BIO 2020 CH4 TISSUES

You would expect to find ____________ fibers in areas that undergo a lot of stretch and rebound. A. elastic B. collagen C. reticular D. white

A. elastic

The mucus-secreting cells prevalent in simple columnar epithelium are known as __________. A. goblet cells B. cup cells C. chalice cells D. mucocells

A. goblet cells

The primary functional cell found in nervous tissue is the ___________. A. neuron B. fiber C. fibroblast D. squamous

A. neuron

The major distinction between endocrine glands and exocrine glands is that endocrine glands secrete their product into _________. A. the blood B. a duct C. the stomach D. the bladder

A. the blood

With which portion of an epithelial cell in the stomach would food be in contact? A. Basal surface B. Apical surface C. Basal lamina D. ReIcular lamina

B. Apical surface

Which of the following pairs is not correct? A. Skeletal muscle : striated B. Cardiac muscle : voluntary C. Cardiac muscle : striated D. Smooth muscle : involuntary

B. Cardiac muscle : voluntary

Of the four major tissue types, which type is avascular? A. Connective B. Epithelial C. Muscle D. Nervous

B. Epithelial

Of the four major types of tissues, which type forms boundaries between different environments? A. Connective B. Epithelial C. Muscle D. Nervous

B. Epithelial

What do Merocrine and holocrine glands have in common? Both are unicellular. Both are sebaceous glands. Both are exocrine glands. Both are endocrine glands.

Both are exocrine glands. rationale: Both glands secrete substances onto body surfaces or into body cavities.

Which of the following is NOT associated with cartilage? A. Chondrocytes B. Lacunae C. Blood vessels D. Collagen fibers

C. Blood vessels

Body membranes are usually composed of which two tissues? A. Connective and muscle B. Nervous and muscle C. Epithelial and connective D. Epithelial and muscle

C. Epithelial and connective

Of the following cell types, which are found patrolling areas exposed to harmful bacteria? A. Fibroblasts B. Osteocytes C. Macrophages D. Chrondroblasts

C. Macrophages

Which of the following types of epithelial tissues is best suited for areas of the body where diffusion or filtration occurs? A. Stratified columnar B. Simple cuboidal C. Simple squamous D. Stratified squamous

C. Simple squamous

Glands that secrete by rupture of cells are classified as __________. A. endocrine B. merocrine C. holocrine D. unicellular

C. holocrine

An epithelial tissue has four layers of cells. The apical layer is flat, and the cells of the basal layer are taller than they are wide. This epithelial tissue would be classified as _________. A. simple squamous B. simple columnar C. stratified squamous D. stratified columnar

C. stratified squamous

Muscle tissue can be described as __________. A. avascular and innervated B. avascular and noninnervated C. vascular and innervated D. vascular and noninnervated

C. vascular and innervated

Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue? A. Cartilage B. Blood C. Bone D. Smooth muscle

D. Smooth muscle

Which of the following types of epithelial tissues is best suited for areas of the body subject to abrasion? A. Stratified columnar B. Simple cuboidal C. Simple squamous D. Stratified squamous

D. Stratified squamous

Membranes that line open body cavities are classified as _______. A. serous B. synovial C. cutaneous D. mucous

D. mucous

Which of the following statements is true? All subclasses of loose connective tissue do not contain collagen fibers. Loose connective tissue includes cartilage. Dense connective tissue includes a large amount of reticular fibers. Dense connective tissue includes a great deal of collagen.

Dense connective tissue includes a great deal of collagen. rationale: Correct, the prominent element of dense connective tissue are the fibers. Dense regular connective tissue primarily has parallel collagen fibers and a few elastic fibers. Dense irregular connective tissue primarily has irregularly arranged collagen fibers and some elastic fibers. Elastic connective tissue contains a high proportion of elastic fibers.

How are endocrine and exocrine glands different from each other? Exocrine glands have specific target organs for their secretions. Exocrine glands are only unicellular in structure. Endocrine glands have no ducts. Exocrine glands secrete hormones.

Endocrine have no ducts rationale: Endocrine glands secrete substances (hormones) into blood without the use of ducts, whereas exocrine glands use ducts to secrete substances into the external environment.

Which of the following is a property of epithelial tissue? Epithelial tissue is typically unable to regenerate. Epithelial tissue is innervated. Epithelial tissue contains blood vessels. Epithelial tissue does not exhibit polarity.

Epithelial tissue is innervated. rationale: Epithelial tissue is an innervated, avascular tissue that exhibits polarity. Epithelial tissue is also highly regenerative.

Cartilage has good regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not. True False

False

Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally until the cell ruptures. True False

False

Tendons and ligaments are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue. True False

False

The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present. True False

False

Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibers. True False

False mainly of neurons and supporting cells (glial cells)

All muscle cells contain striations. True False

False smooth muscle cells dont

Endocrine glands are often called ducted glands. True False

False they are usually called ductless glands

Which of the following describes a holocrine gland? Holocrine glands secrete their products by pinching off the apex of the cell. Holocrine glands secrete their products by rupturing. Holocrine glands secrete their products through a hollow, tubular duct. Holocrine glands secrete their products by exocytosis.

Holocrine glands secrete their products by rupturing. rationale: Holocrine glands secrete their products by rupturing. Sebaceous (oil) glands are the only example of holocrine glands in the body.

__________ are water-soluble, complex glycoproteins that are secreted by goblet cells. Salts Enzymes Mucins Hormones Amino acids

Mucins rationale: Like mucous cells, goblet cells are unicellular exocrine glands that secrete mucin, a protein that combines with water to form mucus. In goblet cells, the cuplike accumulation of mucin distends the top of the cell, making these cells look like a glass with a stem, thus "goblet" cell. This distortion does not occur in mucous cells.

________ epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. Stratified columnar Stratified cuboidal Pseudostratified columnar Transitional

Pseudostratified columnar

Select the correct statement regarding epithelia. Pseudostratified epithelia consist of at least two layers of cells stacked on top of one another. Simple squamous epithelia consist of tall, narrow cells. Simple epithelia form impermeable barriers to viruses. Stratified squamous epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.

Stratified squamous epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Serous membranes line body cavities and organs. Mucous membranes line exits and entrances to the body. The cutaneous membrane is a dry membrane exposed to air. The cutaneous membrane is made of a simple columnar epithelium

The cutaneous membrane is made of a simple columnar epithelium

Why are adipose tissue, blood, and bone all considered to be connective tissues? They have a common origin: mesenchyme. They have the same types of cells. They connect to each other. They all have collagen and elastic fibers in their extracellular matrix.

They have a common origin: mesenchyme. rationale: Adipose tissue, bone, and blood (like all connective tissues) are derived from mesenchyme, an embryonic tissue. Also common to all connective tissues is the presence of cells and an extracellular matrix that consists of fibers bathed in ground substance.

All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity. True False

True

Blood is considered a type of connective tissue. True False

True

Epithelial tissues always exhibit apical-basal polarity; meaning that cell regions near the apical surface differ from those near the basal surface. True False

True

Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection. True False

True

Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature. True False

True

Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue? transport support insulation absorption

absorption rationale: Absorption, the movement of substances into the body, is a role of epithelial tissue. Roles of connective tissue include binding and support, protection, insulation, and transportation of substances, via blood, within the body.

All of the following are usually characteristics of epithelium EXCEPT __________. A. avascularity B. abundance of extracellular material C. high rate of mitosis D. tight junctions

abundant extracellular material

Which tissue type would likely function to hold the kidneys in place? reticular adipose smooth muscle dense regular

adipose

Edema (swelling) occurs when ________. reticular connective tissue invades the area areolar tissue soaks up excess fluid in an inflamed area adipose cells enlarge by pinocytosis collagen fibers enlarge as they change from dehydrated to hydrated shape

areolar tissue soaks up excess fluid in an inflamed area

Which is the most atypical connective tissue since it does NOT act as a binding or packaging material under normal conditions or provide structural support? areolar connective tissue osseous cartilage blood

blood rationale: Blood, the fluid connective tissue (CT) within blood vessels, is the most atypical CT. It does not act as a binding or packing material; it does not provide structural support. It is classified as a CT only because it develops from mesenchyme and consists of cells (blood cells) surrounded by an extracellular fluid matrix (blood plasma).

Which of the following is NOT found in cartilage but is found in bone? lacunae organic fibers blood vessels living cells

blood vessels

What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels? bone (osseous tissue) areolar tissue cartilage tissue fibrocartilaginous tissue

bone (osseous tissue)

Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control? skeletal cardiac smooth

cardiac rationale: cardiac cells, like skeletal cells, have visible striations but are not under voluntary control.

The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ________. muscle collagen reticular elastic

collagen

The reason that intervertebral discs exhibit a large amount of tensile strength, which allows them to absorb shock, is because they possess ________. collagen fibers hydroxyapatite crystals elastic fibers reticular fibers

collagen fibers

Connective tissues are made of different combinations of ground substance and fibers. As you compare slides of connective tissues, which would most likely be the strongest type of connective tissue based on the composition of ground substance and fibers? connective tissue high in elastic fibers connective tissue high in reticular fibers connective tissue high in ground substance connective tissues high in collagen fibers

connective tissues high in collagen fibers rationale: Collagen is the toughest of the fibers. If you saw collagen in high amounts, that would indicate strength in the connective tissue.

Which of the following is a dry membrane exposed to the air? synovial membrane mucous membrane cutaneous membrane serous membrane

cutaneous membrane rationale: The cutaneous membrane is your skin, an organ consisting of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis) firmly attached to a thick layer of connective tissue (dermis). Unlike other epithelial membranes, the cutaneous membrane is exposed to the air and is a dry membrane.

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________. exocrine ceruminous endocrine sebaceous

endocrine

A substance received or given off by your body will likely pass through which tissue type? epithelial tissue muscle tissue nervous tissue connective tissue

epithelial tissue

Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity? connective tissue epithelial tissue nervous tissue muscle tissue

epithelial tissue rationale: Epithelial tissue is a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity (epithe = laid on, covering). In addition to coverings and linings, epithelial cells can also form glands, called glandular epithelium.

What tissue type has polarity and is avascular? epithelium muscle nervous tissue connective tissue

epithelium rationale: Epithelia have polarity, which is to say that there is directionality. There is always an exposed surface and an attached surface. Epithelia are also avascular.

Connective tissue extracellular matrix is composed of ________. ground substance and cells cells and fibers all organic compounds fibers and ground substance

fibers and ground substance

What are the three main components of connective tissue? alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers ground substance, fibers, and cells fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts

ground substance, fibers, and cells

Which is true concerning muscle tissue? is a single-celled tissue highly cellular and well vascularized contains contractile units made of collagen cuboidal shape enhances function

highly cellular and well vascularized

Heart muscle cells would tend to separate without ________ intercalated discs flana myofilaments stroma

intercalated discs

Smooth muscle __________. is under involuntary control has long, cylindrical cells contains intercalated discs has striations

is under involuntary control

In connective tissue, the role of elastic fibers is to __________. form delicate networks around blood vessels provide flexibility provide tensile strength retain fluid

provide flexibility rationale: Elastic fibers contain elastin, a rubberlike protein that allows them to stretch and recoil like rubber bands, making them very flexible.

The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium? stratified squamous epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium rationale: Yes, the simple cuboidal cells line the kidney tubules (nephrons) so that secretion and absorption can take place.

Which of the following epithelia forms the walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs? simple columnar pseudostratified columnar simple squamous simple cuboidal

simple squamous

The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium? transitional epithelium simple columnar epithelium simple squamous epithelium

simple squamous epithelium rationale: Yes, this single layer of squamous cells is ideal for the diffusion of gases in the lungs.

Which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei? skeletal cardiac smooth

skeletal rationale: skeletal muscle cells are elongated and many can be quite long; therefore, they have multiple nuclei.

Under a microscope you observe a tissue that appears to have long fibers that appear striated. The nuclei are pushed off to the side of the fibers. The tissue looks very vascular. What type of tissue are you observing? dense regular connective tissue skeletal muscle tissue dense irregular connective tissue osseous tissue

skeletal muscle tissue rationale: The striations are evidence of the myofilaments inside the muscle fibers. The position of the nuclei and vascularity are also signs of muscle tissue.

Which tissue in the wall of the uterus is required for labor contractions? skeletal muscle elastic cartilage stratified squamous smooth muscle

smooth muscle

Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron? dendrites axon soma

soma rationale: the soma or cell body receives inputs (signals) from other cells and sends the information to the axon. But unlike a dendrite, it also is the main metabolic and nutritional center of the cell.

A many-layered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as ________. transitional stratified squamous simple squamous simple cuboidal

stratified squamous

The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue? keratinized stratified squamous epithelium simple columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium rationale: this epithelium protects underlying tissues from the wear and tear of constant swallowing in the esophagus.

What function do transitional epithelia have? absorption resistance to friction filtration stretching

stretching rationale: Transitional epithelium is found in the urinary system. It lines the ureters, bladder, and proximal part of the urethra--organs that are subjected to distention or stretching as urine passes through or fills them.

Elastic connective tissue is found in the walls of the large arteries that leave the heart. True False

true

Which statement best describes connective tissue? typically arranged in a single layer of cells primarily concerned with secretion usually lines a body cavity usually contains a large amount of matrix

usually contains a large amount of matrix