Bio 168: CH 7-Bone Structure & Function

Hematoma

A blood clot within a bone fracture is called a ______________

Appositional Growth

A bones growth in diameter is called _______________ growth

Colles fracture

A fracture at the distal end of the radius is a ___________.

Interstitial Growth

A long bones growth in length is called __________ ____________

Stimulate bone growth by influencing the basal metabolic rate of bone cells.

A major role of thyroid hormone in bone remodeling is to ______________

Articular cartilage

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called _____________

Epiphyseal Line

A thin line of compact bone in the epiphysis of a mature bone is called the _____________ _____________

achondropiasia

Abnormal conversion of hyaline cartilage to bone is called _______________

Epiphyseal Plate

Achondroplastic dwarfism is caused by the failure of cell division in the __________ __________

Organic compound

An osteoblast is an example of which type of component of bone?

Red Blood Cells

Anemia is a disease of low oxygen delivery to tissues, this is sometimes the result of a low number of ____________

Mineralization

Another name for the calcification of bone is _________________

Osseous

Another term for bone tissue is ____________ connective tissue

Irregular Bones

Based on shape, bones that have elaborate, complex shapes are classified as _________________

Long bone

Based on shape, the most common type of bone is_____________

Long

Bone A in the picture provided is classified as a _____________ bone.

intramembranous ossification

Bone growth within a membrane is called

Osteoclast

Bone resorption is a function of _____________

Levers

Bones of the skeleton function as a system of ____________ that are pulled when skeletal muscles contract.

Short bones

Bones of the wrist, and some bones of the foot are all examples of?

Flat Bones of the Skull Mandible Maxilla

Bones produced through intramembranous ossification 1. 2. 3.

Framework

Bones provide structural support for the body by serving as a ____________ for the entire body.

Hydroxyapatite Crystals

Calcium Phosphate and calcium hydroxide interact to form ________________ in the matrix of bone

lacunae

Chondrocytes occupy small spaces called _______________?

80%

Compact bone makes up _____________ of bone mass.

iliac crest

Donor bone marrow is most commonly harvested from the ___________

Compact, Spongy

Flat bones have surfaces composed of _____________ bone with internally placed _____________ bone.

Intramembranous ossification

Flat bones of the skull, Mandible, and Maxilla are bones produced through __________________ _____________________.

Skeletal Muscles

Groups of bones serves as attachment sites for ______________

Appositional Growth

Growth along the periphery of cartilage is called _____________ growth

Irregular Bones

Hip bone is an example of _____________ bone.

Lacunae

Identify the structure marked by the arrow................

Secondary

In Endochondral ossification, ______________ ossification centers form in the epiphyses.

Bony Callus

In bone fracture repair, a fibrocartilaginous callus is replaced with a ______________

In regions of mesenchyme

In intramembranous ossification, ossification centers first appear _________________

Red Bone Marrow

Is responsible for the production of blood cells

Interstitial Lamellae

Leftover parts of osteon that have been partially resorbed are called ____________ lamellae

Central Canal

Letter "A" represent the _____________ canal of the osteon.

Woven bone and Periosteum

Letter A Represents the formation of

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Ligaments and tendons are made of ________________

bone

Mineral storage, hemopoiesis, protection & support are all functions of the _________________.

Depressed Fracture

Name the Fracture type: Broken part of the bone forms a concavity.

displaced fracture

Name the Fracture type: bone ends are out of anatomic alignment

impacted fracture

Name the Fracture type: broken bone ends are forced into each other

epiphyseal fracture

Name the Fracture type: epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate

Compact Bone

Name the bone labeled "A"

Endosteum

Name the structure labeled "A"

2, 1, 3, 4

Order the stages of fracture repair 1. Fibrocartilaginous Callus 2. Fracture Hematoma 3. Bone is Remodeled 4. Bony Callus

Endosteum & Periosteum

Ossteoprogenitor cells are located in the __________ & ______________

Paget Disease

Osteitis deformans is also called _____________ disease.

circumferential lamellae

Rings of bone directly internal to the periosteum of a bone is called ______________?

Flat bones

Shoulder blade bones, bones of the roof of the skull, and the breastbone (sternum) are all examples of ______________ bones.

Cancellous Bone

Spongy bone is also called _____________ bone.

Osteocyte

The Cell labeled "A" is an ____________

Costal

The arrow indicated _____________ cartilage

Periosteum

The bone part labeled "B" in the figure is the _______________.

Endochondrial

The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through _____________ ossification.

bone remodeling

The continual deposition of new bone tissue and the removal of old bones tissue is called _________________.

Diaphysis

The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone

proximal

The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the _____________ epiphysis.

Central Canals

The following statements characterize ______________ ______________ of the osteons. 1. They contain blood vessels. 2. They are a cylindrical Channel. 3. They contain nerves.

Osteocytes

The following statements characterize ________________. 1. They maintain bone matrix 2. They reside in Lacunae

Osteoclasts

The following statements characterize _________________. They have ruffled borders, they are phagocytic.

Cartilage

The following statements characterize the functions of ______________. 1. It covers the ends of long bones. 2. It provides a model for the formation of bones.

Ossification

The formation and development of bone is ______________.

Phosphate

The mineral called _____________, stored within bone, is a component of ATP and phospholipids.

Resistance of stretching

The organic components of bone provided..................?

Hemopoiesis

The process of blood cell production is called

Primary ossification

The region in the diaphysis of a long bone where bone replaces cartilage through endochondral ossification is called the ____________ ossification center, it is the first major center of bone formation.

Metaphysis

The region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis is the _________________.

Parathyroid

The release of _____________ hormone increases blood calcium levels.

The Sternum

The second most common site to harvest bone marrow is the ___________

Endochondrial

The type of ossification that begins with a hyaline cartilage model is ______________ ossification.

medullary cavity

They cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ____________ ______________

Perichondrium

This picture illustrates apositional growth of cartilage. What does letter A represent?

Interstitial Growth

This picture represents ___________ growth of cartilage.

True

True or False: Bone growth begins during the embryologic development.

False

True or False: Typically bones of athletes become noticeably thinner as a result of repetitive and stressful exercise.

True

True or False: The innervation of bone is mainly composed of sensory nerves that signal injuries to the skeleton.

Perforating Canal

What does "A" respresent in the bone structure?

Central Canal

What does "B" respresent in the bone structure?

Periosteum

What does "C" respresent in the bone structure?

Trabeculae

What does "D" respresent in the bone structure?

circumferential lamellae

What does "E" respresent in the bone structure?

Collagen Fibers

What is an organic component of bone?

Osteocytes

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called _____________.

Cartilage

When the ribs is attached to the sternum, this is a function of ______________

Estrogen and Testosterone

Which hormones promote epiphyseal growth and closure?

A

Which letter identifies a perforating canal in the figure provided?

Compact Bone

Which type of bone is shown in the micrograph?

Long

___________ bones include the bones of the palm, the bones of the toes, the bones of the finger, and the thigh bone.

Bone

___________ connective tissue contain osteoblasts and osteocytes?

osteoclasts and osteoblasts

____________ remove bone matrix and ___________ add to it.

Ligaments

________________ connect bone to bone.

Fractures

a crack or break in a bone is called

Simple fracture

an uncomplicated fracture in which the broken bones do not pierce the skin

Interstitial Growth

growth from within cartilage is called ______________ growth.

Canaliculi

little channels that connect lacunae to other lacunae in an osteon are called ________________?

Osteocytes

mature bone cells sitting in lacunae are called ___________