BIO 201 SB Questions Chapter 1

Which is the smallest particle with a unique chemical identity?

Atom

In which of the following does a surgeon learn a procedure on animals before practicing on humans?

Comparative physiology.

Which is an example of a class of tissue?

Connective

Information that can be independently verified by any trained person is called which of the following?

Fact

A tissue is more complex than an organ.

False

The scientific method is based on an informed conjecture that is capable of being tested and potentially proven false by experimentation or data collection.

False

A single complete individual capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homeostasis is termed a living __________.

Organism

Which of the following describes a single complete individual?

Organism

Which of the following describes the integration center of a feedback mechanism?

Processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of what a response should be

What does the term dissection refer to?

The process of carefully separating tissues to reveal anatomical relationships.

Anatomy is the study of ______.

body structures

In the word cardiology, the root is ______.

cardi-

The smallest unit of an organism that carries out all the basic functions of life is called a(n)

cell

The study of individual cells is called ______.

cytology

A receptor is a structure that ______.

detects a change

Without the use of energy, matter tends to flow ______.

down gradients

Students are looking at major arteries and veins on the surface of the heart, which does not require a microscope. They are studying the ______ of the heart.

gross anatomy

The study of normal tissues, or groups of cells and their surrounding extracellular materials, is called..?

histology

Most exploratory surgery has been replaced with ______.

medical imaging techniques

Conclusions of the scientific method are _________.

open to correction open to refinement

di

two

endo

within; inside

Place the levels of structural hierarchy in the body in order of complexity, from the smallest/simplest at the top to the largest/most complex at the bottom.

1. Atom 2. Cell 3. Tissue 4. Organ 5. Organ System 6. Organism

Which part of a feedback mechanism processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of action?

Integrating center

Most medical terminology comes from the ________ and Greek languages.

Latin

Differences in sex, age, weight, diet, degree of physical activity, environment, among other things are important what?

Physiological variations

Which of the following is a process by which an educated guess is capable of being tested and may be proven false by experimentation?

Scientific Method

Changes in the environment, to which organisms respond, are called what?

Stimuli

Comparative Physiology

Study of how biological processes vary in different animal species

The name of a middle-ear bone is ______, while the name of a bony protuberance at the ankle is ______.

malleus; malleolus

The plural form of phalanx is ______.

phalanges

Neurophysiology

physiology of the nervous system

The name for a structure that is specialized to detect a stimulus is a(n)

receptor

What is the smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life?

Cell

What is the cell or organ that directly carries out a response to a stimulus called?

Effector

Which prefix means "above" or "on top"?

Epi-

Terms that identify the discoverer of a structure are called

Eponyms

What is the ability of nerve and muscle cells to produce quick reactions called?

Excitability

Foramen means hole and magnum means large. Which is correct anatomical terminology using these words?

Foramen magnum

Which branch of medicine examines tissues for disease?

Histopathology

Of the following, which one is testable, falsifiable, and consistent with what is already known?

Hypothesis

Which method of reasoning begins with a hypothesis or question and then tries to answer that question?

Hypothetico-deductive method

To be considered a scientific fact, information must be what?

Independently verified

What are the benefits of a large sample size?

It controls for individual variation. It enables us to place greater confidence in the outcome. It controls for chance events.

Which of the following are the criteria for a good hypothesis?

It is testable and falsifiable. It is consistent with what is already known.

Organelles are composed of..?

Molecules

The inductive method allows one to make conclusions based on what?

Observation.

What is an anatomical structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it called?

Organ

What is a group of organs with a unique collective function called?

Organ System

Which of the following is a true acronym?

PET

The subdiscipline of physiology that is concerned with the mechanisms of disease is..?

Pathophysiology

What is the method of having results evaluated by other experts in the field called?

Peer review

Medical mistakes, such as prescribing the wrong dose of medication, can result from failure to consider which of the following?

Physiological variation

What type of feedback is a self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction?

Positive

What is gross anatomy?

The study of body structures that can be observed without magnification.

An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials, which perform a discrete function, is known as a(n)

Tissue

Epi

above

In anatomical terminology, the adjective comes ______ the noun.

after

Hypo

below

An example of a well-designed experiment would have a(n) ______ group, which would receive a placebo, and a(n) ______ group, which would receive the intervention (i.e. treatment) being tested.

control, experimental

What is the plural form of cortex?

cortices

A peer review is a _______.

critical evaluation by other experts in the same field.

Dissection and anatomy both mean ________.

cutting apart

Ultrastructure of a cell is revealed by _________.

electron microscopes

Responsiveness is also known as ______.

excitability

Information that can be independently verified by any trained person is considered a scientific ..?

fact

Without the expenditure of energy, the net movement of matter in a physiological gradient will always be from a region of ______ concentration to a region of ______ concentration.

higher; lower

Part of a hip bone is an ______, while the final portion of the small intestine is the ______.

ilium, ileum

A structure that is made up of two or more atoms is called a(n)

molecule

When a doctor feels for a swollen lymph node, what action is she using in her exam?

palpation

Endocrinology

physiology of hormones

Contractions during childbirth is an example of a ________ feedback mechanism.

positive

A branch of medicine that utilizes medical imaging technologies to explore the interior of the body is called..?

radiology

Pathophysiology

study of disease mechanisms

A prefix and a(n) ________ are word-elements that modify the core meaning of the root.

suffix

A group of organs working together for a coordinated function is an organ ________.

system

What percentage of today's medical terms are formed from just 1,200 Greek and Latin roots?

90%