior surface of the medial and lateral surface of the femoral condyles, respectively, this muscle is responsible for both plantar flexion of the ankle and flexion of the knee

gastrocnemius

Triceps surae refers to the _____.

gastrocnemius and soleus

another name for the big toe is

hallicus

another name for the big toe

hallux

pes cavus

high arch

MMT

manual muscle test

compartment syndrome

may occur secondarily to injury, trauma, or overuse symptoms include sharp pain, particularly with increased movement actively or passively swelling and weakness in the muscles of the involved compartment

the three cuneiform bones in the foot are located on the _________________ side

medial

Another name for the distal end of the tibia is

medial malleolus

three cuneiforms

medial, intermediate, lateral

Are ankle sprains more common medially or laterally

medially or inversion

the tibia, fibula, and talus bone form the __________________ in the lower extremity

mortise

Where is the compartment syndrome most common?

most common in anterior compartment

the bone used for measuring the height of the medial longitudinal arch is the

navicular

Are shin splints a medical diagnosis?

no shin splints are not a specific diagnosis

eversion of the foot muscles

peroneal longus and brevus

first muscles to atrophy after ankle injury

peroneal muscles

Which of the following muscles is included in the anterior compartment?

peroneus tertius

open pack position of talus

planter flexion

ROM

range of motion

Shin splint prevention

stretching plantar flexors and strengthening dorsiflexors

Along with the tibia and fibula, it is the ____ that makes the mortise of the ankle.

talus

It is the _____________________ bone that irregular shaped and allows for the ankle to be more stable in the ______________________ position

talus, dorsiflexion

bones of the foot

tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, cuneiform, cuboid,

Why are eversion ankle sprains less likely

the fibula stops you from everting your foot

the interosseous membrane is located between the _________________ and the ________________ in the lower extremity

tibia and fibula

the most prominent tendon crossing the ankle anteromedially and the easiest to palpate is the

tibialis anterior

dorsiflexion of ankle

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus

inversion of the foot

tibialis posterior

The tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and the flexor hallucus longus form the ______________________ muscles immediately posterior to the medial malleolus

tom, dick, and harry

The difference between the walking gait and the running gait

In walking gait, one foot is always in contact with the ground In running gait, at one point both feet are off the ground

medial longitudinal arch

The highest of the three arches of the foot; composed of the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and the first three metatarsals.

plantar fascia (aponeurosis)

a broad structure extending from medial calcaneal tuberosity to proximal phalanges of the toes

purpose of the medial longitudinal arch

acts as a spring board ligament in foot and ankle maintains arches

talus

ankle bone pivotal and wider at the anterior border

lateral ankle ligaments

anteriortibiofibular ligament posteriortibiofibular ligament anteriotalofibular ligament posteriotalofibular ligament calconeofibular ligament

which ankle ligaments are most commonly injured?

anteriotalofibular calconeofibular

purpose of plantar fascia

assists in stabilizing the medial longitudinal arch and in propelling the body forward