BIO 150- Test 3

What are the three basic types of joints?

-Fibrous -Cartilaginous -Synovial

Which type of joint is the most typical of the joints of the appendicular skeleton? -Cartilaginous -Synarthrosis -Synovial -Fibrous

-Synovial

Which of the following is an example of a ball & socket joint? a. glenohumeral joint b. tibiofemoral joint c. talocrural joint d. metatarsalphalngeal joint

a. glenohumeral joint

Which of the following represent the diarthroidial joints with the least mobility? a. intercarpal joints of the wrist b. talocrural joint c. CMC joint d. pubic symphysis

a. intercarpal joints of the wrist

Synovitis is an inflammation of the synovial lining. Which of the following joints would not be affected by this condition? a. pubic symphysis b. glenohumeral joint c. intercarpal joint d. sacroiliac joint e. all of the above could be affected.

a. pubic symphysis

What is the correct term or name for the following term: cartilaginous joint

amphiarthrodial

The joint structure which covers the ends of opposing bones and provides a smooth articulating surface in all synovial joints is termed ________. a. aponeurosis b. hyaline cartilage c. fibrocartilage d. joint capsule

b. hyaline cartilage

The tissue that anchors bones together, often reinforces the joint capsule, and provides for joint stability is called the ____? a. bursa b. ligament c. tendon d. synovial lining

b. ligament

Which joint below is not responsible for motions of the hand? a. proximal interphalangeal joint b. metatarsalphalangeal joint c. carpometacarpal joint d. all of the above are responsible for motions of the hand.

b. metatarsalphalangeal joint

Which motion or motions occur(s) at the atlanto-axial joint? a. flexion and extension b. rotation c. circumduction d. lateral flexion

b. rotation

What are the types of fibrous joints?

-synarthrosis -syndesmosis -gomphosis

What are the characteristics of a cartilaginous joint?

1. Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between the two bones 2. Allow a small amount of motion bending, twisting, compression 3. Provide a great deal of stability

What are the characteristics of a synovial joint?

1. No direct union between the bone ends 2. Allows free motion 3. Components >Cavity filled with synovial fluid >Sleeve-like capsule >Outer layer strong fibrous tissue >Inner layer synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid 4. Articular surface smooth covered with hyaline or articular cartilage

What are the different types of synovial joints?

1. nonaxial 2. Uniaxial 3. Biaxial 4. Triaxial

What are some examples of fibrocartilage?

1.Medial & lateral menici in the knee 2. TMJ articular disc 3. Glenoid and acetabular labrum

Rank the three basic types of joints from most to least amount of movement permitted.

1.Synovial 2.Cartilaginous 3.Fibrous

What are the characteristics of a fibrous joint?

1.Very stable with little to no motion 2.Bony ends have a thin layer of periosteum between the two bones

What are the functions of a joint?

Allow motion, bear weight, provide stability

What is another name for a cartilaginous joint?

Amphiarthrodial

What is another name for a synovial joint?

Diarthrodial

What is another name for a synovial joint?

Diarthrodial joint

Give an example of a syndesmosis joint.

Distal tibiofibula joint

1. Large, broad, flat tendinous sheet 2. Found where muscles span several bones or joints 3. Powerful muscles usually attach via an _____________. 4. Examples: proximal attachment of latissimus dorsi, linea alba for midline abdominal muscles attachment.

Aponeurosis

Flat, thin, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to another part

Aponeurosis

Which is an nonaxial joint? A. Hip and shoulder joints B. Elbow and knee joints C. Intercarpal and intertarsal joints D. Metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints

C. Intercarpal and intertarsal joints

The least mobile type of joint is called __________? a. diarthrodial b. non-axial synovial c. synarthrodial d. amphiarthrodial

C. synarthrodial

ligaments which surround a joint and connect to outer parts of a joint capsule in order to provide reinforcement.

Capsular ligaments

1. Made up of connective tissue that surrounds the bone ends within the joint. 2. Serves to keep joint ends smooth and freely moving 3. Two Types

Cartilage (hyaline and fibrocartilage)

What is the example of a biaxial joint? A. Hip and shoulder joints B. Elbow and knee joints C. Intercarpal and intertarsal joints D. Metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints

D. Metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints

Sheath of connective tissue that surrounds a muscle

Fascia

connective tissue which covers and connects all parts of the musculoskeletal system.

Fascia

serves as a shock absorber, deepens a joint, increase surface for articulation, and act to decrease friction between the ends of the bone.

Fibrocartilage

"bolting together," tooth and dental socket

Gomphosis

Bolted together

Gomphosis

Uniaxial joint=

Hinge or pivot

What are some examples of a synovial joint?

Hip, knee, elbow, shoulder

What are the two types of cartilage?

Hyaline (articular) & fibrocartilage (meniscoid cartilage)

MTP

balls of the foot

If overuse occurs or surrounding muscles/tendons become tight, the bursa may become inflamed and swell causing pain

bursitis

This joint allows the movements of flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation, and circumduction. The joint is the ______ and is a ______type joint. a. tibiofemoral, uniaxial synovial b. pubic symphysis, amphiarthrodial c. iliofemoral, triaxial synovial d. patella femoral, nonaxial synovial

c. iliofemoral, triaxial synovial

The medical name of the big knuckle joints of the hand is called the ________. a. metatarsalphalangeal joints b. distal interphalangeal joints c. metacarpalphalangeal joints d. carpometacarpal joints

c. metacarpalphalangeal joints

Which structure attaches a muscle to a bone and allows for movement to occur? a. ligament b. bursa c. tendon d. synovial lining

c. tendon

The acromioclavicular joint allows all of the following motions except: a.protraction b.elevation c.lateral glide d. retraction

c.lateral glide

Which of the following joints is not an example of a uniaxial hinge joint? a. tibiofemoral b. humero-ulno-radial c. PIP joints of fingers d. MCP joints

d. MCP joints

This fluid filled sac is usually located between tendons and bones and prevents friction and wear and tear of tendons. It is a _____. a. synovial lining b. hyaline cartilage c. fibrocartilage d. bursa

d. bursa

Which of the following joints does not allow movement in 3 planes of motion? a.Temporomandibular joint b. cervical facets & discs c. iliofemoral joint d. radiocarpal joint

d. radiocarpal joint

What is the correct term or name for the following term: synovial joint

diarthrodial joint

TMJ

Jaw

is a connection between 2 bones

Joint

1. Very thick, touch sleeve of fibrous tissue connecting the distal ends of the bones. 2. Functions to keep bone ends approximated and in alignment 3. Encases synovial membrane and helps contain synovial fluid.

Joint capsule

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds a joint

Joint capsule

1. Dense, tough connective tissue bands that provide stability to a joint 2. Provide a place for attachment of cartilage, fascia, or muscles. 3. Flexible but not elastic.

Ligament

Strong, fibrous connective tissue band that attaches bone to bone

Ligament

Nonaxial joint=

gliding

What is the correct term or name for the following term: synovial joint allowing motion in only one plane; the elbow and the knee

hinge joint

Iliofemoral

hip

PIP

middle knuckles

What is the correct term or name for the following term: synovial joint allowing gliding motions; the wrist and ankle intercarpal joints

nonaxial joint

Costovertebral

posterior rib joints

What is the correct term or name for the following term: fibrous joint

syarthrodial

fibrous sleeves and lubricated by fluid.

tendon sheaths

Ligaments and/or interosseous membranes hold joint together. Small amounts of movement can occur. Example - distal tibia/fibula joint at the ankle

Syndesmosis

Ligaments join the bones

Syndesmosis

Which of the three basic types of joints provides for Mobility?

Synovial

1. Thick, clear fluid, consistency of egg white found within a synovial joint 2. Lubricates joint and limits friction to keep joints moving freely 3. Provides nutrition for articular cartilage 4. Provides some shock absorption to protect bone ends.

Synovial fluid

Fluid secreted from inside the lining of the joint capsule that lubricates the joint

Synovial fluid

1. Thick inner layer of joint capsule 2. Highly vasularized 3. Secretes synovial fluid

Synovial membrane

The inside lining of the joint capsule

Synovial membrane

1. Dense, white fibrous band of connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone. 2. Non contractile but, along with the muscle, make up part of the contractile unit. 3. When they are subject to pressure and/or friction, they may be surrounded by ___________ sheaths - fibrous sleeves and lubricated by fluid.

Tendon

Strong cord of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to another part

Tendon

What are the degrees of freedom for the following joint: Shoulder

three

What are the degree of freedom for the following joint: Hip

Three

What are some examples of bursa?

*Psoas *Pectineal *Trochanteric *Prepatellar *Suprapatellar *Infrapatellar *Popliteal *Medial & lateral Malleolar *Achilles *Subacromial (Subdeltoid) * Olecranon

What are some examples of a cartilaginous joint?

*Symphysis pubis and intervertrabral disc joints - fibrocartilage between *First sternocostal joint - hyaline cartilage between

Suture Joint, ends of bone interlock. Provides shape and stability to joint. Example - sutures of the skull

Synarthrosis

What is another name for a fibrous joint?

Synarthrodial

Fibrous periosteum between bones

Synarthrosis

What is the example of a triaxial joint? A. Hip and shoulder joints B. Elbow and knee joints C. Intercarpal and intertarsal joints D. Metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints

A. Hip and shoulder joints

cartilage has poor blood supply and does not heal well when injured.

Articular

Smooth covering of bone ends

Articular cartilage

What is an example of an uniaxial joint? A. Hip and shoulder joints B. Elbow and knee joints C. Intercarpal and intertarsal joints D. Metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints

B. Elbow and knee joints

Triaxial joint=

Ball and Socket

*connected by fluid-filled sacs and allow for more motion *movement occurs in 2 planes (i.e. flexion/extension and abduction/adduction.) *Condyloid or saddle shaped *Examples: metacarpalphalangeal joints of the hand, carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.

Biaxial joint

1. Lever part of the joint 2. Muscles attach here via tendons in order to produce movement 3. Shape of _________ ends determines direction and amount of joint motion

Bones

1. Pad like sac filled with synovial fluid 2. Situated between a tendon and a bone or joint capsule where friction is likely to occur. 3. Decreases friction and wear and tear on the tendon

Bursa

Enclosed cavity filled with fluid that prevents friction on moving parts

Bursa

*bone ends somewhat flat *only sliding or gliding motions occur *least mobile type of diarthrodial joint *Examples - intercarpal joints of wrist, intertarsal joints of ankle

Nonaxial Joint

What are the degree of freedom for the following joint: Ankle

One

What are the degree of freedom for the following joint: Knee

One

What are the degrees of freedom for the following joint: Elbow

One

Give an example of a synarthrosis joint.

Sutures of the skull

Give an example of a gomphosis joint.

Tooth and wall of its dental socket

*most mobile joint, motion occurs in 3 planes *allows for flexion/extension; abduction/ adduction; circumduction *Examples include hip and shoulder (ball & socket) and the TMJ (motions of opening/closing, protraction/retraction, and (R) and (L) sidegliding.

Triaxial joint

What are the degrees of freedom for the following joint: Wrist

Two

*bone ends shaped to allow motion in ONE plane *Examples: interphalangeal joints of the hand and feet; elbow tibiofemoral (knee) - a modified hinge; allows flexion and extension along with accessory rotation.

Uniaxial joint