Bio 220 Chapter 22 Connect Assignment
The ______ is the portion of the pharynx found superior to the soft palate at the back of the oral cavity.
nasopharynx
The names of the secondary bronchi of the right lung are ______.
superior, middle, and inferior
True or false: When the diaphragm contracts and lung volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure drops.
true
Where is the trachea located?
Anterior to the esophagus
Which type of hypoxia can be caused by decreased oxygen availability at high altitudes or by drowning?
Hypoxemic
Name the lobes of the human right lung.
Inferior Superior Middle
As the thoracic cavity expands, the visceral pleura clings to the parietal pleura, and the surface of the lung is pulled outward. Why does this increase in lung volume cause inspiration?
Intrapulmonary pressure is temporarily lower than atmospheric pressure.
Which of these occurs during exhalation?
Lung volumes decrease and intrapulmonary pressure increases.
Which locations contain the brainstem respiratory centers?
Medulla oblongata Pons
Which best summarizes the Bohr effect?
The rate of O2 unloading is increased in metabolically active tissues due to increased acidity.
Which are functions of the larynx?
To keep food and drink out of the airway To produce sound
The auditory tubes open in the ______.
nasopharynx
The system that supplies the body with oxygen and expels carbon dioxide by the rhythmic intake and expulsion of air is the ______ system.
respiratory
Name the lobes of the human left lung.
superior and inferior
About how much air is in the anatomic dead space?
150 mL
How many lobes make up the left lung?
2
Hemoglobin is composed of how many subunits?
4
Which term refers to an acid-base imbalance in which the blood pH is lower than 7.35?
Acidosis
Which term refers to the exchange of gases across the respiratory membrane?
Alveolar gas exchange
Why does air flow into the lungs during inspiration?
Atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure, and air flows toward the lower pressure area.
According to this figure, most of the carbon dioxide you exhale comes from which of the following?
Bicarbonate ions transported into the RBCs and used to generate free CO2.
Where are the respiratory control centers located?
Brainstem
Which term refers to the portion of the lung ventilated by one tertiary bronchus?
Bronchopulmonary segment
______ are a group of lung diseases (asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema) that result in long-term obstruction of airflow and substantially reduced pulmonary ventilation. Multiple choice question.
COPDs
Select two examples of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from the list below.
Chronic bronchitis Emphysema
Which two muscles (or muscle groups) are primarily responsible for resting (non-forced) inspiration? Choose two answers from the list below.
Diaphragm Intercostals
Which is a degenerative lung disease characterized by a breakdown of alveoli and diminishing surface area available for gas exchange?
Emphysema
As the thoracic cavity expands, the visceral pleura clings to the parietal pleura, and the surface of the lung is pulled outward. Why does this increase in lung volume cause inspiration? Multiple choice question.
Intrapulmonary pressure is temporarily lower than atmospheric pressure.
Which term refers to the portion of the lung ventilated by one secondary bronchus?
Lobe
The Bohr effect occurs because CO2 lowers the pH of the blood, which (as this graph illustrates) facilitates the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin. Given this, what is the physiological significance of the Bohr effect? Multiple choice question.
More oxygen is released to tissues that have higher metabolic rates.
Which best defines alveolar gas exchange?
Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the respiratory membrane
Which gas has the greatest partial pressure in inspired air?
Nitrogen
Which two terms describe the anterior openings of the nasal cavity? Select two answers from the list below.
Nostrils Nares
How many primary bronchi serve the right lung?
One
Squamous-cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Small-cell carcinoma matches
Originates in the basal cells of the bronchial epithelium Originates in the mucous glands of the lamina propria Originates in the main bronchi but invades the mediastinum and metastasizes quickly
The respiratory system does which of the following?
Plays a role in regulating blood pressure Functions in vocalization and speech Supplies the body with oxygen Assists in the removal of carbon dioxide
What is the serous membrane that encloses each lung?
Pleura
Besides keeping food out of the airway, the larynx is also responsible for which of the following?
Producing speech
Aspirated objects that enter the trachea are more likely to lodge in which primary bronchus?
Right
The pleurae are which type of membrane?
Serous
Which form of lung cancer is most likely to become metastatic?
Small-cell carcinoma
Which is the most common form of lung cancer?
Squamous-cell carcinoma
Which aspect of the lung is known as the apex?
Superior
Which term refers to the exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) that occurs in the capillary networks between the blood and the body's cells? Multiple choice question.
Systemic gas exchange
What airway supplies air to a single bronchopulmonary segment of the lung? Multiple choice question.
Tertiary bronchus
Why do the lungs expand along with the thoracic cage during inspiration?
The cohesion of water causes the visceral pleura to cling to the parietal pleura.
Which best describes what happens during exhalation?
The diaphragm relaxes, intrapulmonary pressure increases, air flows out
Oxygen loading in the lungs decreases hemoglobin's affinity for H+. How does this promote alveolar gas exchange?
The released H+ combines with HCO3- to form free CO2, which can diffuse out of the blood.
Which structure conducts air from the larynx to the primary bronchi?
Trachea
What are the four predominant components of inspired air? Select four options from the list below.
Water vapor Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon dioxide
A blood pH of 7.1 would be called ______.
acidisois
Where does systemic gas exchange occur?
at the capillary networks of the tissues
The ______ of the lung is the broad concave surface of the lung that rests on the diaphragm.
base
The posterior nasal apertures are also called the ______.
choanae
Which muscle (or muscle group) is the prime mover of respiration, producing about two-thirds of pulmonary airflow?
diaphram
Long term inhalation of cigarette smoke often leads to , ____ a COPD that is characterized by a loss of alveolar surface area.
emphysema
Movement of air out of the lungs is called ______.
expiration
True or false: The volume of anatomical dead space cannot be changed and does not vary with circumstances within a given individual.
false
Insufficient oxygen levels in a tissue is called
hypoxia
During the respiratory cycle, the intake of air is called ______.
inspiration
