bio 122 unit quiz 7

Defecation is initiated by:

***A and B*** A. stretching of the rectum B. a parasympathetic reflex

The functions of the large intestine include:

absorption of water

The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as

absorption.

During swallowing:

all of the above

Gastric secretion is regulated by:

all of the above

The large intestine:

all of the above contains a normal flora of bacteria has epiploic appendages on its surface has haustra and teniae coli

In response to the arrival of acid chyme in the duodenum, the

blood levels of secretin rise.

The roof of the oral cavity is formed by

both the hard palate and the soft palate.

Brush border enzymes secreted by the mucosa of the small intestine function to:

complete chemical digestion

The muscularis layer of the gastrointestinal tract is:

contains both circular and longitudinal smooth muscle fibers

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach:

converts pepsinogen into active pepsin

Most of the digestion of food occurs in the:

duodenum and jejunum

The order of the of the small intestine segments, from proximal to distal, is

duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

The crown of a tooth is covered by

enamel

Which of the following is not a direct function of the digestive tract?

energy production

The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is the

falciform ligament

About one-third of the food reaching the stomach is digested and absorbed into the blood before leaving the stomach.

false

All movements of the gastrointestinal tract are initiated by nerve impulses originating in the spinal cord or higher brain centers

false

Eliminating waste products is the most important function of the gastrointestinal tract

false

Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of

fats

Which of the following molecules are absorbed in the small intestine?

fatty acids, monosaccharides, and amino acids

G cells of the stomach secrete

gastrin.

Your patient has inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the stomach. This is known clinically as

gastritis.

The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the

gingiva.

A patient is observed to have inflamed and bleeding gums. This condition is called:

gjngjvits

Products of fat digestion are transported initially by

lacteals

Bile salts assist in the digestion of fats by:

making fat globules fragmented (emulsified) so they can more readily be digested by lipase

The ________ is a double sheet of peritoneal membrane that suspends the visceral organs and carries nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.

mesentery

Which of these structures function to prevent the small intestines from becoming twisted?

mesentery

Which types of digestion products are absorbed into blood-containing capillaries of the small intestines?

monosaccharides and amino acids

The gastroileal reflex

moves some chyme to the colon.

The layer of the gastrointestinal tract in direct contact with food or chyme is the:

mucosa

A viral infection that often involves the parotid glands, which swell noticeably, is

mumps.

The hormone secretin stimulates the:

pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice

The ________ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar.

parotid

Gastrointestinal movement whereby food is propelled along the gut is referred to as:

peristalsis

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

peristalsis

The uvula is located at the

posterior margin of the soft palate.

The enzyme pepsin digests

proteins.

The ________ of the liver lies between the left lobe and the gallbladder.

quadrate lobe

Which of the following is a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein

round ligament

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

rugae

Gastrin:

secretion may be increased by the distension of the stomach due to the presence of food

The sheet of tissue which covers the outermost layer of the digestive tract and which functions to lessen friction in the abdominal cavity is the:

serosa (peritoneum)

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

submucosa.

Which of the following enzymes is correctly matched with their substrate?

sucrase/disaccharides

The bacteria in the large intestine function primarily to:

synthesize vitamins B and K

The pressure within the stomach would tend to force the contents of the stomach into the esophagus. However, this does not occur because of:

the gastroesophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

Stimulation of the vagus nerve increases activity in the gastrointestinal tract.

true

Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins?

trypsin

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the

uvula

Which of the following contribute the most to the neural control of the gastrointestinal tract?

vagus nerve and plexuses in the submucosa and muscularis

Which of the following apply to the small intestine?

villi on the mucosa increase the surface area for absorption

MATCH the following enzymes with their correct function. __1__ Pepsin __2__ Amylase __4__ Trypsin __3__ Lipase

1. an enzyme found in gastric juice involved in breaking down proteins 2. an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands 3. an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down fat 4. an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down proteins

The secondary dentition usually has how many teeth?

32

Movement of the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by:

A and C are correct -local, segmental contractions to churn food -waves of contraction to move food uni-directionally through the tract

The Kupffer cells of the liver

All of the answers are correct.

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by

All of the answers are correct.

The pancreas produces

All of the answers are correct.

The secretion of acid and enzymes by the gastric mucosa is controlled and regulated by

All of the answers are correct.

Tony is a chronic alcoholic with cirrhosis of the liver, a condition in which liver cells die and are replaced by connective tissue. Which of the following signs would you expect to observe in Tony?

All of the answers are correct.

Enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates are secreted by:

B and C only the salivary glands pancreas

Swallowing is controlled by gravity. Therefore one cannot swallow when standing on one's head.

False

Which of the following is true concerning pepsinogen?

It reacts with HCl to yield pepsin.

The ________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

Molars

Which of the following is true concerning the cephalic phase of gastric activity?

The sight and smell of food trigger gastric secretions.

Gastrin is:

a hormone which stimulates secretion of HCl by the parietal cells

Which of the following are absorbed in the small intestines?

amino acids

The carbohydrate in a coke would most likely be digested by which of the following?

amylase

Pepsin

an enzyme found in gastric juice involved in breaking down proteins

Lipase

an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down fat

Trypsin

an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down proteins

Amylase

an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is termed

ascites.

the esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?

cardia

Pepsin:

catabolizes proteins

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term cholecystokinin (CCK)?

causes gall bladder to contract

Secretin and cholecystokinin are:

hormones secreted by the duodenum

Constipation is a condition:

involving increased water absorption from the large intestine

The large intestine:

is important in the absorption of water and some vitamins

The passage of food from the mouth to the stomach:

is initiated voluntarily but continues as a reflex

Pepsinogen:

is produced by the chief cells of the gastric mucosa

Which of the following is not true of bile?

it contains enzymes important in the digestion of fat

The middle segment of the small intestine is the

jejunum

The organ that functions primarily to absorb water and some vitamins is:

large intestine

Which organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

large intestine

Fats are digested by:

lipase secreted by the pancreas

Bile is produced in the:

liver

The basic functional unit of the liver is the

lobule.

Gastrin secretion in response to elevated luminal pH is an example of ________ stimulation

local

The taeniae coli are

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the outer surface of the colon.

The event which increases the secretion of serous (watery) saliva is:

signals from the parasympathetic nervous system

The absorption of fatty acids occurs via:

specialized lymph structures called lacteals in the duodenum

Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the

stomach

The gallbladder:

stores bile

The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.

stratified squamous

Stimulation of secretions from the pancreas may be caused by:

the presence of acid in the small intestine

Which of the following will stimulate the secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach?

the secretion gastrin

A function of the stomach is:

the storage of food

At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the

transverse colon.