bio 112 module 3

Bone cells called __________ continually remodel bone.

osteocytes

Which of the following would describe an animal that lays eggs?

oviparous

Sharks that are __________ incubate their eggs in the uterus.

ovoviviparous

Which of the following is not a part of the axial skeleton?

pelvis

Which cells or cell components play an essential role in the clotting of blood?

platelets

The organizational unit of skeletal muscle tissue is the:

sarcomere

Calcium ions are commonly stored in the __________ of the muscle cell.

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is not a function of adipose tissue?

secretion

For gas exchange to occur quickly and efficiently, which type of epithelium must be present on all respiratory surfaces?

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?

skin

The adult form of which of the following animals is not capable of locomotion?

sponges

Which structure is used to help regulate buoyancy of fish?

swim bladder

The fluid that provides lubrication for movable joints is called:

synovial fluid.

The primary problem animals faced in adapting to life on land was

the dry atmosphere.

Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by all chordates at some point in their life cycle?

vertebrae

Which of the following is not an adaptation of reptiles for life in a terrestrial habitat?

vertebrate column

Does an insect have a skeleton? If so, what kind

yes; exoskeleton

Prominent spines are found on __________ of the phylum Echinodermata.

Echinoidea

Which of the following statements about keratin is false?

It facilitates diffusion across the body surface.

Lungs absorb oxygen from inhaled air, and the small intestine move ingested material through the digestive tract and absorbs nutrients from ingested food. Which of the following statements describes the type of epithelium you would expect to line each of these surfaces?

The lungs are lined by a simple squamous epithelium, and the small intestine is lined by a ciliated columnar epithelium.

A tissue is represented by a group of __________ adapted to carry out __________.

closely associated, similar cells; specific functions

What type of cells line the lumen tube of the digestive tract?

columnar

Diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians and __________, have only two germ layers, ectoderm and __________.

ctenophores; endoderm

Hair follicles and blood vessels are found in which layer of the skin?

dermis

The four basic animal tissues are:

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

The three main types of skeletons are hydrostatic skeletons, endoskeletons, and ____.

exoskeletons

The axial skeleton consists of all the following, except _______.

femur

The first function of feathers was most likely:

insulation

For most reptiles, fertilization is __________ and they are __________.

internal; oviparous

Accumulation of __________ contributes to muscle fatigue.

lactic acid

Homeostatic mechanisms are processes that:

maintain a relatively constant internal environment

A person with fair skin produces less __________ than a person with dark skin.

melanin

A true body cavity completely surrounded by __________ is called a coelom

mesoderm

The two groups representing the "jawless" fishes are

myxini cephalos

Which type of tissue forms a communication and coordination system within the body?

nervous

Marsupials include the:

opossum

Tissues associate to form:

organs

The condition that is characterized by the wearing-down of joints due to insufficient cartilage repair is called:

osteoarthritis.

One difference between cardiac muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers is that cardiac muscle fibers:

branch and form complex networks, while skeletal muscle fibers do not

Intercalated disks are gap junctions between cells of:

cardiac muscle tissue.

Structure in the living world is organized at hierarchical levels. Which of the following choices lists several of these, from least inclusive to most inclusive (simple to complex)?

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Metamorphosis occurs in which of the following vertebrate classes?

Amphibia

Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?

Porifera

How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?

Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.

Which of the following characteristics is used to characterize vertebrates?

a bony endoskeleton

Arrange the events of muscular contraction in chronological order.

acetylcholine is released - T tubules are depolarized - calcium binds to troponin - ATP molecule is split - filaments slide - muscle shortens

In deuterostomes the first opening develops into the:

anus

Both smooth muscle fibers and cardiac muscle fibers:

are under involuntary control.

A __________ plane divides the animal body into dorsal and ventral parts.

frontal

When a muscle contracts, thick filaments slide along thin filaments, causing the entire _____ to decrease in length.

sacromere