Bio 111 Brand Exam 2

A pathogen is ingested by a white blood cell. How might a lysosome assist in getting rid of the pathogen.

A lysosome can fuse to the pathogen once it has been engulfed in a vesicle, breaking it down with digestive enzymes.

Which of the following is true of diffusion?

Diffusion of particles along the concentration gradient will occur until the particles are equally distributed in all areas of the solution.

Tasha placed a collection of red blood cells into a container filled with an unknown solution. Once in the container, Tasha noticed that the red blood cells swelled and some of the burst. What type of solution were the red blood cells placed in?

Hypotonic

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix?

Regulating cell differentiation.

What is the main function of cytoplasm in the cell?

Suspending cellular structures and providing a place for cellular functions to take place.

Smooth ER

Synthesizes steroids and carbohydrates.

Which of the following statements regarding chloroplasts is false?

Thylakoids are pigments found within chloroplasts that give plants their green color.

First step of the signal transduction pathway?

A ligand binds to the cell-surface receptor.

What do microfilaments do?

Aid in cell movement and vesicle.

Smooth ER

Aids in the detoxification process.

What is cell theory?

All living things are made of one or more cells, cells are the basic units of organization or function, cells are in all living things.

What do intermediate filaments transportation do?

Bear tension and maintain cell shape

Which of the following is true regarding the proteins involved in facilitated diffusion?

Channel and carrier proteins transport materials at different rates.

Which of the following choices correctly describes the composition of a ribosome?

Contains RNA and proteins

Which of the following choices correctly describes the composition of the cell membrane?

Contains lipids and proteins

Rough ER

Contains ribosomes on its surface.

Which of the following statements best describes eukaryote chromosomes compared to prokaryote chromosomes?

Eukaryotes generally have multiple linear chromosomes, while prokaryotes have a single stranded circular chromosome.

A single prokaryotic cell can divide several times in an hour. Most eukaryotic cells cannot divide this quickly. Which of the following statements best explains this difference?

Eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells.

Some substances such as sugars, amino acids, and ions move across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration using special proteins embedded in the membrane. Which of the following terms applies to this type of cell transport?

Facilitated diffusion.

Last step of the signal transduction pathway?

Final target causes response.

In which direction do particles in a solution move during passive diffusion?

From higher to lower areas of concentration.

Which of the following statements is true regarding gap junctions?

Gap junctions form when connexons align in adjacent animal cells to form a channel.

What does a microtubule do?

Help the cell resist compression forces.

What type of microscope would be most effective for studying a living cell?

Light microscope.

What is the primary function of rough ER?

Making secretory proteins.

Rough ER

Modifies proteins to be used in cellular membranes.

Which of the following is true of osmosis?

Osmosis is a type of passive transport.

Which of the following statements regarding cell signaling is true?

Paracrine signaling allows neighboring cells to communicate over relatively short distances.

Amoeba proteus is a species of amoeba that gets its energy by engulfing small, unicellular organisms with its membrane. It then digests these organisms using internal vesicles. What is the name of the process used by the amoeba to get its energy?

Phagocytosis

There are several forms of endocytosis, such as phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Which of the following describes a difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

Phagocytosis is the intake of large particles or other cells, while pinocytosis is the intake of small amounts of liquid.

Which of the following is true regarding plasmodesmata?

Plasmodesmata allow for neighboring plant cells to transport ions, water, and other substances.

Which of the following describes the function of the Sodium-Potassium pump?

Potassium cannot attach to the pump until the sodium ions detach from the pump.

Which of the following is true regarding receptor mediated endocytosis(RME)?

RME involves the use of coat coat of proteins in a pit.

A cell has a mutation that makes it unable to appropriately synthesize proteins. Which organelles function is likely to be impaired by this mutation?

Ribosomes

Third step of the signal transduction pathway?

Second messenger molecules are released.

Which of the following choices describes a function of the plasma membrane?

Separating the interior of the cell and the exterior of the cell, receiving cell signals, controlling the passage of various molecules.

Which of the following is an example of active transport?

Sodium being reabsorbed in the kidney.

Which of the following substances is unable to diffuse across the plasma membrane?

Sodium, because ions have charge.

How can substances be transported across a membrane against their concentration gradient?

Some membrane proteins are ATP-dependent carrier molecules.

Ligands are signaling molecules that bind to receptors. Which of the following statements is true of ligands?

The binding of a ligand to a receptor molecule causes the receptor to change shape.

Which of the following correctly describes the structure and function of the cell wall in plants?

The cell wall is composed of mainly cellulose. It supports the cell, allowing it to maintain a rigid shape.

A cell releases chemical signals into its surrounding space in order to communicate with neighboring cells. Which of the following must occur for the communication to be successful?

The neighboring cell must have the right receptor to receive the signal.

A scientist observes a new organism through a microscope. Which of the following observations tells her that the organism is eukaryotic?

The organism has a membrane bound nucleus.

Which of the following statements describes how the prokaryotic cells appear compares to the eukaryotic cells?

The prokaryotic cells are much smaller than the eukaryotic cells.

Second step of the signal transduction pathway?

The receptor activates a protein at the membrane.

Which of the following are examples of exocytosis?

The release of antibodies from a white blood cell, the transport of chemical messengers out of nerve cells.

Part of the membrane of the golgi pinches off and moves away in the form of a vesicle . Which of the following is true of this process?

The vesicles often deliver proteins to other areas in the cell or outside of the cell membrane.

Which of the following junctions form a watertight seal between neighboring cells?

Tight junction.

A team of scientists is studying detailed internal structures of a newly discovered cellular organism. What type of microscopy tool should the scientists use in order to observe these structures?

Transmission electron microscope.

Which of the following molecules crosses through a semipermeable membrane during the process of osmosis?

Water

An animal cell has a 2% salt concentration. It is placed into a solution with a .05% salt concentration. What will happen to the animal cell?

Water will move into the animal cell, causing it to swell and burst.

A plant cell has 5% salt concentration. It is placed into a solution containing a 12% salt concentration. What will happen to the plant cell.

Water will move out of the plant cell, causing it to shrivel.