Bio 2 Final Study Guide
Which of these scientific names of species is correctly written?
Crotalus horridus (the timber rattlenake)
How did photosynthetic protists come to possess chloroplasts?
Endosymbiosis
Which type of protist is unicellular, liven in fresh water, is photosynthetic or heterotrophic, has a flagellum used for swimming, may have an eyespot, and was once thought to be the smallest animal?
Euglena
Why must amphibians stay tied to watery environments?
Amphibian skin is used for respiration and must remain moist
Why are vertebrates so much larger than arthropods?
An endoskeleton provides support without the weight of the exoskeleton.
Which of the following statements regarding symmetry is correct?
Animals with radial symmetry typically develop from two embryonic tissue layers.
How do arthropods grow while being contained in an exoskeleton, which is a rigid, heavy structure?
Arthropods molt, or shed, their exoskeleton and replace it with a bigger one.
What type of symmetry does the animal in the figure have? (Image of a sea star)
Bilateral symmetry as larvae, radial symmetry as adults
How are fungi and animals similar?
Both are heterotrophs
_______ are to plants as amphibians are to animals.
Bryophytes
Which of the following did the ancestors of modern plants possess?
Chlorophyll
What is one of the main differences between club moss and moss?
Club moss has vascular tissue.
Which of the following is NOT a plant adaptation for life on land?
Colonial living, which maximizes use of resources while expending less energy
Which of the following would be useless for determining whether a horse is more related to a pig or a human?
Comparison of analogous structures
Which of the following is an example of a healthy blood pressure reading?
Diastolic of 80 and systolic of 120
Which protists are photosynthetic or nonphotosynthetic, may form symbiotic relationships with corals, may be bioluminescent, may cause red tides during population explosions, and may cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in humans?
Dinoflagellates
What is a respiration challenge that monkeys face but fish don't?
Dry air makes it a challenge to keep respiratory structures moist
Which of the following is a reproductive adaptation of chytrids?
Flagellated swimming spores
Members of the same species of green sea turtle compete for sea jellies off the coast of Maui. The turtles are exhibiting
INTRAspecific competition
How is reproduction in fungi different from reproduction in plants and animals?
Fungi produce spores.
Which approach are scientists currently using to classify the protists?
Genetic analysis
How will a fever of 105°F affect metabolic reactions in a person's body?
Heat changes the catalysts' three-dimensional structure, which will shut down metabolic reactions
What are viruses made of?
Hereditary material and a protein coat
__________ are endotherms and __________ are ectotherms
Humans; fish
People who have been trapped in an avalanche or fallen through ice often lose their nose, fingers, and toes. Why does this happen?
In extreme cold, the blood is directed to the vital organs in the trunk of the body and around the brain
Why would an increase in erythropoietin be beneficial to an athlete?
It increases the production of red blood cells
Why is an open circulatory system less efficient than a closed circulatory system?
It is more difficult to extract nutrients and remove waste when they are in the same compartment
What is a potential consequence of attending loud rock concerts?
Loud sounds bend and damage hair cell
What major anatomical trait is shared by the organisms Plasmodium, slime molds, and amoebas?
Pseudopods
How do you know when your stomach is full?
Mechanoreceptors respond to being stretched and signal fullness
Among myriapods, what differentiates a millipede from a centipede?
Millipedes have more legs.
Why do you get "goose bumps" when you are cold and shiver?
Muscles surrounding skin hairs contract. This generates heat, making the hairs stand up on end, causing the bumpy appearance
What is NOT a major adaptation of angiosperms?
Needle-like leaves
Increased amounts of acid rain directly affect the saprophytes. How would the death of this group affect an entire ecosystem
Nutrients would not be recycled and made available to other organisms.
What is one of the main differences between seedless and seed plants?
Only seed plants produce pollen.
Which protists may live in a mutualistic relationship with a termite, aiding in food digestion, or may cause a sexually transmitted diseases such as trichomoniasis?
Parabasalid excavates
Why are phytoplankton significant to other organisms?
Phytoplankton are the largest group of primary producers, or autotrophs.
What is the difference between viroids and prions?
Prions consist of protein only
Without bacteria, other organisms would not be able to live on Earth. Which of the following is NOT a service that bacteria provide?
Produce water to replenish freshwater reservoirs
Why do prokaryotes evolve at a faster rate than humans do?
Prokaryotes reproduce at a faster rate
Which of the following is NOT one of the most common shapes of bacteria?
Rectangular
Which of the following functions that anchor ecosystems is NOT performed by plants?
Recycle energy from dead organisms
Which of the following adaptations protects hagfish from predators?
Secretions of large amounts of slime, allowing hagfish to slip through the grasp of predators
________ and ________ are reproductive adaptations that allowed successful habitation of plants on land.
Seeds; pollen
You touch a hot stove and quickly move your hand away. What is the order of the signaling pathway?
Sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, and effector
How do sharks differ from other fish such as salmon, tuna, or goldfish?
Sharks do not have a skeleton of bone
What important role do slime molds play in an ecosystem?
Slime molds are decomposers
How are sponges different from other animals?
Sponges do not have tissue-level organization
Plants alternate between diploid and haploid generations. What is the proper order of the plant life cycle?
Sporophyte, meiosis, haploid spore, haploid plant (gametophyte), gamete production, zygote, sporophyte
Elephantiasis results when interstitial fluids in tissues can't be returned to the circulatory system. What symptoms would this cause?
Swelling in the lower extremities
Why do you need to get a flu shot every year?
The DNA of the flu virus mutates and evolves every year, rendering last year's flu shot useless
Why is it beneficial to a Hydra to have a nerve net?
The Hydra can detect predators and prey from any direction surrounding it
What problem is associated with the use of the drug chloroquine to treat malaria?
The Plasmodium are developing a resistance to the drug
What would happen to a lichen if the cyanobacteria or green algae were to die?
The fungi would die.
What does homeostasis mean?
The maintenance of stable conditions in the body for optimal cell functioning
If an action potential is produced from an axon in the eye in response to low light, how does the brain know if the light is increased?
The number of action potentials per amount of time increases
Which of the following factors does NOT influence biotic potential?
The number of members in a population
In angiosperms, how does the sperm reach the egg?
The pollen forms a tube in the stigma, through which the sperm travels to meet the egg.
A beaver gnaws a complete ring of bark around the trunk of a tree. What will happen to the tree?
The roots will be unable to receive sugars from the leaves and will not be able to absorb water and minerals. The roots will die, as will the entire tree
Why is water needed for bryophyte reproduction?
The sperm must swim to the egg.
Why would a constant supply of glucose and oxygen be important to a cell?
Their presence allows the cell to enter metabolic reactions that generate the ATP required to fuel cell activities
How is the helpful E. coli that colonizes your digestive tract different for the pathogenic E. coli that kills about 60 Americans per year?
They are different genetically
What specialized adaptation do birds have that other animals do not?
They can remove oxygen from air during exhalation and inhalation
Elephants contribute to their ecosystems by helping plants grow in new areas. Why is it important that the plant seeds elephants eat be enclosed in hard coverings?
To allow the seeds to survive while passing through the elephant's digestive system
Why would it be beneficial for a parasitic flatworm to be hermaphroditic?
To be able to reproduce if no other flatworms are around with which to mate
Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
To filter the blood of toxins and excess vitamins and drugs
Why are roots covered in root hairs?
To increase surface area
Why is it advantageous for a parasite NOT to kill its host?
To live off the host for as long as possible
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation that enables evergreen trees to live in a cold, dry ecosystem?
To protect the embryos from the cold, they develop in the roots.
How do plants get water into their leaves?
Transpiration drives the movement of cohesive water molecules from the roots to the shoots.
Which of the following transport mechanisms in the blood is shared by both carbon dioxide and oxygen?
Transported on hemoglobin
After being bitten by a tsetse fly in Africa, you become infected with a unicellular flagellated parasite and develop sleeping sickness. You harbor _______
Trypanosoma
What mechanism helps promote the return of the blood to the heart through the veins?
Valves force the blood to move in one direction through the veins back toward the heart
Which describes the correct flow of blood returned to the heart by the vena cavas?
Vena cavas, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
Why are viral infections difficult to treat?
Viruses evolve quickly and develop resistance to antiviral drugs
What type of respiratory system do sponges have?
Water delivers gases directly to the sponge cells, eliminating the need for respiratory structures
What is NOT a characteristic of an angiosperm?
Water-borne sperm
You dislike the taste of broccoli. The only way you can eat it is to hold your nose. Why does this enable you to bypass its taste so you can eat it?
What we perceive as taste includes the sense of smell, which is cut off by holding your nose
____ are the most important and pervasive fungal contributions to the human food supply.
Yeasts
A week after drinking unpurified water from a stream while you were camping, you develop stomach cramps, nausea, and then diarrhea. The cause of this illness in probably _____________________
a diplomonad excavate
Which of the following is NOT a reptilian adaptation to life on land?
a four-chambered heart
A flatworm has no internal body cavity separating the gut and the body wall. The flatworm is a(n) ______.
acoelomate
Why are protists so difficult to classify?
all of the above
After drinking tap water in Mexico, you experience stomach cramps, nausea, and then diarrhea ("Moctezuma's revenge"). The cause of this illness is ________________
amoebas
This figure represents (Africa: a rapidly growing population, male vs female graph, red and blue triangular shape)
an expanding population
A structure that is made of more than one kind of tissue is
an organ
Some protists can undergo both sexual and asexual reproduction, but prokaryotes can undergo asexual reproduction only. What do these characteristics indicate?
asexual reproduction evolved before sexual reproduction
In general, which of the following does NOT describe an animal?
autotroph
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all chordates at some point in life?
backbone
If a population has great biotic potential, doubling in size every year, it will exhibit
both b and c (a J shaped curve and exponential growth)
Humans do NOT rely on plants for ______.
breaking down waste
How does molecular genetics help us to distinguish and evaluate the degree of evolutionary relatedness among species?
by allowing us to compare nucleotide sequences of DNA from the same chromosomal regions from different species
A person was in a car accident in which she hit her head hard on the dashboard. She is experiencing slurred speech, the inability to write, and the inability to concentrate when reading. Most likely, the _______________ part of her brain is injured
cerebral cortex
forget new experiences and information
combination of breathing and cellular respiration
In binary fission, an exact genetic copy of the parent bacterium is produced. Aside from mutation, how can bacterial resistance be passed from one bacterium to another?
conjugation
Anatomical features of species may not always be useful for determining species relationships because of _____________
convergent evolution
All vertebrates exhibit ________ development
deuterostome
What is the most inclusive o the major taxonomic categories?
domain
When you choke on water or a small food particle, what structure is operating too slowly?
epiglottis
In the following sequence what is missing from the hierarchy of maor taxonomic categories: (please list in order) species-__________-family- ___________-class
genus, order
Which animal has bilateral symmetry?
flatworm
Damage to the hippocampus of the brain will cause a person to
forget new experiences and information
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that is unique to mammals?
four-chambered heart
Which of the following is the most important reason to brush your teeth every day?
it eliminates harmful bacteria that form biofilms on your teeth
A late-loss survivorship curve is characteristic of which organism?
mountain sheep
If you wear glasses because you cannot see far, you are ______________ and your eye is too _______________or your cornea is too______________
nearsighted; long; round
What differentiates bacteria from archaea?
one has peptidoglycan in its cell walls; the other does not
Nociceptors are _________________
pain receptors
Bacteria that cause disease are called _________________
pathogens
Which of the following does NOT describe an archaean?
photosynthetic
Embryos form during the reproduction of ___________
plants and animals
Which kingdom comprises eukaryotic organisms that are typically unicellular?
protista
The vertebrate group does not include the ________.
sea squirts
Wood is made of
secondary xylem
Which of the following in NOT used by taxonomists (biologists who classify organisms) to distinguish one species from another?
similar features due to convergent evolution acting on distant related species
This animal is most closely related to (Image of a platypus)
spiny anteaters
The human nervous system is made of two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (P N S). The C N S includes ______ _____________ and the PNS includes__________________________________
the brain and spinal cord; neurons in ganglia adjacent to spinal cord and target organs
What is a domain?
the broadest taxonomic category of which there are three
Where would a single layer of ciliated, mucus-secreting epithelial cells be found?
trachea
Water molds (oomycetes) and fungi ___________
underwent convergent evolution
Which of the following is not a function of the shoot system?
water absorption
How will a population of butterfly fish respond to a decline in the anemone population on which they prey? The butterfly fish population
will decrease after awhile