BIO 111-05 EXAM II REVIEW

If one strand of a DNA molecule has he sequence of bases 5'TTCATG-3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence

5'CATGAA-3'

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

contains one less oxygen atom from the sugar in RNA

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in

chloroplast

Which is not part of a prokaryotic cell? - nucleoid - cell wall - chloroplast - ribosome

chloroplast

Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

chloroplast

What is incorrect about the following statement: "The mRNA sequence reads ATGCCATGG..." - mRNA is not linear - mRNA is made up of amino acids - mRNA has a U in place of T - mRNA is double stranded

mRNA has a U in place of T

When a potassium ion (K+) moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion?

primary cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, vacuole

The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the

primary level

Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true? - generally solidify at room temp - more common in animals than in plants - contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number if carbon atoms - they have double bonds in their fatty acid chains

they have double bonds in their fatty acid chains

Which is NOT a function of proteins? - speed chemical reactions - bind to hormones (hormone receptor) - can be hormones - carry the code of translation from nucleus to the ribosomes

- carry the code of translation from nucleus to the ribosomes

Which of the following compounds are formed by dehydration reactions? - triacylglycerols - amino acids - monosaccharides - fatty acids

- triacylglycerols

A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be composed of - 120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules - 120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules - 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules - 120 adenine and 120 guanine molecules

120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules

If a DNA sample were composed of 30% adenine, what would be the percentage of guanine? - 15% - 30% - 20% - 50%

20%

If a DNA sample were composed of 25% adenine, what would be the percentage of thymine? - 25% - 30% - 35% - 50%

25%

How many peptide bonds are present in a polypeptide that contains 50 amino acids? - 100 - 51 - 25 - 49

49

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

ER, Golgi, vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

The main factor that is devastating if you discover, as a female, that you have a mitochondrial disease in your 30s is

That mitochondrial diseases are maternally inherited

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that a very inexpensive microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the more more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

The toy microscope has good magnification, but has low resolution and therefore poor-quality images

What is the correct order for secretion?

rough ER, Golgi, transport vesicle, exocytosis

Which of the following is NOT an argument for the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic endosymbionts? - mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes - mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA - the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes are circular - all of these support the endosymbiotic theory

all of these support the endosymbiotic theory

Which of the following is a monomer used to build a biological polymer? - disaccharide - DNA - amino acid - triglyceride

amino acid

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from - a bacterium - any eukaryotic organism - an animal, but not a plant - an arachaeal or eukaryotic organism

an arachaeal or eukaryotic organism

All lipids - have low energy content - contain nitrogen - are made from glycerol and fatty acids - are not very water soluble

are not very water soluble

Which of the following are pyrimidines? - adenine and guanine - cytosine and uracil - adenine and thymine - cytosine and guanine

cytosine and uracil

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger host cell--the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria

If you located a single-stranded piece of nucleic acid in a cell, what would it be made of? - fatty acids - sugars - glycerol - nucleotides

fatty acids

Which of the following are purines? - guanine and adenine - adenine and thymine - cytosine and guanine - thymine and uracil - uracil and cytosine

guanine and adenine

Autophagy removes old damaged organelles like mitochondria. Which organelle is most critical for autophagy? - smooth ER - rough ER - Golgi apparatus - lysosomes

lysosomes

Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the

mitochondria

The sequence 5'-GAACGA-3' may be found in which of the following? - DNA only - either DNA or RNA - RNA only - neither DNA nor RNA

neither DNA nor RNA

The sequence 5'GAACUT-3' may be found in which of the following? - DNA only - RNA only - either DNA or RNA - neither DNA or RNA

neither DNA or RNA

If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 32p, which of these molecules will be radioactively labeled? - nucleic acids - starch - triacylglycerol - fatty acids

nucleic acids

In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophilic amino acid such as asparagine?

on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide is the HINT: "tertiary" = 3

overall 3-D shape of a fully folded peptide

Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein? - phosphodiester bonds - hydrogen bonds - peptide bonds - disulfide bonds

peptide bonds

Which of the following large biological molecules will self-assemble into a bilayer when mixed with water? - cellulose - proteins - - triacylglycerols - phospholipids

phospholipids

Which kind of cells make plasmodesmata?

plant cells

Which of the following statements correctly describes a function of the Golgi apparatus?

protein modification and sorting

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? - proteins - cellulose - lipids - nucleic acids - glycogen

proteins

A biologist wants to examine the surfaces of different types of cells in kidney tubules of small mammals. The cells in question can be distinguished by external shape, size, and 3-D characteristics. Which of the following would be the optimum method for her study? - cell fractionation - scanning electron microscopy - light microscopy of living unstained material - transmission electron microscopy - light microscopy using stained sections of kidney tissue

scanning electron microscopy

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells? - rough ER - Golgi apparatus - nuclear envelope - lysosomes - smooth ER

smooth ER

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? - ribosome - smooth ER - lysosome - mitochondrion

smooth ER

What technique would be most appropriate to use to observe the movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division? - scanning electron microscopy - super-resolution - standard light microscopy - transmission electron microscopy

standard light microscopy

What is the structure shown in figure 3.10?

steroid molecule

Polysaccharides, triacylglycerols, and proteins are similar in that they - synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions - synthesized through the formation of peptide bonds between monomers - synthesized from monomers by hydrolysis reactions - broken down into their subunits by dehydration reactions

synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions

Comparison of samples from the liver of an alcoholic with samples from the liver of a non-drinker when examined by transmission electron microscopy would likely reveal that

the liver of the alcoholic has expansive smooth ER compared to the non-drinker's liver

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be defective in this condition? - Golgi apparatus - mitochondrion - the lysosome - the ER

the lysosome

Which of the following statements regarding saturated fatty acids is true? - they are the principle molecules in lard and butter - they have double bonds between the carbon atoms of the fatty acids - they are usually liquid at room temp - they are usually produced by plants

they are the principle molecules in lard and butter

The molecule shown in figure 3.9 is a(n)

unsaturated fatty acid

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

vacuole