BIO 112 unit 2 topic 11

7. Relating to reproduction in animals a. state which animals undergo sexual reproduction involving eggs and sperm; b. distinguish between monoecious animals dioecious animals and state which type is hermaphroditic

a. Dioecious animals use sperm and egg for procreation. Its because they are organisms with male and female parts, but the female parts are not on the same organism as their organisms with male parts b. monoecious animals are the hermaphrodite, because they have both genders not the same organism. The dioecious organisms have both genders but not on the same organism

3. define zoology

the study of animals

10. Define tissue, organ, organ system; and, give examples of animal tissues, animal organs, and animal organ systems

tissue are multiple cells with the same function working together to do the same function (skin) organ-2 or more tissues that structurally do the same function. (heart) organ system-Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function (digestive system)

6. Distinguish between vertebrates and invertebrates and state which group comprises more than 99% of all animal species

vertebraes have vertebraes (backbones), and invertebraes don't have vertebraes (backbones). 99% of all the animals are invertebraes

1. relating to the classification of animals, state the domain and kingdom for animals

Eukarya: Animalia

4. State whether animals are: prokaryotic or eukaryotic; multicellular or unicellular; autotrophic or heterotrophic ( with internal digestion) or heterotrophic ( with internal digestions)

Eukaryotic, multicellular, and heterotrophic ( internal digestion),

13. Relating to the stages of pre-embryonic development in animals a. state the 3 categories of animals b. describe the evolutionary pathway of those 3 categories c. give an example of animals in each of the three categories

a. asymmetrical--> radial--> bilateral b. asymmetrical-- zygote--> blastula ( then embryo then adult) bilateral symmetry-- zygote--> blastula--> gastrula ( then embryo--> adult) gastrula is triploblastic radial symmetry-- zygote-->blastula--> gastrula (then embryo--> adult) diploblastic gastrula is diploblastic c. radial --> Cnidarians bilateral--> arthropods asymmetrical--> porifera

14. Relate the 3 categories of animals relating to symmetry a. to the 3 categories of animals relating to tissues and organs b. to the 3 categories of animals relating to the stages of pre-embryonic development

a. bilateral are only 2 halves because they have a complex body system, because they have organs and organ systems radial is a less advanced body system, because of the lack of organs asymmetrical is a really basic body system built up from the lack of organs and tissue b. the radial evolve into an organism with basic components that don't require a mesoderm, so they only grow up with tissue Asymmetrical grow from the embryo without the need for organs so they don't need a mesoderm or ectoderm and endoderm to make tissue and organs bilateral- have mesoderm and ectoderm and endoderm to make vertebrae, or tissue and organs and organ systems

11. Relating to tissues and organs in animals a. state the 3 categories of animals b. describe the evolutionary pathway of those 3 categories c. state which category has organ systems d. give an examples of animals in each of the 3 categories

a. bilateral symmetrical-- organs systems, tissues, and organs , radial symmetrical-- tissue no organs, and no organ systems asymmetrical-- no tissue, no organs, no organ systems b. asymmetrical--> radial symmetry--> bilateral symmetrical c. bilateral symmetry has organ systems d. bilateral symmetry- chordate asymmetrical- porifera radial symmetry-- Cnidarian

16. relating to the classification of animals a. list the major classification categories relating to symmetry b. list the 9 major phyla of animals ( by scientific name and common name) c. place these phyla into classification categories according to their symmetry

a. bilateral, radial, asymmetrical b. Bilateral Porifera Radial Cnidaria Bilateral Platyhelminthes nematodes Annelida mollusks arthropoda chordate Echinodermata

17. Relating to bilaterally symmetrical animals a. distinguish between protostomes and deuterostomes: and, state which animal phyla are protostomes and which are deuterostomes b. distinguish between acoelomates, pseudoccoelomates, and coelomates; and state which animal phyla are acoelomates, which are pseudoccoelomates, and which are coelomates c. Define and describe ecdysis; and state which animal phyla are grow by molting

a. protostomes are organisms whose mouth develops from their blastopore, and deuterostomes are organisms whose anus develops from the blastopore protostomes nematode Platyhelminthes Annelida Mollusca Arthropoda deuterostomes Echinodermata Chordata b. acoelomates have no body cavity, coelomates have a body cavity called the coelom which is between mesoderm, and the pseudocoelomate's body cavity is between the endoderm and mesoderm Pseudoccoelomates Nematoda annelida Coelomates Annelida Mollusca Arthropoda Echinoderm Chordata Acoelomates Platyhelminthes c. ecdysis is growth by molting when you she the outer shell Ecdysis Nematoda Arthropoda

8. Define symmetry in animals a. distinguish between symmetrical animals and asymmetrical animals b. Distinguish between radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry in animals

a. symmetrical animals have symmetry in their bodies. their halves are pretty closely the same if cut I half and placed next to each other. Asymmetrical organisms have no symmetry if they were cut in half their halves would not be the same b. radial symmetry is for organisms that can be cut an infinite amount of times and still have symmetry. Bilateral symmetry in organisms are organisms that can only be cut once, to gain the equal halves.

9. Relating to symmetry in animals a. state the 3 categories of animals b. describe the evolutionary pathway of those 3 categories c. give an examples of animals in each of the 3 categories

a. the 3 categories of animals are radial symmetrical, bilaterally symmetrical , and asymmetrical b. the evolutionary pathway is asymmetrical--> radial symmetry--> bilateral symmetry c. asymmetrical- Cnidarian asymmetrical - (porifera ( sponges bilateral symmetry- arthropod

12. Relating to pre-embryonic stages of animal development a. describe a zygote b. distinguish between a blastula and a gastrula c. label and describe a diploblastic gastrula, including the germ layers, the blastosphere, and the archenteron d. Label and describe a triploblastic gastrula, including the germ layers, the blastopore, and the archenteron

a. this is a diploid cell causes by the fertilization of the sperm ( haploid) and egg (n haploid) b. a blastula is a sphere with no cells in the center. There may be liquid in the center though. Gastrula is a sphere with a cavity exiting out of the sphere. It is the step after the blastula c. diploblastic gastrula-- has 2 primary germ layers--endoderm and endoderm. looks like a sphere with a cavity, surrounding the cavity is the endoderm, and the outside is the ectoderm. d. triploblastic gastrula- has 3 germ layers, endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm. Same layout as the diploblastic gastrula but with mesoderm in between the ectoderm and endoderm

15. Relating to combined animal development a. distinguish between undifferentiated cells and differentiated cells b. give examples of what the undifferentiated cells in the 3 germ layers of the gastrula becomes when they differentiate into specific tissues and organs c. describe what the archenteron in the gastrula becomes after differentiation. d. Describe what the blastopore in the gastrula becomes after differentiation e. distinguish between the coelom and pseudocoelem body cavities

a. undifferentiated cell has not changed yet. Differentiated is thenundifferentiated cell after it has changed its cell function. b. mesoderm can becomes gonads, and or muscles endoderm becomes orgns like heart or lungs ectoderm becomes the skin or vertebrae c. the archenteron becomes the digestive tract d. the blastopore becomes the mouth or anus e. coelom has a body cavity formed fully within the mesoderm pseudoclomate's body cavity is formed between the ectoderm and mesoderm ascoelomites has no body cavities

5. State the major differences between animals and plant cells

animals have centrioles, and vesicles, and plants don't. Plants have a central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall

2. define fauna

another name for animals