BIO 102 Gleeson exam 2 unit 4-6

¡Supera tus tareas y exámenes ahora con Quizwiz!

of the two forms of photosynthesis, probably __ appeared before __, resulting in a lag between the evolution of photosynthesis and increases in __ in the atmosphere

cyclic, non-cyclic, oxygen

autocatalysts, like living organisms, have remarkable type of growth called

exponential

The two processes that determine the world's current biodiversity are ________.

extinction and speciation rates

The concept of "biosphere" refers to the fact that life has changed in response to the earth, but the earth has not changed in response to life.

false

the theory of evolution forced a fundamental reorganization of biological classification because of the emphasis on speciation

false

As a chemical reaction, aerobic respiration is similar to _________ and the "reverse" of ___________.

fire, photosynthesis

For the species Panthera pardus, Pathera is the __________ and pardus is the _________ and ___________ can include more than one ___________.

genus, species, genus, species

Because of this continuing carbon burial, it is believed that continued life depends on

geological uplift and weathering

Of the two linked carbon cycles, the "slow" cycle is driven by ________ energy and the "fast" cycle is driven by ___________ energy.

geological, solar

in all ecosystems energy is eventually lost to the environment via __

heat resulting from respiration

Compared to the closest planetary neighbors, the earth's current atmosphere has unexpectedly

high oxygen and high nitrogen

Conditions on the early earth surface are thought to include ________ ultra violet light and ________ carbon dioxide than today.

higher, higher

The correct binomial for the newly discovered species of Indonesian frogfish is

histiophryne psychedelica

The sixth mass extinction event is likely being caused by __________.

human-induced events

the __ includes all of the water that is underground, in surface bodies, and in the atmosphere

hydrosphere

The second law of thermodynamics states that

in any transformation, some of the original energy is converted to heat, and the system becomes more disordered

high population density can

increase the incidence of disease transmission and food scarcity

Catalysts serve to _______ the rate of chemical reactions by ________ the activation energy.

increase, lowering

a uniform distribution will occur when

individuals are competing for an evenly distributed resource such as space

a population is a group of __

individuals of a single species that live and interact in one area

genes are the basis fro a key ingredient, or resource, in the recipe for life. that ingredient is

information

jim corbett claus that the main reason a tiger becomes a man-eater is

injury reducing hunting abilities

The greatest diversity (numbers of different species) of organisms can be found in ________.

insects

members of two separate specifies do not normally __

interbreed

By 2.7 billion years ago, rocks formed that contained ____________ indicating that well before that life existed that could ___________.

iron oxide, photosynthesis

An example of a positive feedback loop ________.

is melting arctic snow exposing dark surfaces that heat up and cause further melting

The fossil record clearly shows that ________.

many species that once existed no longer do

which of the following scenarios would be an example of allopatric speciation

members of a population of meadowlarks....

Even in an exergonic reaction, the reactants must be __________ in energy state in order to transform into the products, which are at a _________ energy state.

raised, lower

Molecular data (DNA) has suggested significant reclassification of species between two related groups, the ______________ and the _______________.

reptiles, birds

which of the following is the broadest (most all-encompassing) level of ecological organization

the biosphere

the carrying capacity is __

the maximum population size that a given environment can sustain

A leaf falls from a tree and lands on the ground. Through time, bugs and bacteria consume the leaf. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is true?

the nutrients from the leaf have been recycled and released back into the soil

if a population has an annual growth rate of 10%, what would its population size be in 2 years?

there is not enough information give to answer this question

When looking at a phylogenetic tree, the Y-axis (vertical axis) is _______ and the branch points are ______.

time, speciation events

phylogenetic trees __

trace the flow of evolutionary change and diversification for a particular group of organisms

Plants release water vapor through their leaves; this process is called ________.

transpiration

energy flows through the biosphere, driving cycles of materials that can continue indefinitely

true

taxonomic classification of organisms sorts species that are similar to each other into groups, but deciding what traits to use is challenging. birds, bats, and butterflies all have wings, but they are classified into separate groups because of other differences

true

Ozone in the upper atmosphere selectively absorbs ____________ wavelengths in sunlight

ultraviolet

the linen system

uses binomial nomenclature

biological nitrogen fixation (nitrogen fixation that is performed by living organisms) is carried out by

various species of specializes bacteria

The component of today's living systems that exhibit "autocatalytic" capacity is

whole organisms

if a scientists spends his time studying communities and the nonliving materials that they interact with, he or she would be considered a __

ecosystem ecologists

Pharmaceuticals produced from wild species generate up to $150 billion in sales and save many lives each year. This is an example of __________.

ecosystem services

The transitional zone between ecosystems is called a(n) __________.

ecotone

A single, small population that exists only in one place on the planet is considered __________ to that area.

endemic

chemical reactions that require the input of energy to run are called __ and those that run spontaneously releasing energy are called __

endergonic, exergonic

Keeneland and the Kentucky Horse Park are both excited about plans to use horse manure (muck) for

energy

each step in the biochemical pathways regulating living organisms today are regulated by protein catalysts called __

enzymes

in the transfer of matter in ecosystems, the greatest movement of nutrients is between

detritus and producers

gene sequences that change very slowly are best when studying relationships between __ related species

distantly

The aki is a type of __________ found in __________.

bird, Hawaii

Of the following, ________ are the major factors that determine a population's growth rate.

birth rate, death rate, emigrations, and immigration

One example of artificial selection is ________.

broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and brussels sprouts bred from Brassica oleracea

because of the presumed balance of photosynthesis and respiration, the excess oxygen in the atmosphere is thought to be due to

burial of carbon in rocks

all organic compounds contain __

carbon

one gas in the atmosphere is much lower than expected compared to nearby plants, which is why it doesn't take much to increase it. that gas is

carbon dioxide

much of the chemistry of life involved organic molecules by definition contain __ and are the product of reactions that are generally __

carbon, endergonic

forming the cell walls of stems, leaves, and roots, what compound is a primary structural constituent of plant tissues?

cellulose

Horses and leopards are in the same _________ but not in the same ________.

class, order

Biome distributions show a close match with

climate

People think biofuels (wood, switchgrass, etc.) are "better" than coal because

coal burning increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

The greatest human impact on the carbon cycle has been through ________.

combustion of fossil fuels

the biosphere, the zone in which life exists, is hardly more than __ miles thick

20

If an animal population doubles in size every 10 years, how big will it become after 50 years if it starts at 100? (so, starting now at 100, in ten years it's how much? In 20? etc.)

3,200

The earliest rocks dated so far formed 3.8 billion years ago (BYA), and the earliest rocks with fossil bacteria formed _______ BYA.

3.5

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, the solar energy absorbed by chlorophyll is used to __

Both A and C; split water molecules and release oxygen in the form of O2, produce small, high-energy molecules that are used in the Calvin cycle to manufacture sugars

which of the following is accurate?

Ecotourism combines wildlife conservation with economic benefits.

When you burn a log in your fireplace you are converting ________.

chemical to thermal (heat) energy

when KY politicians met with president Obama, they argued __ eliminating coal tax subsidies and __ funding underground carbon capture and storage projects

against, for

The greatest source of both nitrogen and phosphorus entering Chesapeake Bay is ________.

agriculture

cells

all of the above

The basic idea driving most research on the origin of life is that compared to modern biochemistry, the early precursors of life must have been

chemically simpler

a protein is a long chain of

amino acids

the key event photosynthesis that converts light energy to chemical energy, is when a photon raise the energy state of

an electron

all of the following are approaches to reducing eutrophication except __

applying fertilizers to farmland just before heavy rains are predicted

all of the following are considered reservoirs for carbon except __

aquifers

wildfires __ at the highest frequency in the central most region of Australia because it is also the __ part

are not, driest

Autocatalysts are a special class of catalysts that promote reactions that create more ________.

autocatalyst

Using DNA to create the Tree of Life confirmed the "Three Domain" view of the overall tree, where two of the three main branches are groups of _________.

bacteria

Genes can only be used to create phylogenies

because genes change in fairly small steps

a recent research breakthrough on genetic control of tooth formation showed that __ that lacked a particular gene produced __ teeth

mice, extra

The total amount of chemical energy produced by autotrophs, such as plants and phytoplankton, is called gross primary production. The energy that remains after plants use some of the gross primary production to fuel their own metabolism is known as ________.

net primary production

the largest reservoir of water in the hydrological cycle is __

oceans

it is thought that one gas is very near the maximum that can stably occur. that gas is

oxygen

something that can be accurately said about our current atmosphere is that

ozone forms in the upper atmosphere due to the effects of sunlight

The unusual composition of the atmosphere is consistent with the action of life because _________________ uses up _____________ and releases ____________.

photosynthesis, carbon dioxide, and oxygen

wildlife in the Serengeti is currently threatened by __

plans to build a highway that passes through the park

Major transitions in the history of life include, in order of appearance,

prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms

the gene that results in a red flow in the transgenic puppy was taken from

sea anemone

the genetic code is used by the cell to convert gene __ into protein __

sequences, sequences

population distribution describes

spatial arrangement of individuals of a single species within a particular area or ecosystem

the niche of a species is the functional role of that species in the community that it belongs to. species that have narrow niches are said to be __, while species that have broader niches are known as __

specialists, generalists

Of the following, ________ can change global species diversity.

speciation and extinction

Why can many different species coexist and thrive in areas close to the equator?

stable equatorial climatic allow numerous species to coexist

photosynthesis yields __, respiration yields __ and DNA expression yields __

sugar, energy, proteins

The large predator most likely to go extinct in the 21st century is the

sumatran tiger

the genetic code

supports the hypothesis of a common origin of all current species

precipitation ___

that is acidic would have a pH lower than pure water


Conjuntos de estudio relacionados

Solutions to Chapter Questions (2, 3, 4, 5, 9)

View Set

CH17. Information Security: Barbarians at the Gateway (and Just About Everywhere Else)

View Set

Time is an important variable in many psychological concepts. Describe a specific example that clearly demonstrates an understanding of each of the following concepts and how it relates to or is affected by time. Use a different example for each concept.

View Set

Chapter 11: Public Goods and Common Resources

View Set

Audit 403W Exam 2 - Homework and exam questions

View Set