BIO 264 : Module 3 Practice Quiz'
Cellulose
is not broken down in the human body due to lack of the proper digestive enzymes
The building blocks of proteins are___
amino acids
Which term best describes the accumulation of plaque on the inner walls of arteries?
atherosclerosis
Which two monosaccharides make up maltose?
glucose and glucose
Glucose is the ___
major nutrient for most body cells
Triglycerides and cholesterol are hydrophobic along with...
oils and waxes
Which is a component of a carbohydrate?
-carbon -hydrogen -oxygen
Which statement is true concerning the lipids in the human body?
-fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K -a polyunsaturated fat as 2 or more double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms -eicosanoids are important regulatory molecules derived from fatty acids
Which of the following belong together?
-fatty acid -cholesterol -phospholipid -triglyceride
Which of the following belong together?
-phospholipid -lipoprotein -cell membrane
Lipid function includes
-providing protection -structure and support of cells -use as an energy source -use as regulatory substance for many physiological processes
Which of the following are considered a lipid?
-steroid -myelin sheath -cholesterol
Which of these is found in all amino acids? 1) -COOH 2) -COH 3) -OH 4) -NH2 5) Both -COOH and -NH2
...
Which action could produce a carbonyl group? 1) the replacement of the—OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen
1
Triglycerides constitute___ of the fats in the human body
90%
Which of the following is a polysaccharide that CANNOT be digested by the human body?
Cellulose
Which of the following is considered to be a lipid?
Cholesterol-a steroid
Enzymes have the following characteristics except___
they cannot be reused after a reaction has taken place
Which statement about fats is true?
-A saturated fat is one that has no double bonds between two carbon atoms -Each carbon atom in a fat form 4 bonds -An unsaturated fat can have multiple double bonds
Which one of the following statement about monomers is true?
-All monosaccharides are monomers -Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide and a monomer
Plants store glucose in which form?
-Amylose -Amylopectin
Lipoproteins:
-Are an assembly of both lipids and proteins -Shield cholesterol and triglycerides from water -HDL and LDL are two of the most common types
Hydrocarbon chains
-Are nonpolar -Do not interact well with water
Which one of the following statements about glycogen is correct?
-Glycogen is found in the muscle and liver cells of humans -Glycogen is the only storage form of glucose in humans
Which of the following is a characteristic of an amphipathic molecule?
> all the above It contains a charged portion It contains a hydrophobic portion It contains a hydrophillic portion
Which of the following is a TRUE statement?
Fats with trans bonds can stick together more easily and form solids at room temperature
When fatty acid chains are straight, they are able to pack together tighter. Based on this, which one of the following would pack together the tightest? -Fatty acids containing 1 cis bond -Fatty acids containing multiple cis bonds -Fatty acids containing trans bonds -Fatty acids containing cis and trans bond
Fatty acids containing trans bonds
Trans fats:
-Are solid at room temperature -Are created from unsaturated fats
Which of the following will occur if a person doesn't have the enzyme lactase?
-Water will enter the lumen of the large intestine by osmosis -Lactose will pass through the small intestine and enter the colon -The person will experience symptoms of abdominal bloating, cramps and diarrhea
Proteins can serve all the following functions:
-catalyze metabolic reactions -give structural strength to cells tissues -produce muscular and other forms of movement -regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells
A molecule has one carbon-carbon double bond and four monovalent atoms or groups. How many different geometric isomers exist for this molecule? 1) none 2) two 4) four 5) six 6) eight
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A straight-chain carbon compound constructed from _____ must contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
...
At the beginning of the 19th century, it was thought that the substances that made up living things were special and could not be synthesized by ordinary chemical methods. This now-discarded theory was called the theory of _____.
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Carbon atoms are the most versatile building blocks of the molecules used by living organisms because _____.
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Pharmaceutical companies are selling close to $200 billion worth of single-enantiomer drugs. Why might it be important to use only one form of an enantiomer? 1) It is cheaper to manufacture only one of the enantiomers. 2) It is not important. Both enantiomers will be equally effective. 3) The left-handed version of the enantiomer is always the effective one. 4) It is not important. Both enantiomers constantly flip from right-handed to left-handed. 5) One enantiomer may provide an effective treatment while the other may be ineffective or even toxic.
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Which is a fatty acid with one double bond?
Monounsaturated fat
Monosaccharides are typically found in which form in the body?
Ring form
Why don't oil and water mix?
Water is polar and oil is nonpolar
A polyunsaturated fat:
has 2 or more double bonds
A saturated fat
has only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms
Organic chemistry is currently defined as 2) the study of carbon compounds.
2
Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base? 4) amino
4
Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon skeleton? 4) C2H4
4
Which one of the following statements about polysaccharides is true?
E) 1,2,5
Proteins can serve all of the following functions EXCEPT _________.
E) store hereditary information.
Which one of the following statements about lipoproteins is true?
Eating unsaturated fats instead of saturated fats can help lower LDL levels
Which of the following is true concerning glucose and fructose?
They have the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas
___constitute over 90% of the fats in the human body
Triglycerides
Lipids...
can be dissolved in nonpolar organic solvents such as alcohol or acetone
If lipids were placed in blood without being bound as lipoproteins they would...
clump together to form fat droplets
Polyunsaturated vegetable oils can be changed from liquids to solids by___
decreasing the number of double covalent bonds in their fatty acids
Amylopectin is to faster digestion as ___is to faster rise of blood sugar
glycogen
The polysaccharide used for energy storage in the human body is...
glycogen
What is the difference between glycogen and starch?
glycogen is from animals, starch is from plants
A disaccharide
is sucrose (table sugar)
Glucose
is the major nutrient for most cells of the body
Which of the following correlates the highest with deposition of fatty plaques on the arterial walls?
low density lipoprotein
Which part of the amino acid structure gives the protein its shape?
the bonds between the "R" groups
Choose the statement(s) that are FALSE about HDLs:
A) 1,3,5
The glycemic index of a food is a number that represents how fast that particular food raises blood glucose levels. The higher the number, the faster that food will increase blood glucose levels. Based on the graph below and this information which of the following foods contains the most amylopectin?
A) Food 1 -
Which one of the following statements about lipids is true?
All lipids contain carbon
Which statement about fats is FALSE? Question options: TRUE - A saturated fat is one that has no double bonds between two carbon atoms. FALSE - All fatty acid chains are the same length. TRUE- Each carbon atom in a fat forms 4 bonds. TRUE-An unsaturated fat can have multiple double bonds.
B) All fatty acid chains are the same length.
Which one of the following statements about monosaccharides is FALSE?
B) Monosaccharides form polysaccharides in the body primarily in the linear form.
Which two monosaccharides make up sucrose?
B) glucose and fructose -
Which of the following is not considered a lipid?
B) vitamin B -
Identify the MISMATCHED pair. Question options: TRUE - Monosaccharide - ribose TRUE - Maltose - glucose + glucose FALSE - Lactose - glucose + fructose TRUE - Polysaccharide - glycogen
C) Lactose - glucose + fructose
The picture below is an example of which type of reaction?
C) hydrolysis reaction
Which one of the following statements about polyunsaturated fatty acids is true?
Carbon atoms in polyunsaturated fats contain the same number of bonds as carbon atoms of saturated fats
Which type of fat is readily available in nature?
Cis fats
Fatty acids:
-Can donate a hydrogen, making them acids -Bind to glycerol through a dehydration synthesis reaction -Vary in length, number, and type of bonds
Which of the following statements are TRUE?
-Fatty acid and glycerol molecules are bound together through a hydration synthesis reaction -A characteristic of steroids are their hydrocarbon rings -Cholesterol is used to synthesize steroid hormones -Glycerol is always the same, while fatty acid chains can vary in length and number of single bonds
Which one of the following statements are TRUE?
-Formation of a triglyceride from glycerol and fatty acids and formation of a disaccharide from 2 monosaccharides occurs via the same type of reaction -Cholesterol is a steroid
Which of the following statements are correct?
-Glucose can enter nearly every cell of the body -High fructose corn syrup may increase the number of triglycerides found in the blood
Which of the following are the building blocks for Triglycerides?
-Glycerol -Fatty acids
Which one of the following statements about lipids is true?
-Lipids are a component of every cell in the human body -Trans fats are not considered healthy in any amount
Which of the following statements about lipids is true?
-Lipids are insoluble in water -Cholesterol and fats are different varieties of lipids -Fat molecules contain C, H, and O
Why do we need lipoproteins, particularly when research has found they are associated with atherosclerosis?
-Lipoproteins help remove fats that adhere to arterial walls -Lipoproteins help move non-polar compounds around the body
Glycogen is primarily stored in the___
-Liver -Skeletal Muscle
Triglycerides...
-Make up 90% of dietary fat -Help to cushion and insulate the body -Can contribute to problems with obesity -Are a major form of fat in plants and animals
Identify the matched pair
-Monosaccharide-ribose -Maltose-glucose + glucose -Polysaccharide-glycogen
Which one of the following statements about monosaccharides is TRUE?
-Monosaccharides may combine to form polysaccharides NO -Monosaccharides form polysaccharides in the body primarily in the linear form -Monosaccharides dissolve in water
Which one of the following statements about LDL's is true?
-Monounsaturated fats may lower LDL levels -They are known as "bad" cholesterol -Trans fats raise the LDL levels
Which one of the following statements about polysaccharides is true?
-Polysaccharides are broken down by hydrolysis reactions -Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides -Starch is an example of a digestible polysaccharide in humans
All of the following hormones are made from cholesterol:
-Progesterone -Cholesterol -Cortisol
Why can't the human body breakdown cellulose?
-The human body lacks the enzymes to digest cellulose -The bond configuration between glucose molecules is different in cellulose than it is in glycogen
Which statement about phospholipids is true?
-The polar heads lie towards the water -They are amphipathic -They help control what substances pass to the cytoplasm
Choose the statement that describe lipoproteins
-They are made of fat and proteins -They have hydrophilic ends pointing outward and hydrophobic ends pointing inward -Cholesterol and triglycerides are found inside the lipoprotein structure -They dissolve in water
Choose the statements that are true about HDLs:
-They have a higher protein: lipid ratio -They help prevent atherosclerosis -They have more apoproteins
Stanley Miller's experiments were significant because he demonstrated that _____.
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The carbon atom is tetravalent; this means that _____. 1) carbon readily forms ionic bonds 2) carbon's first electron shell holds 4 electrons 3) a carbon atom can complete its valence shell by forming four covalent bonds 4) the bond angle between each bond is 90°, forming an arrangement like the points on a compass 5) carbon has a total of 4 electrons
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The first organic molecule to be synthesized from inorganic substances that could be prepared directly from inorganic substances was _____.
...
What is the three-dimensional shape created by hybrid orbitals that are formed when a carbon atom is covalently bonded with four other atoms?
...
Which element is always associated with organic chemistry?
...
Which is an organic molecule?
...
Which of the following are properties of hydrocarbons? 1) Hydrophobic, polar, charged 2) Hydrophilic, good source of stored energy, consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen 3) Hydrophobic, nonpolar, good source of stored energy 4) Hydrophilic, contain numerous carboxyl groups, nonpolar 5) Hydrophobic, contain numerous amine groups, polar
...
Which of the following functional groups is present in all amino acids? 1) -SH 2) -COH 3) -OH 4) -NH2 5) -OPO3-2
...
Which is NOT a characteristic of triglycerides?
Converted to a steroid in body cells.
Peptide bonds are an example of what type of bonding?
Covalent
Which of the following carbohydrates provides a way for animals to store energy for later use?
Glycogen
Which of the following describes a trans-fat?
Has some carbon-carbon double bonds with hydrogens on opposite sides of the bonds
High levels of ___can cause atherosclerosis
LDL
Which of the following represents normal/desirable values?
LDL: less than 100 HDL: 60+ Triglycerides: less than 50 Cholesterol: less than 200
Which of the following is a TRUE function or property of lipids?
Lipids are an important component of biological membranes
Which of these would be likely to have a trans bond?
Margarine
Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?
The functional shape of the protein.
What are saturated fats?
They are fatty acid chains with no double bonds
Which one of the following statements about monosaccharides is true?
They can be in linear or ring form
Glucose is also known as___
dextrose
In a person whose body makes lactase, where would you expect lactose to be digested and absorbed?
digested and absorbed in the small intestine
Which monosaccharide is found in the three primary disaccharides?
glucose
Which two monosaccharides make up sucrose?
glucose + fructose
Which two monosaccharides make up lactose?
glucose and galactose
What are the two secondary structures of a protein?
helix and pleated sheet
The process by which polymers are broken down to monomers is called...
hydrolysis
Phospholipids have a polar end, where phosphate is found. This polar end is characterized as being___.
hydrophilic
