BIO 150- Test 3
What are the three basic types of joints?
-Fibrous -Cartilaginous -Synovial
Which type of joint is the most typical of the joints of the appendicular skeleton? -Cartilaginous -Synarthrosis -Synovial -Fibrous
-Synovial
Which of the following is an example of a ball & socket joint? a. glenohumeral joint b. tibiofemoral joint c. talocrural joint d. metatarsalphalngeal joint
a. glenohumeral joint
Which of the following represent the diarthroidial joints with the least mobility? a. intercarpal joints of the wrist b. talocrural joint c. CMC joint d. pubic symphysis
a. intercarpal joints of the wrist
Synovitis is an inflammation of the synovial lining. Which of the following joints would not be affected by this condition? a. pubic symphysis b. glenohumeral joint c. intercarpal joint d. sacroiliac joint e. all of the above could be affected.
a. pubic symphysis
What is the correct term or name for the following term: cartilaginous joint
amphiarthrodial
The joint structure which covers the ends of opposing bones and provides a smooth articulating surface in all synovial joints is termed ________. a. aponeurosis b. hyaline cartilage c. fibrocartilage d. joint capsule
b. hyaline cartilage
The tissue that anchors bones together, often reinforces the joint capsule, and provides for joint stability is called the ____? a. bursa b. ligament c. tendon d. synovial lining
b. ligament
Which joint below is not responsible for motions of the hand? a. proximal interphalangeal joint b. metatarsalphalangeal joint c. carpometacarpal joint d. all of the above are responsible for motions of the hand.
b. metatarsalphalangeal joint
Which motion or motions occur(s) at the atlanto-axial joint? a. flexion and extension b. rotation c. circumduction d. lateral flexion
b. rotation
What are the types of fibrous joints?
-synarthrosis -syndesmosis -gomphosis
What are the characteristics of a cartilaginous joint?
1. Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between the two bones 2. Allow a small amount of motion bending, twisting, compression 3. Provide a great deal of stability
What are the characteristics of a synovial joint?
1. No direct union between the bone ends 2. Allows free motion 3. Components >Cavity filled with synovial fluid >Sleeve-like capsule >Outer layer strong fibrous tissue >Inner layer synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid 4. Articular surface smooth covered with hyaline or articular cartilage
What are the different types of synovial joints?
1. nonaxial 2. Uniaxial 3. Biaxial 4. Triaxial
What are some examples of fibrocartilage?
1.Medial & lateral menici in the knee 2. TMJ articular disc 3. Glenoid and acetabular labrum
Rank the three basic types of joints from most to least amount of movement permitted.
1.Synovial 2.Cartilaginous 3.Fibrous
What are the characteristics of a fibrous joint?
1.Very stable with little to no motion 2.Bony ends have a thin layer of periosteum between the two bones
What are the functions of a joint?
Allow motion, bear weight, provide stability
What is another name for a cartilaginous joint?
Amphiarthrodial
What is another name for a synovial joint?
Diarthrodial
What is another name for a synovial joint?
Diarthrodial joint
Give an example of a syndesmosis joint.
Distal tibiofibula joint
1. Large, broad, flat tendinous sheet 2. Found where muscles span several bones or joints 3. Powerful muscles usually attach via an _____________. 4. Examples: proximal attachment of latissimus dorsi, linea alba for midline abdominal muscles attachment.
Aponeurosis
Flat, thin, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to another part
Aponeurosis
Which is an nonaxial joint? A. Hip and shoulder joints B. Elbow and knee joints C. Intercarpal and intertarsal joints D. Metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints
C. Intercarpal and intertarsal joints
The least mobile type of joint is called __________? a. diarthrodial b. non-axial synovial c. synarthrodial d. amphiarthrodial
C. synarthrodial
ligaments which surround a joint and connect to outer parts of a joint capsule in order to provide reinforcement.
Capsular ligaments
1. Made up of connective tissue that surrounds the bone ends within the joint. 2. Serves to keep joint ends smooth and freely moving 3. Two Types
Cartilage (hyaline and fibrocartilage)
What is the example of a biaxial joint? A. Hip and shoulder joints B. Elbow and knee joints C. Intercarpal and intertarsal joints D. Metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints
D. Metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints
Sheath of connective tissue that surrounds a muscle
Fascia
connective tissue which covers and connects all parts of the musculoskeletal system.
Fascia
serves as a shock absorber, deepens a joint, increase surface for articulation, and act to decrease friction between the ends of the bone.
Fibrocartilage
"bolting together," tooth and dental socket
Gomphosis
Bolted together
Gomphosis
Uniaxial joint=
Hinge or pivot
What are some examples of a synovial joint?
Hip, knee, elbow, shoulder
What are the two types of cartilage?
Hyaline (articular) & fibrocartilage (meniscoid cartilage)
MTP
balls of the foot
If overuse occurs or surrounding muscles/tendons become tight, the bursa may become inflamed and swell causing pain
bursitis
This joint allows the movements of flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation, and circumduction. The joint is the ______ and is a ______type joint. a. tibiofemoral, uniaxial synovial b. pubic symphysis, amphiarthrodial c. iliofemoral, triaxial synovial d. patella femoral, nonaxial synovial
c. iliofemoral, triaxial synovial
The medical name of the big knuckle joints of the hand is called the ________. a. metatarsalphalangeal joints b. distal interphalangeal joints c. metacarpalphalangeal joints d. carpometacarpal joints
c. metacarpalphalangeal joints
Which structure attaches a muscle to a bone and allows for movement to occur? a. ligament b. bursa c. tendon d. synovial lining
c. tendon
The acromioclavicular joint allows all of the following motions except: a.protraction b.elevation c.lateral glide d. retraction
c.lateral glide
Which of the following joints is not an example of a uniaxial hinge joint? a. tibiofemoral b. humero-ulno-radial c. PIP joints of fingers d. MCP joints
d. MCP joints
This fluid filled sac is usually located between tendons and bones and prevents friction and wear and tear of tendons. It is a _____. a. synovial lining b. hyaline cartilage c. fibrocartilage d. bursa
d. bursa
Which of the following joints does not allow movement in 3 planes of motion? a.Temporomandibular joint b. cervical facets & discs c. iliofemoral joint d. radiocarpal joint
d. radiocarpal joint
What is the correct term or name for the following term: synovial joint
diarthrodial joint
TMJ
Jaw
is a connection between 2 bones
Joint
1. Very thick, touch sleeve of fibrous tissue connecting the distal ends of the bones. 2. Functions to keep bone ends approximated and in alignment 3. Encases synovial membrane and helps contain synovial fluid.
Joint capsule
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds a joint
Joint capsule
1. Dense, tough connective tissue bands that provide stability to a joint 2. Provide a place for attachment of cartilage, fascia, or muscles. 3. Flexible but not elastic.
Ligament
Strong, fibrous connective tissue band that attaches bone to bone
Ligament
Nonaxial joint=
gliding
What is the correct term or name for the following term: synovial joint allowing motion in only one plane; the elbow and the knee
hinge joint
Iliofemoral
hip
PIP
middle knuckles
What is the correct term or name for the following term: synovial joint allowing gliding motions; the wrist and ankle intercarpal joints
nonaxial joint
Costovertebral
posterior rib joints
What is the correct term or name for the following term: fibrous joint
syarthrodial
fibrous sleeves and lubricated by fluid.
tendon sheaths
Ligaments and/or interosseous membranes hold joint together. Small amounts of movement can occur. Example - distal tibia/fibula joint at the ankle
Syndesmosis
Ligaments join the bones
Syndesmosis
Which of the three basic types of joints provides for Mobility?
Synovial
1. Thick, clear fluid, consistency of egg white found within a synovial joint 2. Lubricates joint and limits friction to keep joints moving freely 3. Provides nutrition for articular cartilage 4. Provides some shock absorption to protect bone ends.
Synovial fluid
Fluid secreted from inside the lining of the joint capsule that lubricates the joint
Synovial fluid
1. Thick inner layer of joint capsule 2. Highly vasularized 3. Secretes synovial fluid
Synovial membrane
The inside lining of the joint capsule
Synovial membrane
1. Dense, white fibrous band of connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone. 2. Non contractile but, along with the muscle, make up part of the contractile unit. 3. When they are subject to pressure and/or friction, they may be surrounded by ___________ sheaths - fibrous sleeves and lubricated by fluid.
Tendon
Strong cord of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to another part
Tendon
What are the degrees of freedom for the following joint: Shoulder
three
What are the degree of freedom for the following joint: Hip
Three
What are some examples of bursa?
*Psoas *Pectineal *Trochanteric *Prepatellar *Suprapatellar *Infrapatellar *Popliteal *Medial & lateral Malleolar *Achilles *Subacromial (Subdeltoid) * Olecranon
What are some examples of a cartilaginous joint?
*Symphysis pubis and intervertrabral disc joints - fibrocartilage between *First sternocostal joint - hyaline cartilage between
Suture Joint, ends of bone interlock. Provides shape and stability to joint. Example - sutures of the skull
Synarthrosis
What is another name for a fibrous joint?
Synarthrodial
Fibrous periosteum between bones
Synarthrosis
What is the example of a triaxial joint? A. Hip and shoulder joints B. Elbow and knee joints C. Intercarpal and intertarsal joints D. Metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints
A. Hip and shoulder joints
cartilage has poor blood supply and does not heal well when injured.
Articular
Smooth covering of bone ends
Articular cartilage
What is an example of an uniaxial joint? A. Hip and shoulder joints B. Elbow and knee joints C. Intercarpal and intertarsal joints D. Metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints
B. Elbow and knee joints
Triaxial joint=
Ball and Socket
*connected by fluid-filled sacs and allow for more motion *movement occurs in 2 planes (i.e. flexion/extension and abduction/adduction.) *Condyloid or saddle shaped *Examples: metacarpalphalangeal joints of the hand, carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
Biaxial joint
1. Lever part of the joint 2. Muscles attach here via tendons in order to produce movement 3. Shape of _________ ends determines direction and amount of joint motion
Bones
1. Pad like sac filled with synovial fluid 2. Situated between a tendon and a bone or joint capsule where friction is likely to occur. 3. Decreases friction and wear and tear on the tendon
Bursa
Enclosed cavity filled with fluid that prevents friction on moving parts
Bursa
*bone ends somewhat flat *only sliding or gliding motions occur *least mobile type of diarthrodial joint *Examples - intercarpal joints of wrist, intertarsal joints of ankle
Nonaxial Joint
What are the degree of freedom for the following joint: Ankle
One
What are the degree of freedom for the following joint: Knee
One
What are the degrees of freedom for the following joint: Elbow
One
Give an example of a synarthrosis joint.
Sutures of the skull
Give an example of a gomphosis joint.
Tooth and wall of its dental socket
*most mobile joint, motion occurs in 3 planes *allows for flexion/extension; abduction/ adduction; circumduction *Examples include hip and shoulder (ball & socket) and the TMJ (motions of opening/closing, protraction/retraction, and (R) and (L) sidegliding.
Triaxial joint
What are the degrees of freedom for the following joint: Wrist
Two
*bone ends shaped to allow motion in ONE plane *Examples: interphalangeal joints of the hand and feet; elbow tibiofemoral (knee) - a modified hinge; allows flexion and extension along with accessory rotation.
Uniaxial joint