BIO 100 Quiz 6

Transcription factors control exon spicing. a. True b. False

B. False Transcription factors must bind to DNA before it can be transcribed.

Okazaki fragments

Small fragments of DNA produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication, joined later by DNA ligase to form a complete strand.

Which one of the following does not play a role in translation? a. DNA b. tRNA c. Amino acids d. Anticodon e. Ribosomes

a. DNA DNA contains the instructions for making proteins, but these instructions are transcribed to RNA before translation occurs.

Which of the following does not occur during RNA processing? a. mRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome. b. Adenine nucleotides are added to the end of the RNA strand, forming a tail. c. Segments of the RNA strand that do not actually code for the protein are removed. d. A modified guanine nucleotide is added to the beginning of the RNA strand as a cap. e. Segments of RNA that do code for the protein are reconnected.

a. mRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome. mRNA attaches to the small subunit of a ribosome at the beginning of translation.

Why do scientists measure gene expression? a. Because Gene expression relates to changes in the genomic DNA b. Because Gene expression is dynamic, and the same gene may act in different ways under different circumstances. c. None of the above. Gene expression is obsolete based on the the new massive parallel sequencing technologies d. Because Gene expression is static, and the same gene is always expressed the same

b. Because Gene expression is dynamic, and the same gene may act in different ways under different circumstances.

Which of the following is FALSE. Finding a male calico cat is : a. Impossible, as X-chromosome inactivation happens only in XX females b. Impossible if his genotype is XY c. Possible as long as his genotype is XXY d. Possible if it is heterozygous for the color allele e. Possible but extremely rare

b. Impossible if his genotype is XY

Which of the following is a correct statement about mRNA? a. mRNA includes a cap that consists of extra adenine nucleotides. b. mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following RNA processing. c. mRNA is transcribed from DNA in the cytoplasm. d. mRNA binds directly to amino acids during translation. e. Segments of mRNA that code for protein are removed before translation.

b. mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following RNA processing. mRNA undergoes RNA processing in the nucleus and then moves to the cytoplasm for translation.

Which of the following is an example of a transgenic organism? a. A "test-tube" baby produced via in vitro fertilization b. A bacterium found with a plasmid that provides protection against an antibiotic c. A bacterium with human gene for producing insulin d. Dolly, the cloned sheep

c. A bacterium with human gene for producing insulin

Which of the following events occurs during transcription? a. Those segments of the RNA strand that do not actually code for the protein are removed. b. mRNA binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. c. A molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA. d. The message in mRNA is translated into a protein. e. A cap is added to the RNA molecule.

c. A molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA. During transcription, RNA nucleotides line up with their complementary DNA partners, transcribing the information in DNA into RNA.

Can one gene make different proteins? a. No, because genes do not make proteins b. No, because one gene can code for only a single protein c. Yes, by splicing the resulting mRNA differently (i.e., removing different exons) d. Yes, by modifying the original DNA

c. Yes, by splicing the resulting mRNA differently (i.e., removing different exons)

Restriction enzymes __________________________. a. restrict access to the DNA of a cell b. bind DNA together at specific nucleotide sequences c. cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences d. copy DNA

c. cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences

The site of translation is a. the cell nucleus. b. the plasma membrane. c. ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm d. ribosomes in the cell nucleus. e. the Golgi apparatus.

c. ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm

Gel electrophoresis separates pieces of DNA based on _________. a. quantity b. sequence c. size d. charge

c. size

The process of accurately amplifying a sample of DNA is called __________________________. a. recombinant DNA b. short tandem repeats c. the polymerase chain reaction d. gel electrophoresis

c. the polymerase chain reaction

In what way(s) can mRNAs be processed? a. By removing the introns (the noncoding regions) of the mRNAs b. By splicing the exons (the coding regions) of the mRNAs in different ways c. By adding caps and tails to the ends of the mRNAs d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Why is complementary DNA used in RNA sequencing? a. Because it captures all the genes expressed in a tissue or a cell b. Because cDNA is more stable than RNA c. Existing sequencing protocols are designed for sequencing DNA d. All the above are true

d. All the above are true

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Okazaki fragments? a. Okazaki fragments form during DNA replication b. They exist because DNA is anti parallel and can only be synthesized in one direction c. Are found in the lagging strand during DNA replication d. Are found in the leading strand during DNA replication

d. Are found in the leading strand during DNA replication

Which genes are responsible for your overall structure, such as how many legs you have and where they develop? a. Oncogenes b. Proto-oncogenes c. Growth factor genes d. Homeotic genes

d. Homeotic genes

Which of the following is FALSE regarding X-Chromosome inactivation. a. In female mammals, one of the two X chromosomes is highly compacted and transcriptionally inactive b. Calico fur coloration is due to inactivation of X chromosomes in heterozygous female cats c. Inactivated X chromosome is called a Barr body d. Inactivated X chromosome happens in the Zygote e. X-Chromosome inactivation is Random (either the maternal or paternal chromosome)

d. Inactivated X chromosome happens in the Zygote

Which of the following is NOT used in DNA ancestry? a. Y chromosome testing b. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP's) testing c. Mitochondrial DNA testing d. X chromosome testing

d. X chromosome testing

A supplemental appendix is to a book as a ____________ is to a bacterial chromosome. a. genetically modified organism b. bacterium c. restriction enzyme d. plasmid

d. plasmid

DNA profiling relies on an individual's ________, no two of which are the same between different people, except identical twins. a. unique set of genes b. unique mRNA sequences c. unique fingerprints d. unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA

d. unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA