Bio 1 Chapter 22 Section 2 Quiz

Function: Food Storage Example: Narcissus Description: A shortened, compressed stem surrounded by fleshy leaves

Bulb Stem: Description, Function, and Example

Underground horizontal stems Function: Food Storage, Assuxal reproduction Example: Iris

Rhizome Stem: Description, Function, and Example

Horizontal stems that grow along the soil's surface in nature Function: Asexual Reproduction Example: Spider Plant, strawberry plants and some grasses

Runner Stem: Description, Function, and Example

Both are adaptations to limited water resources

Sometimes roots grow very deep and other situations have roots spreading out over a large area. Explain these specific adaptations.

Cactus: They have modified leaves called spines. They help to reduce water loss and protect it from being eaten by animals. Poinsettia: They have modified leaves called bracts. They are at the tips of the stems and change from green to another color in response to the number of hours of darkness in their environment. They usually have tiny flowers at the center to the colored leaves. The leaves look the flower petals to attracts things to pollinate it. Pitcher plant has cylinder like modified leaves that are filled with water and can trap and drown insects and small animals. Poison ivy or poison oak can cause serious skin irritation for some people. These leaves contain toxic chemicals that deter organisms from touching them.

State leaf modifications of a cactus, poinsettia, pitcher plant, and poison ivy.

Herbaceous stems are stems like asparagus are soft, flexible and and green due to the presence of chloroplasts. This helps it to perform photosynthesis. Most annual plants have this type of stem. -Woods stems are stems that are rigid and fibrous. They also are sturdy and woody stems that don't carry on photosynthesis. Most perennials have this type of stem. (palms and bamboos) (tree shrubs and many perennials)

State the difference between a herbaceous stem and a woody stem.

The root cap produces a lubricant as it grows to reduce friction as the root grows through the soil, a crack in a sidewalk, or some other material.

Why does the root cap produce a lubricant as it grows?

blade

a thin, flat part of the leaf that extends off the end of the petiole. It is green as it contains cholorophyll which is necessary in making the plant's food

Function: Food Storage Example: Crocus Composed almost entirely of stem tissue with some scaly leaves at its top

Corm Stem: Description, Function, and Example

Taproot Root System Function: Anchors plant, food and water storage Examples: Radishes, beets, carrots, and poison ivy Fibrous Root System Function: Anchors plant, rapid water storage Examples: Sweet potatoes

Give the TWO major types of root systems, give specific functions, and also provide edible examples of each.

1. The roots take in water and dissolved minerals that are transported to the rest of the plant. 2. Support

Give the TWO primary functions of roots.

A swollen underground stem with buds Function: Food Storage Example: White Potato

Tubular Stem: Description, Function, and Example

Leaves and reproductive structures (flowers)

What TWO plant parts are stems designed to support?

Annual growth rings

What does one count in order to determine the age of a tree?

A simple leaf is a leaf that which the leaf blades are not divided into smaller parts. A compound leaf is a leaf that has blades that are divided into two or more smaller leaflets.

What is the difference between a simple and compound leaf?

photosynthesis

What is the main function of leaves?

Bark

What usually covers the stems of older, mature perennial plants?

transportation

is the process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through pores in their leaves.

Petiole

is the stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem. -is the transition between the stem and the leaf blade.