bio 1108 learning catalytics: unit 1
Highlight the 4 keywords that represent Darwin's 2 (or 4) observation that lead to his theory of evolution by natural selection Darwin developed the inferences that became the theory of evolution by natural selection through several key observations. Darwin noticed that individuals in a population vary in their traits and some of those traits were inherited by the offspring of those individuals. Darwin also noticed that offspring competed for a finite set of environmental resources which ultimately led to the mortality of some of those offspring.
1. vary (variation), 2. inherited (heritability), 3. competed (competition), and 4. mortality
Evolution is (choose all that apply) A. An observable pattern B. only a theory C. a process that drives unity and diversity D. a small field of biology E. an educated guess F. something that happens within individuals
A + C
Two skunk species living in the same location are capable of producing fertile, viable offspring. They both use similar behaviors to attract mates, yet one skunk breeds during winter and the other breeds during summer. Based on this what barriers to gene flow and reproductive isolation mechanisms exist in these skunks? (choose all that apply). A. prezygotic barrier B. postzygotic barrier C. behavioral isolation D. habitat isolation E. temporal isolation F. reduced hybrid fertility
A + E
Which of the following is a scientific hypothesis? A. Evolution by Natural Selection B. "Variation in human genetics yields differences in human food preferences, since variation in DNA sequences results in taste receptors with unique functions" C. "If you pet your cat, then it will start purring because it relaxes its vocal cords" D. "If I walk into a room filled with COVID-19 without a mask and without a vaccination, then I will develop COVID-19 symptoms, because my immune system will not be able to fight the foreign pathogen"
B
Is the population evolving? A. Yes, rapidly B. Yes, slowly C. No, not at all D. No, because the observed and expected values are similar enough E. Not enough information to determine this
B + D
Which of these were important scientific contributions from disciplines outside of biology to the theory of evolution by natural selection A. Organisms could be grouped together B. Fossils indicate that some groups of organisms have died off C. small physical changes to the planet lead to big changes over time D. populations can outgrow finite resources
B, C, + D
You want to study whether bacteria colonies that are using different resouces represent distinct species. The bacteria are using different environments each associated with novel resources, that bacteria appear different, and the bacteria have significant genetic differences. Under which species concept(s), would you conclude the bacteria are different species? (Choose all that apply) A. Biological Species Concept B. Ecological Species Concept C. Morphological Species Concept D. Phylogenetic Species Concept
B, C, + D
Deer competiting for a mate by butting antlers most closely aligns with which of the following? A. Disruptive selection B. Heterozygous advantage C. Intrasexual selection D. Intersexual selection
C
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium is best categorized as A. A broad theory that explains the evolution of all life B. A model that suggests when evolution has occurred across the entire genome C. A model that suggests when evolution has not occurred at a particular gene D. A well-supported hypothesis that all life may or may not evolve
C
In Black Americans the frequency of having the rare recessive cystic fibrosis disease is much lower at 1 in 17,000. What is the probability of being a carrier of the disease for this demographic? A. 0.000059 B. 0.0077 C. 0.015 D. 0.99
C
In White Americans, the frequency of cycstic fibrosis (a recessive geentic disorder) is 1 in every 3500. What is the probability of being a carrier for this demographic? A. 0.00029 B. 0.017 C. 0.033 D. 0.98
C
The figure below shows the tranmission rate (a proxy for fitness) of a bacteria pathogen as the dependent variable and amount of swelling in a bird host as the dependent variable. Based on this which mode of selection is acting on conjuctival swelling? *graph shown just shows a curve.* A. Directional B. Disruptive C. Stabilizing D. Heterozygous advantage E. Negative Frequency Dependence F. No selection
C
Which of Darwin's observations most closesly aligns with "The struggle for existence"? (Choose all that apply) A. Variation B. Heritability C. Competition D. Mortality
C
Which of the follow is true about adaptation and fitness? A. Fitness only matters if it increases the presence of an adaptation in the future population B. An organism that is adapted to live for 100s of years, but in capable of producing offspring would have high fitness C. Some organisms that are well adapted to their environments may have low fitness just by chance D. An organism that is well adapted to the current environment will be well adapted to its future environment
C
Which of these examples best exhibits one of Darwin's inferences? A. Each individual killer whale has a unique pattern B. A fruitfly produces 1,000,000 of offspring 95% of which die off C. Sooty coloration increased over generations in moths exposed to industrial pollution D. A female albino raven produces a daughter with albino feathers
C
Order the correct sequence of allopatric speciation I. barriers to gene flow II. speciation III. geographic separation IV. changes in allele frequencies in populations A. I,III,II,IV B. III,I,IV,II C. III,IV,I,II D. IV,I,II,III E. IV,III,I,II
C.
Heliconius heurippa is a butterfly that shows genetic evidence of being a distinct hybrid species compared to its close relatives. This species has an intermediate color morphology that acts as a sexually selected behavioral barrier to reproduction. H. heurippa most likely A. evolved by heterozygous advantage B. is not viable or fertile C. evolved by allopatric speciation D. evolved by sympatric speciation
D
Which of the following is most directly responsible for heritable trait variation in humans? A. A mutation in the cells of the body B. A mutation on the Y chromosome C. Trait variation induced by the environment D. When chromosomes swap segments during meiosis
D