BHAN Exam 2 Chapter 11- Enhancing Your Body Image

-20 million women and 10 million men in the US will suffer from some sort of eating disorder over their lifetime. -In 2014, 2.1% of college students self-reported as having anorexia or bulimia. *******Common among ballet dancers and athletes, particularly sports with an aesthetic component (figure skating, etc.) -Male sufferers are increasing, currently representing up to 25% of anorexia and bulimia patients.

Stats on eating disorders

-The female ______________ involves three interrelated disorders 1. Low energy intake, typically prompted by disordered eating behaviors 2. Menstrual dysfunction, such as amenorrhea 3. Poor bone density

female athlete triad

-Relatively new form of body image disturbance and exercise disorder -Man or woman believes that his body is insufficiently lean or muscular (that he looks "puny") -Behaviors: comparing self unfavorably to others, frequently checking one's appearance in the mirror and camouflaging one's appearance

muscle dysmorphia

-A persistent, chronic eating disorder characterized by deliberate food restriction and severe, life-threatening weight loss. -Estimates suggest that 0.3% of women suffer from this eating disorder in their lifetime. o Self-starvation o Distorted body image o Purging through vomiting or using laxatives

Anorexia Nervosa

4 myths of body image

1. how you look is more important than who you are 2. anyone can be slender and attractive if they work at it 3. extreme dieting is an effective weight-loss strategy 4. things will go better for you after you achieve the perfect body

-Obsessively concerned with appearance -Have distorted view of own body shape, body size, weight, perceived lack of muscles, facial blemishes, size of body parts, etc. -Anxiety disorder or OCD often also present -May try to fix perceived flaws through abuse of steroids, excessive bodybuilding, cosmetic surgery, and extreme tattooing, etc.

BDD- Body Dysmorphic Disorder

-Characterized not by a desire to exercise but a compulsion to do so -A person may struggle with guilt and anxiety if he or she doesn't work out -Injuries to joints, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, broken bones, and stress on the heart occur -People with this disorder are often plagued by anxiety and/or depression

anorexia athletica

-Affected individuals gorge, but do not take excessive measures to lose the weight gained, so they may be clinically obese. -A national survey reported lifetime prevalence of this disorder in study participants was 1.4%.

binge eating disorder

factors influencing ____________: -media and popular culture -family, community, and cultural groups -physiological and psychological factors -distorted body image may be linked to the brain'a ability to regulate neurotransmitters -depression, anxiety disorders, OCD

body image

what you believe or emotionally feel about your body's shape, weight or appearance -How you see yourself in your mind -What you believe about your own appearance -How comfortable you feel about your body, including your height, shape, and weight -How you sense and control your body as you move

body image

-Individuals binge on huge amounts of food and then engage in purging, vomiting, taking laxatives, or exercising excessively to lose consumed calories. -These individuals may fall within normal weight range or they may be overweight. -Affects ~3% of adolescents and young women; rates for men are about 10% of female rates.

bulimia nervosa

A pattern of atypical behaviors used to achieve or maintain a lower body weight

disordered eating

A psychiatric disorder characterized by severe disturbances in body image and eating behaviors

eating disorder

how can you ___________: -Learn as much as you can about the disorder -Know the difference between facts and myths -Be honest -Be caring, but firm -Compliment your friend's personality, successes, or accomplishments -Be a good role model -Tell someone

help someone with disordered eating

is either a distorted perception of your shape or feelings of discomfort, shame, or anxiety about your body.

negative body image

-Unhealthy obsession with what would be otherwise healthy eating -Individuals become consumed with what and how much to eat, so much that eventually their food choices become very restrictive

orthorexia nervosa

-Patterns of eating disorder that do not fit into diagnostic criteria, but are a legitimate psychiatric illness -Includes 5 specific subtypes 1. Night eating syndrome 2. Purging disorder (absence of binge eating) 3. Binge-eating disorder of low/frequency/limited duration (All criteria for binge eating disorder are met, threshold=3 months) 4. Bulimia nervosa of low frequency/duration (All criteria met, but not as frequent, threshold= 3 months) 5. Atypical anorexia nervosa (Weight is still considered healthy)

other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED)

10 steps to a ___________: 1. Appreciate the amazing things your does 2. Make a list of things you like about yourself 3. Remind yourself true beauty is not skin deep 4. Look at yourself as a whole person 5. Surround yourself with positive people 6. Shut down those negative voices in your head 7. Wear clothes that make you feel good about your body 8. Become a critic of social and media messages 9. Show appreciation for your body 10. Use time and energy to help others

positive body image

is true perception of your appearance; a celebration of being unique.

positive body image

-Without treatment, about 20% of people with a serious eating disorder will die from it -With treatment, long-term recovery rates range from 44-76% for anorexia nervosa and 50-70% for bulimia nervosa

treatment of eating disorders