bio 122 unit quiz 7
Defecation is initiated by:
***A and B*** A. stretching of the rectum B. a parasympathetic reflex
The functions of the large intestine include:
absorption of water
The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as
absorption.
During swallowing:
all of the above
Gastric secretion is regulated by:
all of the above
The large intestine:
all of the above contains a normal flora of bacteria has epiploic appendages on its surface has haustra and teniae coli
In response to the arrival of acid chyme in the duodenum, the
blood levels of secretin rise.
The roof of the oral cavity is formed by
both the hard palate and the soft palate.
Brush border enzymes secreted by the mucosa of the small intestine function to:
complete chemical digestion
The muscularis layer of the gastrointestinal tract is:
contains both circular and longitudinal smooth muscle fibers
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach:
converts pepsinogen into active pepsin
Most of the digestion of food occurs in the:
duodenum and jejunum
The order of the of the small intestine segments, from proximal to distal, is
duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
The crown of a tooth is covered by
enamel
Which of the following is not a direct function of the digestive tract?
energy production
The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is the
falciform ligament
About one-third of the food reaching the stomach is digested and absorbed into the blood before leaving the stomach.
false
All movements of the gastrointestinal tract are initiated by nerve impulses originating in the spinal cord or higher brain centers
false
Eliminating waste products is the most important function of the gastrointestinal tract
false
Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of
fats
Which of the following molecules are absorbed in the small intestine?
fatty acids, monosaccharides, and amino acids
G cells of the stomach secrete
gastrin.
Your patient has inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the stomach. This is known clinically as
gastritis.
The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the
gingiva.
A patient is observed to have inflamed and bleeding gums. This condition is called:
gjngjvits
Products of fat digestion are transported initially by
lacteals
Bile salts assist in the digestion of fats by:
making fat globules fragmented (emulsified) so they can more readily be digested by lipase
The ________ is a double sheet of peritoneal membrane that suspends the visceral organs and carries nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.
mesentery
Which of these structures function to prevent the small intestines from becoming twisted?
mesentery
Which types of digestion products are absorbed into blood-containing capillaries of the small intestines?
monosaccharides and amino acids
The gastroileal reflex
moves some chyme to the colon.
The layer of the gastrointestinal tract in direct contact with food or chyme is the:
mucosa
A viral infection that often involves the parotid glands, which swell noticeably, is
mumps.
The hormone secretin stimulates the:
pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice
The ________ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar.
parotid
Gastrointestinal movement whereby food is propelled along the gut is referred to as:
peristalsis
Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called
peristalsis
The uvula is located at the
posterior margin of the soft palate.
The enzyme pepsin digests
proteins.
The ________ of the liver lies between the left lobe and the gallbladder.
quadrate lobe
Which of the following is a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein
round ligament
The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called
rugae
Gastrin:
secretion may be increased by the distension of the stomach due to the presence of food
The sheet of tissue which covers the outermost layer of the digestive tract and which functions to lessen friction in the abdominal cavity is the:
serosa (peritoneum)
Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the
submucosa.
Which of the following enzymes is correctly matched with their substrate?
sucrase/disaccharides
The bacteria in the large intestine function primarily to:
synthesize vitamins B and K
The pressure within the stomach would tend to force the contents of the stomach into the esophagus. However, this does not occur because of:
the gastroesophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)
Stimulation of the vagus nerve increases activity in the gastrointestinal tract.
true
Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins?
trypsin
A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the
uvula
Which of the following contribute the most to the neural control of the gastrointestinal tract?
vagus nerve and plexuses in the submucosa and muscularis
Which of the following apply to the small intestine?
villi on the mucosa increase the surface area for absorption
MATCH the following enzymes with their correct function. __1__ Pepsin __2__ Amylase __4__ Trypsin __3__ Lipase
1. an enzyme found in gastric juice involved in breaking down proteins 2. an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands 3. an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down fat 4. an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down proteins
The secondary dentition usually has how many teeth?
32
Movement of the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by:
A and C are correct -local, segmental contractions to churn food -waves of contraction to move food uni-directionally through the tract
The Kupffer cells of the liver
All of the answers are correct.
The activities of the digestive system are regulated by
All of the answers are correct.
The pancreas produces
All of the answers are correct.
The secretion of acid and enzymes by the gastric mucosa is controlled and regulated by
All of the answers are correct.
Tony is a chronic alcoholic with cirrhosis of the liver, a condition in which liver cells die and are replaced by connective tissue. Which of the following signs would you expect to observe in Tony?
All of the answers are correct.
Enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates are secreted by:
B and C only the salivary glands pancreas
Swallowing is controlled by gravity. Therefore one cannot swallow when standing on one's head.
False
Which of the following is true concerning pepsinogen?
It reacts with HCl to yield pepsin.
The ________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.
Molars
Which of the following is true concerning the cephalic phase of gastric activity?
The sight and smell of food trigger gastric secretions.
Gastrin is:
a hormone which stimulates secretion of HCl by the parietal cells
Which of the following are absorbed in the small intestines?
amino acids
The carbohydrate in a coke would most likely be digested by which of the following?
amylase
Pepsin
an enzyme found in gastric juice involved in breaking down proteins
Lipase
an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down fat
Trypsin
an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down proteins
Amylase
an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is termed
ascites.
the esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?
cardia
Pepsin:
catabolizes proteins
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term cholecystokinin (CCK)?
causes gall bladder to contract
Secretin and cholecystokinin are:
hormones secreted by the duodenum
Constipation is a condition:
involving increased water absorption from the large intestine
The large intestine:
is important in the absorption of water and some vitamins
The passage of food from the mouth to the stomach:
is initiated voluntarily but continues as a reflex
Pepsinogen:
is produced by the chief cells of the gastric mucosa
Which of the following is not true of bile?
it contains enzymes important in the digestion of fat
The middle segment of the small intestine is the
jejunum
The organ that functions primarily to absorb water and some vitamins is:
large intestine
Which organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?
large intestine
Fats are digested by:
lipase secreted by the pancreas
Bile is produced in the:
liver
The basic functional unit of the liver is the
lobule.
Gastrin secretion in response to elevated luminal pH is an example of ________ stimulation
local
The taeniae coli are
longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the outer surface of the colon.
The event which increases the secretion of serous (watery) saliva is:
signals from the parasympathetic nervous system
The absorption of fatty acids occurs via:
specialized lymph structures called lacteals in the duodenum
Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the
stomach
The gallbladder:
stores bile
The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.
stratified squamous
Stimulation of secretions from the pancreas may be caused by:
the presence of acid in the small intestine
Which of the following will stimulate the secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach?
the secretion gastrin
A function of the stomach is:
the storage of food
At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the
transverse colon.