Bio Beyond 101 Final
Fermentation occurs if
oxygen is not present
The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is ________, resulting in formation of ________
oxygen; water
Plants store their sugar in the form of
Starch
When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
during mitosis
The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses?
compact bone
Chromosomes are made from
condensed chromatin
Plant cells have plasmodesmata that
connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both
contain DNA
Which of the following methods may help conserve water by reducing the amount used for agriculture?
contour with no-till farming
Plant cells can communicate with each other via ________, as indicated by the arrow in the figure.
plasmodesmate
Hydropower and wind power are similar in that both are
renewable energy sources.
Mitochondria are found in
both plant cells and animal cells
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in
DNA
Which of the following is not a renewable resource?
Fossil Fuels
Most skeletal muscles contain ________.
a mixture of fiber types
Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell
lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.
Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function.
surface-area-to-volume ratio
Nutrients that are deemed to be "essential" are those which
the body is not able to produce
Chemical bonds involve
the giving, taking or sharing of electrons.
DNA replication is called semiconservative because
the two resulting DNA molecules each have one new DNA strand and one old strand from the original DNA molecule.
Which b one would likely take the longest to heal.
thigh bone of an elderly individual
Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
thymine
Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?
tropical rainforest
Wood and cotton cloth are composed of
cellulose
Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?
tropical rainforest temperate grasslands coral reef tundra
Most metabolic wastes leave the body through the production of ________ by the ________.
urine; urinary system
Which of the following creates the least amount of soil erosion?
use of drip irrigation systems
Micro nutrients are.
vitamins and minerals
Armadillos have a diploid chromosome number of 64. At prophase I, an armadillo's cell would have ________ tetrads present.
32
List the levels of organization of the body from simple to complex. 1. organ system 2. organism 3. tissue 4. organ 5. cell
5, 3, 4, 1, 2
According to Chargaff's rules, ________ always pairs with ________, and ________ always pairs with ________.
A,T; G,C
Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?
Atom
Which organisms have been modified to produce insulin, blood clotting factor VIII, and human growth hormone?
Bacteria
Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged?
Golgi apparatus
In which way does over fishing lead to decreased in biodiversity?
It depletes fish that feed on some species and serve as food sources for other species, leading to the eradication of some species and the overpopulation of others.
As humans continue to use fossil fuels as a primary source of energy, the amount of carbon entering the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion will continue to increase dramatically. What is the effect of large-scale deforestation on the carbon in the atmosphere?
Because trees are a major sink for atmospheric carbon, fewer trees will result in less carbon being removed from the atmosphere for photosynthesis. The large-scale removal of forests does not have any real effect on atmospheric carbon, because carbon dioxide is not stored in trees. Because trees produce carbon dioxide, the amount of carbon in the atmosphere will decrease with their wide-scale removal.
How does DNA differ from RNA?
DNA is comprised of a double strand, RNA is a single strand.
The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information contained within genes flows in which direction?
DNA to mRNA to protein
Which two terrestrial biomes are the most similar with regards to rainfall
Desert; taiga temperate grasslands; desert
Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle?
Golgi Apparatus
Muscular dystrophy affects the functioning of skeletal muscle. As this disease advances, it can impair the contraction of the diaphragm and the muscles of the rib cage. What effect will this have on the ability of people with this disease to carry out gas exchange
It will decrease their ability to exchange air into and out of the lungs, decreasing gas exchange.
Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?
Parts W and Z are hydrophilic
________ is the study of the structure and function of cellular proteins and their interactions; ________ may be employed to use computer algorithms to aid this process.
Proteomics; bioinformatics
The Best definition of a nutrient is
a food component which performs a physiological function in the body.
If your body is dehydrated, the control center in the brain will stimulate the release of a hormone which causes the reabsorption of water into the blood during urine formation. When the control center senses that enough water is reabsorbed, it will stop the release of the hormone. This is an example of
a negative feedback mechanism.
muscle tone is
a state of sustained partial contraction
Forests help to regulate the global climate by
absorbing carbon dioxide.
Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis?
algae
Conservation biology supports all of the following ethical principles except
all animals have the same rights or legal status as humans.
Pollution is defined as
an undesirable alteration to the environment.
The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of Chromosomes spiting
anaphase
A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a
bacterial cell.
Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to
bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body.
Mercury can enter an aquatic food chain and collect in fish as well as people who eat fish. This is an example of which of the following processes?
biological magnification
Which of the following is not a benefit of biodiversity
biological magnification
Which of the following lists the levels of biological organization in order from simplest to most complex?
cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular system, human
An atom with a neutral charge has
equal numbers of protons and electrons
Proteins must be ingested in order to obtain
essential amino acids
Homeostasis maintains various levels within a narrow range only if environmental conditions do not fluctuate much.
false
Yellow Bone marrow contain a large percentage of.
fat
Without tight junctions in certain tissues,
fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create.
Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used?
glucose - lysosome
Carbohydrates are typically broken down to
glucose, the molecule used as the energy source in cells.
Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water
has surface tension
human society in its current from is unsustainable becuase
important natural resources are being consumed more quickly than they can be replenished.
While Jeff was looking under the microscope at cells in different stages of mitosis, he commented on the fact that many cells were in the same stage. If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion root tip, in what stage of the cell cycle would the majority of the cells be?
interphase
Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
Digestion in humans and earthworms
is similar in that both organisms, digestion is an extracellular process, occurring in a complete digestive tract.
Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a
light microscope.
The increased efficiency of fishing has led to
loss of biodiversity in fish and other species.
Desertification and deforestation are similar in that both involve
loss of plant and animal life in an area.
Which of the following are greenhouse gases?
methane and carbon dioxide
Which organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work?
mitochondria
Biodiversity increases the consumptive value of land, meaning that
more value can be derived from the more diverse products produced by ecosystems with high biodiversity relative to land that has been cleared for agriculture.
Movement of body parts directly requires the
muscular system and skeletal system
Isotopes of an element differ in their
neutron number
Below is a diagram of a bacterium. What structure does Y represent?
nucleoid
The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________
overexpose to UV radiation
What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?
plasma mambrane
Which feature is found in all cells?
plasma membrane composed of phospholipids
Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA.
protein; nucleotides
Multipurpose trees are useful for what purpose?
providing additional products, as well as serving as a windbreak
Which of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane?
ribosomes
Which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?
rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane
Which of the following mineral is typically over consumed by american?
sodium