BCOM 1300 study guide

How do you structure an introduction?

--Communicate a point and common ground --Summarize what you will talk about We tend to best recall the last and first items in a list. Primacy(begin) recency

1 Identify examples of the five types of context.

1- Intrapersonal Communication - The message you give yourself. 2- Interpersonal communication - normally involves two people and can range from intimate and very personal to formal and impersonal. 3- Group Communication - between 6-8 people. 4- Public Communication - That is bigger than a group. 5- Mass Communication - that is open to the world.

What are the eight essential components of communication?

1- source 2- message 3- Channel 4- Receiver 5-Feedback 6-Environment 7- Context 8- Interference

How do you cite in a speech?

A direct quote includes the author + year + page ( smith, 2017, p.219) In paraphrasing include author + year (smith, 2017)

1. What is the speaker's triangle?

A pattern of movement in front of the room where the speaker stands.

What does a good thesis statement look like?

A short, specific sentence capturing the central idea of your speech. -be a declarative statement; - be a complete sentence; use specific language, not vague generalities, -be a single idea; -reflect consideration of the audience.

1. What's the difference between an informative and persuasive speech?

An informative speech aims to inform the audience about a specific topic. A persuasive speech aims to persuade the audience to perform a certain action or convince the audience to adopt the belief or opinion of the speaker.

What are the differences between an APA and MLA in-text citation? Can you tell the difference?

Apa: cite the author's last name, year, and page number (only if it is a direct quote) MLA: you cite the author's last name and ways the page number.

What are the three main factors to consider when picking a topic?

Appeal, Appropriateness, and Ability.

What should a good introduction do and include?

Attention and interest of your listeners, express your central idea or message and lead into the body of your speech.

1. What is the five-finger model of public speaking? Be able to identify examples of each finger.

Attention statements- "The hook". Introduction - introduce the team of speakers and establishes the relationship with the audience. Body: The main content Conclusion - Closure statements, often summarize our main points. Residual message - An idea or thought that sticks with the audience after the communication is over

Why should you know how the audience feels about your topic?

Attention to get the message delivered.

What are the differences between attitudes, beliefs, and values?

Attitude is your immediate disposition toward a concept or an object. Attitudes can change easily and frequently. EX: I enjoyed the writing exercise in class today. beliefs: are ideas based on our previous experience and convictions and may not necessarily be used on logic or fact. EX: This course is important because I may use the communication skill I am learning in my career. Values- are core concepts and ideas of what we consider good or bad, right or wrong, or what is worth sacrificing. Our values are central to our self-image, what makes us who we are. Ex: may not wear a helmet, but someone you care about gets hurt so you reconsider this choice.

1. How can interpretation, point of view, and/or bias impact your presentation? How can you present a neutral speech?

Bias encourages you to accept positive evidence that supports your existing beliefs (regardless of whether they are true) and reject negative evidence that does not support your beliefs

How do you avoid plagiarism?

Cite your sources

What are the obstacles to communication (e.g., clichés, jargon, slang, sexist and racist language, euphemisms, and doublespeak)?

Cliché- is a once- clever word or phrase that has lost its impact through overuse. ex: the apple doesn't fall far from the tree. Jargon: an occupation-specific language used by people in a given profession( doesn't have to be professional ) Doctors talk technical about the procedure. Slang: use of exciting or newly invented words to take the place of standard or traditional words with the intent of adding an unconventional, nonstandard, humorous, or rebellious effect. Ex: yaaassss queen? Omg! lol!

How do we assign meaning to words (denotative v. connotative)? How do the majority of communication problems occur?

Denotative Messages - Objective, dictionary definition; reference to the primary association a word has. -Connotative Messages - The subjective, emotional meaning; secondary meaning language& culture.

1. What are ethos, logos, and pathos?

Ethos: has to do with your credibility, Pathos: has to do with emotions, Logos : involves logic/ analytical

What are appropriate facial gestures and eye contact?

Gesture: limit distraction, anticipation step (raise body gesture waist high for nonverbal foreshadowing), implementation step (body gesture high for anticipation), relaxation step (letting go of motion for the conclusion)Facial: natural, reflect pointsEye contact: depends on the situation and culture

What is self-concept?

It contains two main elements: Self image and Self-Esteem.

1. What are the criteria for preparing visual aids?

It should be big so everyone can see it. it also has to be clear so your audience should get it the first time

What are the looking-glass self and the self-fulfilling prophecy?

Looking glass self; reinforces how we look to others and how they view us, treat us, and interact with us to gain insight into our identity. self-fulfilling prophecy: in which someone's behavior comes to match and mirror other's expectations, is not new

1. How do you answer questions appropriately at the end of a presentation?

Open for the question, repeat it, reinforce the main point, alternate speakers, do not become defensive, end with summary and appreciation

1. What is framing?

Places imaginary sets of boundaries.

What are the differences between popular and scholarly sources?

Popular is written by journalists for the general public, rare citations, always ads, and talks about a current event. scholarly is written by researchers, targets another researcher/ scholar, always references rarely has ads, and does not talk about a current event.

What are the three different types of messages and their functions?

Primary Message- refers to the intentional content, both verbal and nonverbal. Secondary Message - refers to the unintentional content, Auxiliary message - The intentional and unintentional ways a primary message is communicated. This may include vocal inflection, gestures, posture, or rate of speech that influence the interpretation or perception of your message.

What is primary and secondary research? What counts for each one?

Primary research is what you researched; conducting and experimenting. Secondary research is what you research that other individuals have done for you.

What are Gestalt principles and how can they relate to business communication?

Proximity, continuation, similarity, and closure. context matters and the whole is greater than the sum of the parts (related to BCOM since you need to know about the tendency to jump to conclusion)

What are the different types of interference/noise one can experience?

Psychological noise Techical noise cultural noise. semantic noice organizational noise

What are the steps of a conclusion?

Reiterate your main points and provide synthesis, but do not introduce new content.

1. What are the different types of transitions?

Signpost, internal preview, internal summarise rhetorical questions.

What are signposts? summaries, foreshadowing, and repetition?

Signposts ( or indicators), are keywords that alert the audience to a change in topic, Internal summaries & Foreshadowing: help the audience to keep track of where they are in the message. helps reinforce relationship b/w point. EX: first step,k second step.... repetition: if used correctly, it can help the audience to retain memory and meaning

What are the different types of general speech purposes?

Speech to inform, demonstrate, persuade, entertain, and ceremonial speech.

What are the rules of language (syntax, semantics, context)?

Syntactic rule - How we govern the order of our sentences. Semantic rule- Governs the meaning of the rule and we interpret them Contextual rules - Govern meaning and word choice according to context and social custom.

What are the differences between an APA Reference Page and an MLA Works Cited page?

The APA is formatted with the references in the middle at the top of the page, double space references, and list source alphabetically by the last name of the first author.

How do you evaluate a source?

The CRAAP test. c- Currency, R- is Relevance, A- authority a- accuracy p- purpose

What is the difference between abstract and concrete language?

The more abstract your language is the more unclear it will be. The more concrete your language is the more clear and vivid it will be.

What is a residual message?

The residual message, is a message or thought that stays with your audience well after the communication is finished.

what is the difference between the transactional model and the constructivist model?

The transactional Model is where both, the source and the receiver take turns in both roles. Constructivist model focuses on the negotiated meaning, or common ground,

What is the semantic triangle?

This triangle illustrates how the words ( which are really nothing more than a combination of four letters) refer to the thought, which refers to the thing itself. Each letter stands for sounds and when they come together in a specific way, the sounds they represent when spoken express the "word" that symbolizes. the word stands for the actual event but is not the thing itself.

1. What are the organizing principles for a speech? Be able to identify time through elimination from table 12.6. (Will not test on ceremonial through oral interpretation)

Time, comparison, contrast, cause and effect, problem and solution, classification (categorical), biographical (examining specific people as they relate to the central topic), Space (involves the parts of something and how they fit to form the whole), Ascending and Descending (quantity and quality. One good story (quality) leads to the larger picture or the reverse), Psychological (focusing on their inherent needs and wants), elimination (using the process of elimination involves outlining all the possibilities)

1. What are the different categories of informative speeches? (focus on the main four)

explanation, report, description, demonstration

What factors influence selection?

exposure, attention, and retention Selective exposure: both information we choose to pay attention to and information that we choose to ignore. Selective attention: focusing on one stimulus Selective retention: choosing to remember one stimulus over another.

1. What is the serial position effect (i.e., primacy and recency)?

is a cognitive phenomenon whereby people tend to remember the first (primacy) and last (recency) items in a series.

1. How do you use vocalists effectively?

limit filler, vary rate and tone, use pauses

How do you use lecterns/podiums?

podium limit engagement

What are some good strategies to combat fears of public speaking?

preparing and organizing your presentation ahead of time.

What are the 3 stages of perception?

sensory stimulation and selection, organization, and interpretation.

1. What is the appropriate font size for a visual aid?

size depends on the purpose

How do you construct a specific purpose?

what going to inform, persuade, demonstrate/ entertain your audience? What type of ceremony is your speech intended for? A clear goal. try to write in just one sentence exactly what you are going to do.

1. What are the dos and don'ts of visual aids?

work well when discussing physical location with the reading audience. don't inconsistency in color scheme or theme. Small or complicated font or overwhelming text or graphics. Too much information or too many slides.